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A review and evaluation of nonroad diesel mobile machinery emission control in China

Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 30-40页

作者： Pengju Bie Liang Ji Huanxing Cui Gang Li Shunli Liu Ying Yuan Kebin He Huan Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentInternational Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy InnovationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Automobile Testing Center Co Ltd.Jinan 250102China

China’s emission control for nonroad diesel mobile machinery(NDMM)must deal with a fast increase in stock as well as regulations that are two decades behind those for on-road *** study provides the first large-scale review and evaluation of China’s NDMM policies,along with emission measurements and an investigation on diesel fuel *** sulfur contents of the investigated diesel declined from 430 ppm(median value)in 2011 to6-8 ppm during the 2017-2018 *** emission control of NO_(x)and PM greatly improved with the shift from the China II to China IV standards,as demonstrated by engine tests and field NO_(x)***,the NO_(x)emission factors for non-type-approved engines were approximately twice the limits of the China II *** compliance based on bench tests was not sufficient to control actual emissions because the field-measured NO_(x)emission factors of all machinery ranged from 24%to 225%greater than the respective emission limits for the *** circumstances adversely affected the effectiveness of the regulations and policies for China’s emission control of ***,the policies on new and in-use NDMM,as well as diesel fuel quality,prevented NO_(x)and PM emissions amounting to 4.4 Tg and 297.8 Gg during the period 2008-2017,*** emission management strategy contributed to enhancing the international competitiveness of China’s NDMM industries by promoting advanced *** effective NDMM emission control in the future,portable testing and noncontact remote supervision should be strengthened;also,the issue of noncompliant diesel should be addressed through rigorous control measures and financial penalties.

关键词： Nonroad mobile machinery Emission reduction Emission control policy Emission factor Diesel fuel quality

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A watershed-based adaptive knowledge system for developing ecosystem stakeholder partnerships

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第6期33卷 1476-1488页

作者： Hebin LIN Jeffrey A.THORNTON Nickolai SHADRIN international environmental management services ltd.. The Meadows Center for Water and the Environment Texas State University601 University DriveSan MarcosTX 78666 USA Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University3-11 TsurukabutoNada-kuKobeHyogo 657-8501Japan Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (GAGS)

This study proposes a Watershed-based Adaptive Knowledge System(WAKES) to consistently coordinate multiple stakeholders in developing sustainable partnerships for ecosystem *** is extended from the institutional mechanism of Payments for Improving Ecosystem services at the Watershed-scale(PIES-W).PIES-W is designed relating to the governance of ecosystem services flows focused on a lake as a resource stock connecting its inflowing and outflowing rivers within its *** explicitly realizes the values of conservation services provided by private land managers and incorporates their activities into the public organizing framework for ecosystem *** implicitly extends the "upstream-to-downstream" organizing perspective to a broader vision of viewing the ecosystems as comprised of both "watershed landscapes" and "marine landscapes".Extended from PIES-W,WAKES specifies two corresponding feedback:Framework I and *** I is a relationship matrix comprised of three input-output structures of primary governance factors intersecting three subsystems of a watershed with regard to ecosystem services and human *** II is the Stakeholder-and-Information structure channeling five types of information among four stakeholder groups in order to enable the feedbacks mechanism of Framework *** identifies the rationales behind three fundamental information transformations,illustrated with the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and the Strategic Action Program of the Bermejo River Binational *** include(1) translating scientific knowledge into public information within the Function-and-Service structure corresponding to the ecological subsystem,(2) incorporating public perceptions into political will within the Serviceand-Value structure corresponding to the economic subsystem,and(3) integrating scientific knowledge,public perceptions and political will into management options within the Value-and-Stakeholder structure corre

关键词： ecosystem services information transformation integrated ecosystem management stakeholder partnerships transaction costs watersheds

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Processing of chromite ultra-fines in a water only cyclone

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international Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第6期27卷 1057-1063页

作者： Tripathy Sunil Kumar Bhoja Sharath Kumar Murthy Y. Rama Research and Development Division Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur 831001 India Process Technology Group Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur 831001 India

In the present investigation, an attempt is made to examine the interdependencies among the operating parameters and their interactional effect on the separation performance of a water-only cyclone for treating ferruginous chromite fines. Statistically designed experiments are carried out, and empirical models are developed for the critical response parameters, i,e., yield(%) to underflow, grade(%Cr_2O_3 and%SiO_2)and Cr:Fe ratio of the underflow stream. Further, using these empirical models, operating regime of the process parameters is optimized to obtain the peak performance of water-only cyclone. Also, efforts are made to validate the prediction models with the experimental results.

关键词： Water only cyclone Chromite beneficiation Optimization Factorial designed experiment Statistical modelling

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Potential fly-ash utilization in agriculture:A global review

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials international 2009年第10期19卷 1173-1186页

作者： Manisha Basu Manish Pande P.B.S.Bhadoria S.C.Mahapatra Agriculture & Food services SGS India Pvt. Ltd. Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Rural Development Centre Indian Institute of Technology

Though in last four decades various alternate energy sources have come into the limelight, the hyperbolic use of coal as a prime energy source cannot be counterbalanced. Disposal of high amount of fly-ash from thermal power plants absorbs huge amount of water, energy and land area by ash ponds. In order to meet the growing energy demand, various environmental, economic and social problems associated with the disposal of fly-ash would continue to increase. Therefore, fly-ash management would remain a great concern of the century. Fly-ash has great potentiality in agriculture due to its efficacy in modification of soil health and crop performance. The high concentration of elements (K, Na, Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe) in fly-ash increases the yield of many agricultural crops. But compared to other sectors, the use of fly-ash in agriculture is limited. An exhaustive review of numerous studies of last four decades took place in this paper, which systematically covers the importance, scope and apprehension regarding utilization of fly-ash in agriculture. The authors concluded that though studies have established some solutions to handle the problems of radioactivity and heavy metal content in fly-ash, long-term confirmatory research and demonstration are necessary. This paper also identified some areas, like proper handling of dry ash in plants as well as in fields, ash pond management (i.e., faster decantation, recycling of water, vertical expansion rather than horizontal), monitoring of soil health, crop quality, and fate of fly-ash in time domain, where research thrust is required. Agricultural lime application contributes to global warming as Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assumes that all the carbon in agricultural lime is finally released as CO2 to the atmosphere. It is expected that use of fly-ash instead of lime in agriculture can reduce net CO2 emission, thus reduce global warming also.

关键词： Coal fly-ash Agriculture Soil health Crop yield Radioactivity Global warming

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1,2,4-trichlorobenzene decomposition using non-thermal plasma technology

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第3期22卷 71-78页

作者： Tao ZHU Xing ZHANG Mingfeng MA Lifeng WANG Zeyu XUE Yiming HOU Zefu YE Tongshen LIU Institute of Atmospheric environmental management and Pollution Control China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083People’s Republic of China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Lacustrine Shale Gas Accumulation and Exploitation(under planning) Xi’an 710075People’s Republic of China Gemeng international Co. LtdTaiyuan 030002People’s Republic of China Beijing Municipal Research Institute of environmental Protection Beijing 100037People’s Republic of China

Non-thermal plasma(NTP)is regarded as a potential application for environmental pollution control due to its ability to remove *** a major precursor of dioxins,the influence of the parameters of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(TCB)decomposition using NTP technology was investigated through a series of experiments,including voltage,frequency,water content,initial concentration,flow rate,and oxygen *** experimental results show that the energy injected into the NTP system has a positive correlation to voltage and *** has the greatest influence on TCB *** optimal reaction condition was at 15 kV,1000 Hz,an initial concentration of 20 mg m^?3,a flow rate of 2 l min^?1,H2O at 4%,and O2 at 0%.Under this condition,the TCB removal efficiency could reach 92%.According to the generated product backstepping,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)plays an important role in TCB decomposition due to its strong oxidation,which participates in the dechlorination and oxidation reactions as free radicals,and the possible decomposition pathway of TCB by NTP is inferred from the identified *** is of great significance to investigate the influence of the parameters of TCB decomposition using NTP technology in order to provide references for industrial application.

关键词： non-thermal plasma pulse discharge influence parameter 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene decomposition removal efficiency

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The trust system and ecological civilization:A case study of “green trust”

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Ecological Economy 2014年第2期7卷 159-163页

作者： WANG Zhen DONG Yu Guanghua School of management Peking University China international Economic Consultant Co. Ltd.

To promote the ecological civilization has been determined as one of the significant agenda for China's development strategy. However, the shortfall of funding might hinder the progress. Therefore, new financing resources and channels are urgently required. Trust has been seen as a popular investing and financing instrument due to its comprehensive benefits such as equity restricting, financial independence and continuity, etc. If trust companies provide services to environmental protection and establish "green trust" or "green funds", it would fully widen financing channel of green industry and contribute to China's sustainable development.

关键词： trust system ecological civilization green trust

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Ecosystem services and legal protection of private *** or solution?

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第3期1卷 173-180页

作者： Katažyna Mikša Marius Kalinauskas Miguel Inácio Eduardo Gomes Paulo Pereira environmental management Laboratory Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilnius LT-08303Lithuania Institute of international and European Union Law Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilnius LT-08303Lithuania

Ecosystem services(ES)delivery in quantity and quality are essential to improve human ***,often a considerable part of ES provisioning depends on the use of private land(e.g.,flood retention,carbon sequestration,water purification).In this context,the operationalization and implementation of ES concept may collide with legal property ***,it is essential to find constructive mechanisms to engage and encour-age private owners to implement sustainable land uses to reduce the onsite and offsite impacts of their *** paper aims to identify if ES delivery can be constrained by legal private land and how it can be *** is undeniable that land-use changes(e.g.,urbanization,agriculture intensification,and land abandonment)affect the territory’s capacity to deliver ES in quality and *** changes,especially land abandonment,are in-creasing the tradeoffs among ES(e.g.,between carbon sequestration and water yield).Land-use planning should consider these ***,incorporating ES into spatial plans is crucial for stakeholders to understand the impacts of land-use change in the loss of ES *** information can be transmitted through maps that communicate the message in a simplified *** owners can easily perceive the ES relevance that their land can provide if an understandable message is *** this can be a good solution,conflicts can appear even with the implementation of schemes such as Payment for ES(PES).PES is not always effective and can im-pose losses to farmers,disregard their cultural traditions,or not prevent poverty *** this context,it is crucial to consider local specificities to safeguard PES’s success,create a“win-win”and transform a problem into a *** owners’active participation in implementing sustainable practices or a determined land-use in their properties is vital to achieving global targets such as sustainable development goals.

关键词： Ecosystem services Law Private land Sustainability Land-use change

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Assessing the suitability of GlobeLand30 for mapping land cover in Germany

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international Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第9期9卷 873-891页

作者： Jamal Jokar Arsanjani Linda See Amin Tayyebi GIScience Research Group Institute of GeographyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Ecosystems services and management Program(ESM) International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)LaxenburgAustria University of California-Riverside College of Natural&Agricultural SciencesCenter for Conservation BiologyRiversideCAUSA

Global land cover(LC)maps have been widely employed as the base layer for a number of applications including climate change,food security,water quality,biodiversity,change detection,and environmental *** to the importance of LC,there is a pressing need to increase the temporal and spatial resolution of global LC maps.A recent advance in this direction has been the GlobeLand30 dataset derived from Landsat imagery,which has been developed by the National Geomatics Center of China(NGCC).Although overall accuracy is greater than 80%,the NGCC would like help in assessing the accuracy of the product in different regions of the *** assist in this process,this study compares the GlobeLand30 product with existing public and online datasets,that is,CORINE,Urban Atlas(UA),OpenStreetMap,and ATKIS for Germany in order to assess overall and per class *** results of the analysis reveal high agreement of up to 92%between these datasets and GlobeLand30 but that large disagreements for certain classes are evident,in particular ***,overall,GlobeLand30 is shown to be a useful product for characterizing LC in Germany,and paves the way for further regional and national validation efforts.

关键词： Land cover/use mapping Germany Globeland30 corine global land cover maps accuracy assessment

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL MODELLING OF ESTUARINE WATERS

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international Journal of Sediment Research 2003年第1期18卷 1-16页

作者： Morteza.KOLAHDOOZAN,Roger A.FALCONER Department of Civil and environmental Engineering AmirKabir University Halcrow Professor of environmental Water management Cardiff School of Engineering Cardiff University Assistant Professor Tehran Iran UK

Details are given herein of the development and application of a three-dimensional layer integrated numerical model to predict geo-morphological changes in estuarine waters. An Alternating Direction Implicit finite difference algorithm has been used for solving the governing differential equations, which include the conservation of mass and momentum for the hydrodynamics, the transport equation for suspended sediment fluxes and the sediment mass conservation equation for bed level changes. The model includes a modified term for the initiation of motion, which takes account of the unsteady nature of the flow. Model predictions have been compared with results of other model studies reported in the literature and also laboratory measurements, with the refined criteria for the initiation of motion for tidal currents giving improved results. Finally, the model has been applied to predict bed level changes due to suspended sediment fluxes in the Humber Estuary, UK.

关键词： Sediment transport Numerical models Geo-morphological changes Estuarine processes

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Change Detection of Lake Chad Water Surface Area Using Remote Sensing and Satellite Imagery

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2021年第5期13卷 561-577页

作者： Abdel-Aziz Adam Mahamat Adeeba Al-Hurban Nehaya Saied Integrated international for environmental services (IIES) Kuwait City Kuwait Earth and environmental Sciences Department Faculty of Science Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait

The Lake Chad located in the west-central Africa in the Sahel region at the edge of the Sahara experienced severe drought during 1970s and 1980s and overexploitation (unintegrated and unsustainable use), which is a result of variant land uses and water management practices during the last 50 years. This resulted in a decline of the water level in the Lake and surrounding rivers. The present study analyzed satellite images of Lake Chad from Landsat-MSS, Landsat-OLI to investigate the change of the open water surface area during the years of 1973, 1987, 2001, 2013, and 2017. Supervised classifications were performed for the land cover analysis. The open water area in 1973 was covering 16,157.34 km2 approximately, and that was 64.6% of the total lake area in the 1960s. As an ultimate result of the extreme drought that the study area witnessed through 1970s-1980s, the open water area has decreased to 1831.44 km2, i.e. around 11.33%, compared to that in 1973. The dilemma that the study area is suffering from is believed to be a catastrophic complication of the aforementioned drought crisis, which arose as an ultimate result the climate change, global warming, and the unintegrated and unsustainable use of water challenges the study area is still encountering.

关键词： Satellite Imagery Landsat Remote Sensing GIS Drought Overexploitation

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