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Identification of sand and dust storm source areas in Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第5期7卷 567-578页

作者： CAO Hui LIU Jian WANG Guizhou YANG Guang LUO Lei Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences international ecosystem management partnership United Nations Environment Programme University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences

Sand and dust storms （SDS） are common phenomena in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, SDS frequencies and intensities have increased significantly in Iran. A research on SDS sources is important for understanding the mechanisms of dust generation and assessing its socio-economic and environmental impacts. In this paper, we developed a new approach to identify SDS source areas in Iran using a combination of nine related datasets, namely drought events, temperature, precipitation, location of sandy soils, SDS frequency, hu- man-induced soil degradation （HISD）, human influence index （HII）, rain use efficiency （RUE） and net primary pro- ductivity （NPP） loss. To identify SDS source areas, we firstly normalized these datasets under uniform criteria in- cluding layer reprojection using Lambert conformal conic projection, data conversion from shapefile to raster, Min-Max Normalization with data range from 0 to 1, and data interpolation by Kriging and images resampling （resolution of 1 km）. After that, a score map for the possibility of SDS sources was generated through overlaying multiple datasets under average weight allocation criterion, in which each item obtained weight equally. In the score map, the higher the score, the more possible a specific area could be regarded as SDS source area. Exceptions mostly came from large cities, like Tehran and Isfahan. As a result, final SDS source areas were mapped out, and Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes and Sistan Basin were identified as main SDS source areas in Iran. The SDS source area in Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes still keeps expanding. In addition, Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes are now suf- fering rapid land degradation due to natural and human-induced factors and might totally vanish in the near future. Sistan Basin also demonstrates the impacts of soil degradation and wind erosion. With appropriate intensity, dura- tion, wind speed and altitude of the dust storms, sand particles uplifting from this area might have developed

关键词： sand and dust storm weight allocation criterion Kriging interpolation score map AI-Howizeh/AI-Azim marshes Sistan Basin

Off-farm employment,agriculture production activities,and household dietary diversity in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of Asia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 359-373页

作者： Yunli Bai Xuanye Zeng Chao Fu Linxiu Zhang Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China United Nations Environment Programme-international ecosystem management partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

Access to off-farm employment has been expected to be a critical approach to ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition,two important targets of achieving Zero *** study aims to investigate the role of off-farm employment in improving dietary diversity through substitution effect and complementary effect with agricultural production activities and income *** study adopts Poisson/Tobit/Probit/OLS regressions and the instrument variable method based on the primary survey data collected among 1,282 households at 12 sites in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of China,Nepal,Cambodia,Thailand,and Myanmar in *** results show that off-farm employment is positively associated with household dietary diversity and the consumption of flesh meat,fish and other aquatic animals,fruits,and milk and dairy products,which are rich in protein and *** results of mechanism analysis show that off-farm employment contributes to household dietary diversity by improving crop diversity,especially for poor households,boosting the probability of livestock raising for households with the middle one-third disposal income,and increasing household *** positive association between off-farm employment and household dietary diversity is much higher for households with the bottom one-third disposal income,low illiteracy,and from upper-middle income *** findings imply that off-farm employment does play a vital role in achieving multiple benefits of poverty alleviation,malnutrition reduction,and agrobiodiversity conservation in environmentally and economically vulnerable ***,it may enlarge the gaps in dietary diversity between households with low human capital and from low and lower-middle income countries and those with high human capital and from middle-high countries.

关键词： off-farm employment dietary diversity income effect substitution effect complementary effect

Building African ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local ecosystem Goods and Services

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Chinese Geographical Science 2015年第4期25卷 414-425页

作者： Armand Sedami Igor YEVIDE WU Bingfang YU Xiubo LI Xiaosong LIU Yu LIU Jian Key Lab of Digital Earth Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences international ecosystem management partnership (IEMP) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

A new form of producing and sharing knowledge has emerged as an international(United States of America,Asia,and Europe) research collaboration,known as the Long-Term Ecological Research(LTER) *** Africa boasts rich biodiversity,including endemic species,it lacks the long-term initiatives to underpin sustainable biodiversity *** present,climate change may exacerbate hunger and poverty concerns in addition to resulting in ecosystem degradation,land use change,and other threats in ***,ecosystem monitoring was suggested to understanding the effects of climate change and setting strategies to mitigate these *** paper aimed to investigate ecosystem monitoring ground sites and address their coverage gaps in Africa to provide a foundation for optimizing the African ecosystem Research Network(AERN) ground *** geographic coordinates and characteristics of ground sites-based ecosystem monitoring were collected from various networks aligned with the LTER implementation in ***,climatic data and biodiversity distribution maps were retrieved from various *** data were used to assess the size of existing ground sites and the gaps in description,ecosystems and *** results reveal that there were 1089 sites established by various *** these sites,30.5%,27.5%,and 28.8% had no information of area,year of establishment,current status,***,68.0% of them had an area equal to or greater than 1 *** were created progressively over the course of the years,with 68.9% being created from 2000 to *** date,only 41.5% of the sites were *** sites were scattered across Africa,but they were concentrated in Eastern and Southern *** unbalanced distribution pattern of the sites left Central and Northern Africa hardly covered,and many unique ecosystems in Central Africa were not *** sustain these sites,the AERN should be based on operational sites,seeking secur

关键词： ecosystem monitoring Long-Term Ecological Research(LTER) biodiversity ground site gap analysis network Africa

Levels of Germinable Seed in Topsoil and Yak Dung on an Alpine Meadow on the North-East Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2243-2249页

作者： YU Xiao-jun XU Chang-lin WANG Fang SHANG Zhan-huan LONG Rui-jun College of Grassland Science Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland EcosystemMinistry of Education/Sino-U.S.Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University international Centre for Tibetan Plateau ecosystem management Lanzhou University

In order to clarify the interactive mechanism between grazing yak and alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,our study assessed seed density（by species） in the topsoil of alpine meadow with different grazing intensities in the Tianzhu area,north-eastern margins of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their rates of occurrence in yak *** density in the topsoil of the lightly grazed,moderately grazed,heavily grazed and extremely grazed alpine meadows in November,2010 were 1 551,1 692,2 660 and 1 830 grains m-2,while in the same meadows in April,2011 densities were 1 530,2 404,2 530 and 2 692 grains m-2,*** the cold season pasture,mean seed density in yak dung from November to April in the lightly grazed,moderately grazed,heavily grazed and extremely grazed sites were 121,127,187,and 120 grains kg-1of dry yak *** proportion of total seed numbers in yak dung to soil seed bank in lightly grazed,moderately grazed,heavily grazed and extremely grazed alpine meadow was 1.40,2.62,0.69,and 0.90%.12 species out of the 47 were not found in topsoil but were found in yak dung,10 species out of 45 were not found in yak dung but were found in the *** dispersal by yaks is therefore very important for soil seed bank and plant biodiversity and population dynamics in alpine meadows.

关键词： alpine meadow seeds endozoochory seed density soil seed bank yak dung

Effects of conservation measures on crop diversity and their implications for climate-resilient livelihoods: the case of Rupa Lake Watershed in Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 945-957页

作者： BAI Yun-li FU Chao THAPA Balaram RANA Ram Bahadur ZHANG Lin-xiu Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China United Nations Environment Programme-international ecosystem management partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China Local Initiatives for Biodiversity Research and Development(LI-BIRD)PO Box 324Pokhara 33700Nepal

Agrobiodiversity conservation is vital for achieving sustainability, but empirical studies on the effects of different practices or measures on crop diversity are rare. This study aims to estimate the effects of raising conservation awareness(RCA),building diversity blocks(BDB), and their combination on crop diversity among 240 randomly selected households surrounding the Rupa Lake Watershed in Nepal. Based on descriptive analysis and multiple regression models, the results indicate that the two single measures had no significant effect on the numbers of crop species and varieties grown by households in 2018. However, the combination of RCA and BDB had a significantly positive effect on the number of crop varieties, especially for grain and vegetable crops. Considering that these crops are essential in the daily lives of local people, the results indicate that a strategy that combines both awareness raising and on-farm conservation measures can generate higher crop diversity and better serve the climate-resilient livelihoods of people in mountainous areas.

关键词： Agrobiodiversity Conservation measures Crop species and varieties Rupa Lake

Off-farm income promotes energy transition in the Pan-Third Pole cross-national region

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第5期14卷 798-809页

作者： Xiao-Qi ZHENG Xiang-Bo XU Chang LI Chao FU Zhao-Yuan FAN School of Economics Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China United Nations Environment Programme-international ecosystem management partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Pan-Third Pole region comprises multiple nations affected by climate vulnerability and energy inequality,wherein promoting energy transitions in rural households would provide a path to combat climate *** the factors that drive rural household energy consumption and the transition is *** study performed a micro-survey of 1060 rural households in five countries in the Pan-Third Pole region and empirically analyzed the relationships between off-farm income,energy consumption,and energy *** off-farm income of rural households was found to have a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on energy expenditure,indicating that energy expenditure increased with increasing off-farm ***-farm income has a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on the proportion of commercial energy but a significantly negative effect on the proportion of noncommercial *** results indicate that increasing off-farm income can adjust the energy consumption structure of rural ***,a robustness check by substituting independent variables,instrumental variable method(IV),and propensity score matching method(PSM)provided strong evidence to prove the robustness of the *** heterogeneity analysis showed that the effects of off-farm income on energy expenditure and transitions differed among countries,off-farm income had no significant impact on energy expenditure in Cambodia and Myanmar,but it worked for China,Nepal,and ***,policy implications are proposed to promote energy transition in the Pan-Third pole region:providing more full-time or part-time off-farm employment opportunities,employment assistance or skill training by local governments;increasing the pace of infrastructure construction to solve energy inaccessibility;multiple measures to promote the education and environmental knowledge.

关键词： Off-farm income Rural household Energy consumption Energy transition Pan-Third Pole region

Monitoring forest dynamics in Africa during 2000- 2020 using a remotely sensed fractional tree cover dataset

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international Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 2212-2232页

作者： Xuexin Wei Yang Liu Lin Qi Jilong Chen Guoqin Wang Linxiu Zhang Ronggao Liu Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China United Nations Environment Programme-international ecosystem management partnership BeijingPeople’s Republic of China

Africa is covered with extensive woodlands,savannas and *** tree cover of these biomes has been undergoing substantial changes in recent ***,the dynamics of forests in Africa are currently unclear,particularly in the woodlands and savanna areas covered by sparse ***,we assessed the spatio-temporal trend of African forests from 2000 to 2020,using a 250-m resolution fractional tree cover product that can capture the variation of forest density in the widespread mixed vegetation landscapes of the *** tree cover trends,interannual change and hotspots of forest gain and loss were *** showed that the African forest area increased at a rate of 3.59 million ha/year over the study period,reaching 589 million ha in *** forest gain and loss both occurred in *** net change rate in woodlands’forest area was the fastest(2.28 million ha/year),followed by rainforests(0.80 million ha/year)and savannas(0.34 million ha/year).Hotspots of forest gain were concentrated in the north belt of woodlands and savannas,while forest loss primarily clustered in East and South *** work would help African countries to monitor forest change and promote forest management to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

关键词： Forest gain forest loss tree cover Africa spatio-temporal dynamic

The power of informal institutions:The impact of clan culture on the depression of the elderly in rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 1107-1118页

作者： LIU Xiao-hong WANG Wei-dong ZHANG Lin-xiu China Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China School of Economics and management Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China UN Environment-international ecosystem management partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101P.R.China Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China

Exploration of ways to improve the subjective welfare of residents is an important area of current academic *** data from the China Family Panel Studies survey conducted in 2010,this paper investigated the impact of clan culture on the mental health of elderly people in rural *** results demonstrated that clan culture can significantly decrease the depression score of the rural ***,there was no gender difference with respect to the impact of clan culture on the depression score of the *** the same time,the positive effects of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly have gradually weakened with economic *** of the mechanisms involved indicated that in areas with stronger clan culture,older people receive more social *** study enriches our understanding of the impact of informal institutions on the welfare of rural *** the same time,it can also provide a certain decisionmaking reference for the government to formulate relative poverty relief strategies in a new stage of poverty alleviation.

关键词： clan culture the elderly depression rural China social support

Ecological risk assessment of soil cadmium in China’s coastal economic development zone:a meta-analysis

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ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 139-150,138页

作者： Mingxing Sun Ting Wang Xiangbo Xu Linxiu Zhang Jing Li Yajuan Shi Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina UN Environment-international ecosystem management partnership(UNEP-IEMP) BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Institute of Loess Plateau Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina

The coastal area of China has faced major strategic planning and environmental pollution,including heavy metals *** study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of Cd pollution on the ecology in coastal areas of China.A soil Cd pollution database of 300 counties or districts in coastal areas was screened from academic dissertations and academic journal *** on the database,the ecological risk was evaluated using entropy methods and probabilistic ecological risk assessment(PERA),and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were *** China’s coastal areas,the soil Cd content in 10.33%of the counties was higher than the minimum of risk control value(1.5 mg/kg),and in 4.00%of the counties was higher than the maximum of risk control value(4.0 mg/kg).The ecological risks were highly compatible with national strategic planning *** Province,Zhejiang Province,and Guangdong Province ranked among the top three coastal areas for soil Cd contamination,and the ecological risks were 18.80%,17.89%,and 15.77%at the maximum no-effect concentration/lowest effect concentration(NOEC/LOEC)*** study can provide insights to policymakers regarding the protection of ecosystems threatened by heavy metals in the process of regional strategic planning.

关键词： Cadmium soil ecological risk coastal economic development zone