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Field evaluation of durum wheat landraces for prevailing abiotic and biotic stresses in highland rainfed regions of Iran

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The Crop Journal 2015年第5期3卷 423-433页

作者： Reza Mohammadi Behzad Sadeghzadeh Hasan Ahmadi Nowzar Bahrami Ahmed Amri dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) Center of Agricultural Research and Natural Resources international Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

Biotic and abiotic stresses are major limiting factors for high crop productivity worldwide. A landrace collection consisting of 380 durum wheat(Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) entries originating in several countries along with four check varieties were evaluated for biotic stresses:yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis Westendorf f. sp. tritici) and wheat stem sawfly(WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton(Hymenoptera: Cephidae), and abiotic stresses: cold and drought. The main objectives were to(i) quantify phenotypic diversity and identify variation in the durum wheat landraces for the different stresses and(ii) characterize the agronomic profiles of landraces in reaction to the stresses. Significant changes in reactions of landraces to stresses were *** resistant to each stress were identified and agronomically *** reduction due to the stresses varied from 11.4%(yellow rust) to 21.6%(cold stress) for 1000-kernel weight(TKW) and from 19.9(yellow rust) to 91.9%(cold stress) for grain yield. Landraces from Asia and Europe showed enhanced genetic potential for both grain yield and cold tolerance under highland rainfed conditions of Iran. The findings showed that TKW and yield productivity could be used to assess the response of durum wheat landraces to different stresses. In conclusion, landraces showed high levels of resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, and selected landraces can serve in durum wheat breeding for adaptation to cold and drought-prone environments.

关键词： Durum wheat Landraces Biotic and abiotic stresses

Rank correlation among different statistical models in ranking of winter wheat genotypes'

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The Crop Journal 2014年第Z1期2卷 154-163页

作者： Mozaffar Roostaei Reza Mohammadi Ahmed Amri dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) international Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

Several statistical methods have been developed for analyzing genotype×environment(GE)interactions in crop breeding programs to identify genotypes with high yield and stability *** statistical methods,including joint regression analysis(JRA),additive mean effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)analysis,genotype plus GE interaction(GGE)biplot analysis,and yield–stability(YSi)statistic were used to evaluate GE interaction in20 winter wheat genotypes grown in 24 environments in *** main objective was to evaluate the rank correlations among the four statistical methods in genotype rankings for yield,stability and yield–*** kinds of genotypic ranks(yield ranks,stability ranks,and yield–stability ranks)were determined with each *** results indicated the presence of GE interaction,suggesting the need for stability *** respect to yield,the genotype rankings by the GGE biplot and AMMI analysis were significantly correlated(P<0.01).For stability ranking,the rank correlations ranged from 0.53(GGE–YSi;P<0.05)to0.97(JRA–YSi;P<0.01).AMMI distance(AMMID)was highly correlated(P<0.01)with variance of regression deviation(S2di)in JRA(r=0.83)and Shukla stability variance(σ2)in YSi(r=0.86),indicating that these stability indices can be used *** correlation was found between yield ranks and stability ranks(AMMID,S2di,σ2,and GGE stability index),indicating that they measure static stability and accordingly could be used if selection is based primarily on *** yield–stability,rank correlation coefficients among the statistical methods varied from 0.64(JRA–YSi;P<0.01)to 0.89(AMMI–YSi;P<0.01),indicating that AMMI and YSi were closely associated in the genotype ranking for integrating yield with stability *** on the results,it can be concluded that YSi was closely correlated with(i)JRA in ranking genotypes for stability and(ii)AMMI for integrating yield and stability.

关键词： GE interaction Statistical models Rank correlation Winter wheat

Interpreting genotype × environment interactions for grain yield of rainfed durum wheat in Iran

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The Crop Journal 2015年第6期3卷 526-535页

作者： Reza Mohammadi Ezatollah Farshadfar Ahmed Amri Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources Razi University dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) AREEO Sararood branch international Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

Clustering genotype × environment(GE) interactions and understanding the causes of GE interactions are among the most important tasks in crop breeding programs. Pattern analysis(cluster and ordination techniques) was applied to analyze GE interactions for grain yield of 24 durum wheat(Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes(breeding lines and old and new cultivars) along with a popular bread wheat(Triticum aestivum) cultivar grown in 21 different rainfed environments during the 2010–2013 cropping seasons. To investigate the causes of GE interaction, several genotypic and environmental covariables were used. In a combined ANOVA, environment was the predominant source of variation,accounting for 81.2% of the total sum of squares(TSS), and the remaining TSS due to the GE interaction effect was almost seven times that of the genetic effect. Cluster analysis separated the environments into four groups with similar discriminating ability among genotypes, and genotypes into five groups with similar patterns in yield *** analysis confirmed two major environmental clusters(cold and warm), and allowed the discrimination and characterization of genotype adaptation. Within the cold-environment cluster, several subclusters were identified. The breeding lines were most adapted to moderate and warm environments, whereas the old varieties were adapted to cold environments. The results indicated that winter rainfall and plant height were among the environmental and genotypic covariables, respectively, that contributed most to GE interaction for grain yield in rainfed durum wheat.

关键词： Durum wheat Classification Ordination analysis Environmental covariables

How Africa Is Promoting Agricultural Innovations and Technologies amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Molecular Plant 2020年第10期13卷 1345-1346页

作者： Angela Joseph Fernando consultant-The Alliance of Bioversity international and CIAT Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraApartado Aéreo 6713763537 CaliColombia

The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on Africa's Agribusiness *** of households whose livelihoods depend on farming are facing a huge food *** mitigate these effects,the African Agricultural Technology Foundation(AATF)gathered a panel of renowned agricultural experts through an interactive webinar themed"Promotion of Agricultural Technologies and Innovations for Agri-Business Resilience in Africa in the Wake of COVID-19",the first in a series of several interactive seminars to be held virtually until the end of December *** seminars will focus on several topics specific to agricultural transformation,which revolve around smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)and aim to help them come out of the cataclysmic effect of COVID-19 and recover their business and livelihoods.

关键词： Agricultural Africa interactive

Coastal morphological modeling to assess the dynamics of Arklow Bank, Ireland

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international Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第3期24卷 299-314页

作者： J. K. PANIGRAHI P. N. ANANTH P. A. UMESH Senior Engineering consultant L & T-RAMBOLL Consulting Engineers Limited Senior Project consultant L & T-RAMBOLL Engineering consultant L & T-RAMBOLL

A numerical modeling and simulation experiment is carried out to assess the sediment dynamics of Arklow Bank, Ireland. To meet a requirement for favorable site selection to establish windmills on the bank, the long-term morphological changes of the coast are studied using the CAMS (Coastal Area Morphological Shell) model of the Mike-21 suite of programs. The morphological modeling of the bank was accomplished by pursuing a probabilistic approach for the observed tide and wave characteristics that contribute significantly to the sediment transport processes over the bank. A series of simulations are performed using Mike-21 NSW (Nearshore Spectral Wind-Wave), HD (Hydrodynamic), and ST (Sand Transport) models to establish the coastal hydraulics parameters. The results of the morphological modeling showed that generally the bank is dynamically stable with most areas of the bank having average bed level changes on the order of ±8 cm/day.

关键词： Morphodynamics Sediment transport CAMS Bed-level change Sand banks

A review of global initiatives to fight antibiotic resistance and recent antibiotics' discovery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第6期6卷 552-556页

作者： Arpana Sagwal Chaudhary Intellectual Property consultant Life Sciences

Data from across the world have shown an overall decline in the antibiotic pipeline and continually rising resistance to all first-line and last-resort antibiotics. The gaps in our knowledge of existing prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance(ABR) are all too well known. Several decades of antibiotic abuse in humans, animals, and agricultural practices have created health emergency situations and huge socio-economic impact. This paper discusses key findings of the studies conducted by several national and international collaborative organizations on the current state of affairs in ***, a brief overview of the antibacterial agents' discovery in recent years approved by the US FDA is discussed.

关键词： Antibiotic drug resistance Antibacterial drug resistance Antimicrobial drugs

Improving Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Crop Varieties in the North China Plain: Review and Analysis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1243-1250页

作者： MEI Xu-rong ZHONG Xiu-li Vadez Vincent LIU Xiao-ying Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops/Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture international Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

The North China Plain （NCP）, one of the most important agricultural regions in China, is facing a major water-resource crisis evoked by excessive exploitation of groundwater. To reduce water use while maintaining high crop production level, improving variety water use efficiency （WUE） is an urgent need, especially because other water-saving measures such as water delivery, irrigation, and agricultural practices have already achieved most possible progresses. Evaluation of variety WUE can be performed accurately at the individual plant level （WUEp）. Reviewing the studies on physiological factors affecting WUE p performed up to date, stomatal conductance was considered to be an important trait associating closely with WUE p . The trait showed a large degree of varietal variability under well-watered conditions. Crop varieties differ highly in sensitivity of stomata to soil and air drying, with some varieties strongly reducing their stomatal conductance in contrast with those lightly regulating their stomata. As a result, difference among varieties in WUE p was enlarged under water deficit conditions in contrast with those under well-watered conditions. The relationship between stomatal conductance and yield depends on water availability of whole growing period in local areas. Usually, large stomatal conductance results in a high yield under good irrigation system, whereas a low stomatal conductance can lead to yield benefit under limited stored soil moisture conditions. In the NCP, winter wheat is the largest consumer of irrigation water, improvement strategies for high WUE aiming at wheat crops are in urgent need. We suggest, for the well-irrigated areas with excessive exploitation of groundwater, the wheat breeding program need to combine medium stomatal conductance （0.35 mmol H2O m-2 s-1 or so）, high carboxylation efficiency, and high harvest index. Areas with partial/full access to irrigation, or infrequent drought, should target wheat varieties with high stomatal

关键词： water use efficiency yield stomatal conductance water deficit

Evaluation of rainwater harvesting and shrub establishment methods for sustainable watershed management in northern Afghanistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2346-2359页

作者： LOUHAICHI Mounir HASSAN Sawsan GAMOUN Mouldi SAFI Navin ABDALLAH Mohamed A.B. ATES Serkan international Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) Tunis 1004Tunisia Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA international Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) Amman 11185Jordan consultant-Field Assistant Mazar Sharif 1703Afghanistan

Watershed rangelands in Northern Afghanistan provide various ecosystem services that support the local people's livelihoods,but they are now highly degraded essentially due to the continuous high grazing pressure and recurrent *** of shrub establishment method enhanced by water harvesting techniques to rehabilitate degraded rangelands have not been well *** main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of direct seeding and transplanting of seedlings in combination with semi-circular bunds on growth,yield,and survival rate of four shrub species(Atriplex halimus,Atriplex nummularia,Atriplex lentiformis,andMaireana brevifolia)under semi-arid conditions of Sayyad village,Khulm *** rate(%),plant height,width,and plant length(cm)and plant cover(%)were measured for each plant over five occasions.A non-destructive reference unit was used to estimate biomass *** results showed that growth attributes and biomass production of shrubs were consistently greater in the transplanting compared to direct *** average,the plant length,width,height,volume,cover,and biomass production of transplanted shrubs were greater than direct-seeded shrubs by 24.3%,8.6%,8.7%,121.5%,13.8% and 34.1%,*** production of transplanted seedlings was the highest for ***(1313.5 g DM/plant)and ***(800 g DM/plant).There was a strong correlation between plant biomass production and plant volume(R^(2)_(Plant volume)=0.88)for the shrub ***,indicating that plant volume is a key variable for assessing biomass production for this ***,the survival rate of *** was 100% in both planting methods,suggesting that based on better survival this halophytic plant has great potential when restoring degraded ***,on the basis of better growth rates,yield,and survival,transplanting *** *** may enhance shrub establishment and contribute to the rehabilitation of slop

关键词： Biomass production Land degradation Rangeland rehabilitation Seed germination Shrub survival Vegetation cover Water harvesting

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Cycling in Beijing

China Today 2005年第2期54卷 38-39页

作者： TIM STONEY language consultant with China Radio international.

WANG Yudan has been riding his bicycle in Beijing for more than 40 years. He bought his first bike, one of China's famous Flying Pigeons, in 1963 when he was 18. Since then, in common with the millions of others in th... 详细信息

关键词：北京休闲方式自行车运动生活方式