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Effect of Maruca vitrata （Lepidoptera： Crambidae） host plants on life-history parameters of the parasitoid Apanteles taragamae （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 518-528页

作者： Elie A. Dannon Manuele Tamo Cvriaaue A qboton Arnold van Huis Marcel Dicke Facult des Sciences Agronomiques Universit d'Abomey-Calavi Cotonou international Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) BeninStation Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands

The effect of four host plant species of the herbivore Maruca vitrata Fabri- cius （Lepidoptera： Crambidae） on development time, longevity, fecundity and sex ratio of the parasitoid Apanteles taragamae Viereck （Hymenoptera： Braconidae） was investi- gated under laboratory conditions. The larvae were parasitized when in the second instar. Maruca vitrata larvae were fed with flowers of four legumes, that is, Vigna unguiculata （cowpea）, Sesbania rostrata, Lonchocarpus sericeus and Pterocarpus santalinoides, or an artificial diet both before and after parasitization. The parasitoid did not develop in hosts feeding on L. sericeus or E unguiculata at 25℃, or on P. santalinoides at 25℃ or 29℃. Apanteles taragamae had the shortest development time on artificial diet at both 25℃ and 29℃ while the longest development time was recorded on L. sericeus at 29℃. Female wasps took longer to develop compared to males at the two temperatures, regardless of the feeding substrate of their host. The longevity of the wasps at 25℃ varied among feeding substrates, but not at 29℃. Survival rate of parasitized larvae depends on the feeding sub- strate. Moreover, infection of host larvae with Maruca vitrata multi-nucleopolyhedrovirus （MaviMNPV） killed larger proportions of parasitized larvae at 25℃ than at 29℃, which was likely caused by the difference in parasitoid developmental rate. The proportion of female parasitoids was lowest on L. sericeus. The daily fecundity showed a nonlinear trend regardless of the feeding substrate, indicating that A. taragamae is a pro-ovigenic species. The data support the slow growth-high mortality hypothesis.

关键词： Apanteles taragamae artificial diet development feeding substrates hostplants Maruca vitrata nutritional quality

Insecticidal activity of the medicinal plant,Alstonia boonei De Wild,against Sesamia calamistis Hampson

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第10期8卷 752-755页

作者： OIGIANGBE Osawe Nathaniel IGBINOSA Igho Benjamin TAMO Manuele Department of Zoology Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma Edo State Nigeria international Institute of Tropical Agriculture Cotonou Station Cotonou Republic of Benin

The bioactivity of the aqueous extracts of the leaf and stem bark of the medicinal plant, Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocyanaceae), against the pink stalk borer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was studied in a laboratory bioassay. The extracts were incorporated into artificial diet at a rate of 0.0% (control), 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0% (w/w). Both extracts significantly (P<0.01) reduced larval survival and weight in a dose dependent manner. The concentrations that killed 50% of the larvae (LC50) for the stem bark extract were 2.8% and 2.1% at 10 and 20 DAI (days after introduction), respectively, while those for the leaves extract were 5.6% and 3.5%. The weights of the larvae also varied significantly (P<0.05) between the treatments in a dose dependent manner. We conclude that both leaf and stem bark extracts of A. boonei are toxic, used as growth inhibitors to S. calamistis larvae, and hold good promise for use as alternative crop protectants against S. calamistis.

关键词： Alstonia boonei Extract Sesamia calamistis Toxicity Growth inhibitors

Hepatitis D in Patients Infected with Hepatitis B Virus in cotonou:Characteristics and Risk Factors

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第2期10卷 31-44页

作者： Aboudou Raimi Kpossou Frédéric Sogbo Alexandra Marilyn Oloukèmi Zomahoun Khadidjatou Sake Alassan Rodolph Koffi Vignon Comlan N’déhougbèa Martin Sokpon Fadel Sourokou Jean Séhonou Nicolas Kodjoh Dissou Affolabi Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi(UAC)Abomey-CalaviBenin National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga(CNHU-HKM) CotonouBenin Department of Internal Medicine University and Departmental Hospital of BorgouParakouBenin international clinic of cotonou aupiais CotonouBenin National Hepatitis Control Program Ministry of HealthCotonouBenin

Introduction: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The purpose of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological characteristics of HBV/HDV co-infection and the factors associated with this co-infection in cotonou. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with prospective data collection. It took place from June to October 2016 at CNHU/HKM and the Atinkanmey Polyclinic in cotonou. Subjects over 15 years of age with HBsAg and untreated for hepatitis were included consecutively. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological characteristics were collected for each patient using only a standardized questionnaire. Then, a blood sample was taken for the determination of anti-HDV antibodies as well as the viral load of HBV. Results: A total of 156 subjects were included, predominantly male (sex-ratio = 2), and of median age 36 years. The majority were monogamous married (50%) or single (41.7%), and were from south of Benin (84.6%). Most subjects were asymptomatic (49.4%). The prevalence of total HDV antibodies was 3.9% (6/156). In subjects with total HDV antibodies, the prevalence of HDV IgM was 33.3%. Origin in northern Benin appears to be a risk factor for HDV infection (p = 0.042). Similarly, married subjects were statistically more infected with HDV than unmarried subjects (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence of HDV infection varies according to the origin of the patients and their marital status.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis B Viral Hepatitis D Prevalence Associated Factors

Long-term seasonal fluctuations of lepidopteran cereal stemborers and their natural enemies on maize and wild host plants in southern Benin

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Insect Science 2009年第4期16卷 329-341页

作者： Saka Gounou Nanqing Jiang Fritz Schulthess international Institute of Tropical Agriculture Biological Control Centre for Africa Cotonou Repubfic of Benin Intemational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi Kenya

The seasonal fluctuation oflepidoptcran cereal stemborers on maize and wild host plants （i.e., grasses and a few sedges） was investigated in southern Benin from 1988 to 1998 by time series analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance （ANOVA）. In addition, a walk-in light trap was used to study the flight behavior of adult moths. On both cereals and grasses, the noctuid Sesamia calaraistis was the predominant species, followed by the pyralid Eldana saccharina. The noctuid Busseolafusca was rare on both maize and wild host plants. In general, pest populations increased during the course of the year to reach peak densities during the second short rainy season, and then crashed to close to zero during the dry season. On wild host plants, egg masses and other immature stages were collected throughout the year but they were higher on wild grasses than maize during the off-season. Thus wild host plants can be considered as refuge for both borers and natural enemies during the off-season, when maize is not available. However, only four out of the eleven wild host species played a discernable role. S. calamistis egg densities appeared to be influenced by density-dependent factors, suggesting an effect of natural enemies. Temperature and rainfall had a negative effect on egg abundance. Larval parasitism by a Kenyan strain of the braconid Cotesia sesamiae, which was released in southern Benin in the early 1990s, and by the tachinid Sturmiopsisparasitica varied between seasons and years but there were no discernable patterns. For both parasitoids and borer host species, parasitism was positively correlated with trap catches of adult moths. The recovery of C. sesamiae during a 2-year period suggests that the parasitoid has established its population in southern Benin.

关键词： climate lepidopteran stemborers maize parasitoids time series analysis wild host plants

Femoral neck stress fracture and medial tibial stress syndrome following high intensity interval training: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8323-8329页

作者： Dawn Suwanie Tan Fiona Millicent Cheung Dekai Ng Tin Lung Alan Cheung Department of Orthopaedic Surgery International Orthopaedic ClinicSingapore329563Singapore

BACKGROUND Femoral and tibial stress injuries are commonly found in long distance running *** fractures have rarely been reported in athletes performing high intensity interval training(HIIT)*** objective of this study was to report a case of a patient who presented with medial tibial stress syndrome and femoral neck stress fracture after performing HIIT *** SUMMARY A 26 year old female presented with bilateral medial tibial *** had been performing HIIT exercise for 45 min,five times weekly,for a seven month *** tibial pain was gradual in onset,and was now severe and worse on exercise,despite six weeks of *** resonance imaging(MRI)revealed bilateral medial tibial stress *** she was taking norethisterone for birth control,a dual energy X-ray absorbitometry scan was performed which demonstrated normal bone mineral density of her lumbar spine and femoral *** was managed conservatively with analgesia and physiotherapy,but continued to exercise against medical *** presented again six months later with severe right hip *** of her right hip demonstrated an incomplete stress fracture of her subtrochanteric *** symptoms resolved with strict rest and *** HIIT may cause stress injury of the tibia and femur in young individuals.

关键词： High intensity interval training Medial tibial stress syndrome Femoral neck stress fracture Exercise Fracture Case report

Epidemiological and clinical Features of Diabetic Foot in cotonou

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2015年第3期5卷 173-180页

作者： Annelie Kerekou Hode Francois Djrolo Daniel Amoussou-Guenou University clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism CNHU/HKM cotonou University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin

This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted from 1 July 2006 to 31 July 2011 and carried on 122 cases of diabetic foot collected a total of 706 diabetic patients hospitalized over a period of 5 years. Objective: To study the characteristics of diabetic feet in cotonou. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.05 years ± 10.65 years, ranging from 35 years to 70 years. The sex ratio was 1.5. Duration of diabetes before the onset of diabetic foot was 11 years. The overall prevalence of diabetic foot was 21.53%. Of these, 95% had neuropathy, 70.40% had arterial disease and all had a foot infection. The amputation rate was 31.96% and the mortality rate was 17.21%. Conclusion: The occurrence of diabetic foot is earlier than in the West, and hence there is a need for early treatment of diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic Foot Benin Africa

Influence of Excessive Weight Gain on Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality in a University Hospital Environment in cotonou

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022年第12期12卷 251-265页

作者： Annelie Kerekou Hode Justin Lewis Denakpo Hubert A. Dedjan Mohamed Dakin Oscar Hounguia University clinic of Endocrinology National Hospital and University Center HKM Cotonou Benin University clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics (CUGO)-HKM Cotonou Benin

Introduction: The pathologies associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy are numerous and frequent. They are the cause of significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and thus pose a real public health problem. Patients and method: The main objective of our work was to study the influence of excessive weight gain on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in a university hospital in cotonou. Study method: The study took place at the CUGO. This was a descriptive and analytical study with retrospective data collection over a period of 10 years from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. The analysis focused on the description of pregnant women and the search for factors associated with an excessive weight gain during pregnancy and which influence maternal and perinatal prognosis. The different odds ratios and their confidence intervals were calculated. The significance level was 5%. Results: A total of 690 pregnant women were included and divided into four sub-populations according to their pre-gestational or first trimester BMI: 05.94% underweight pregnant women, 41.74% normal BMI pregnant women, 28.55% of overweight pregnant women and 23.77% obese pregnant women. The average age of pregnant women was 30.41 years ± 5.40 years. They were civil servants (35.80%) and resided in cotonou in 93.91% of cases. Pregnant women had a history of hypertension in nearly 3% of cases. Pregnancy hypertension (07.97%) was the main pathology associated with pregnancy in our study. Weight gain was excessive in overweight pregnant women and obese pregnant women in the same proportion 41.12%. The average weight gain was 9.42 kg for underweight pregnant women, 8.35 kg for pregnant women with a normal BMI, 8.46 kg for overweight pregnant women and 7.45 kg for obese pregnant women. Pregnant women who had gained excessive weight during pregnancy had a 9 times higher risk of having pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR = 9.5 and p ≤ 0.0001). They also presented a 6

关键词： Pregnancy Weight Nutrition Morbidity Motatlity

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases to the National Teaching Hospital “HKM” of cotonou

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2015年第3期5卷 155-163页

作者： Annelie Kerekou-Hode Stephane Dismand Houinato Mylidia Bocovo Daniel Amoussou-Guenou Francois Djrolo University clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of cotonou University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Neurology Unit of cotonou University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Internal Medicine Unit of cotonou University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin

Background: In 2008 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 63% of deaths worldwide and 80% of these deaths occurred in developing countries. Four of them were responsible for more than 80% of mortality from NCDs, which were cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. They shared the same risk factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of NCD risk factors in patients admitted to consult in the outpatient unit of the National Teaching Hospital of cotonou. Patients and Methods: This was a transversal, descriptive and analytical study which took place from 15 June 2011 to 16 September 2011. It focused on 1000 subjects found after a recruitment of all patients coming to consult during the study period. The collection technique was a questionnaire followed by physical measures (weight, height, blood pressure and waist) and biological measures (fasting glucose and cholesterol). The data were analyzed with the software Epi-3.3.2 info. Results: The mainly prevalent behavioural risk factors were smoking (10.2%), alcohol consumption (60.3%), insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (84.2%), and physical inactivity (57.6%). The prevalent physical risk factors were hypertension (47.4%), obesity (27.5%), and overweight (35.3%). The prevalent biological risk factors were diabetes (28.5%), and hypercholesterolemia (10.4%). The level of cardiovascular risk was higher than 40% in 81 people (8.1%). Conclusion: This study shows the importance of risk factors for NCDs in outpatient Unit in the National Teaching Hospital of cotonou.

关键词： Prevalence Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors Benin

Prevalence of the Functional Dyspepsia and Associated Factors in the Chronic Hemodialysis Patients of the National Teaching Hospital “HKM” of cotonou

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第1期5卷 14-24页

作者： Jean Jacques Sehonou Jacques Vigan Bruno Léopold Agboton Gbètondji Michel Massi University clinic of Internal Medicine of the National Teaching Hospital “Hubert K Maga” (CNHU-HKM) Cotonou Benin University clinic of Nephrology and Hemodialysis of the National Teaching Hospital “HKM” of cotonou Cotonou Benin

Aim: To study the functional dyspepsia in chronic hemodialysis patients of CNHU-HKM of cotonou. Methods: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study ran from 1 September 2013 to 28 February 2014 in the University clinic of Nephrology Dialysis of CNHU-HKM of cotonou. It included all chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis for at least 9 months prior to the survey. After identifying the patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders, we had submitted to clinical Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia. Upper endoscopy was performed in patients with clinical criteria of functional dyspepsia. clinical factors associated, paraclinical and therapeutic were sought by logistic regression in univariate analysis. Data were analyzed using EPI DATA version 3.1. Results: 1) One hundred and thirty-one haemodialysis patients had participated in the study (sex ratio: 1.5, average age 49.6 ± 12.4 years). 2) The prevalence was 71.8% for upper gastrointestinal disorders, 64.9% for dyspeptic syndrome and 1.5% for functional dyspepsia. 3) They were associated to clinical criteria of functional dyspepsia of Roma III, the presence of high blood pressure, hypocalcaemia, treatment with calcic inhibitors and iron supplementation. Conclusion: Functional dyspepsia is uncommon in hemodialysis. The search of an organic cause is imperative for every dyspepsia.

关键词： Benin Chronic Haemodialysis Functional Dyspepsia Dyspepsia Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders