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The detection,extraction and parameter estimation of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals with deep learning

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 82-92页

作者： Qianyun Yun Wen-Biao Han Yi-Yang Guo He Wang Minghui Du Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310124China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe(Beijing/Hangzhou) University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Lanzhou center for theoretical physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu ProvinceKey Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoELanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of theoretical physics&Research center of Gravitation Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China international Centre for theoretical physics asia-pacific(ictp-ap) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China center for Gravitational Wave Experiment National Microgravity LaboratoryInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

One of the primary goals of space-borne gravitational wave detectors is to detect and analyze extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EM-RIs).This task is particularly challenging because EMRI signals are complex,lengthy,and *** this work,we introduce a 2-layer convolutional neural network(CNN)approach to detect EMRI signals for space-borne detectors,achieving a true positive rate(TPR)of 96.9%at a 1%false positive rate(FPR)for signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)from 50 to ***,the key intrinsic parameters of EMRIs such as the mass,spin of the supermassive black hole(SMBH)and the initial eccentricity of the orbit can also be inferred directly by employing a neural *** mass and spin of the SMBH can be determined at 99%and 92%*** will greatly reduce the parameter spaces and computing cost for the following Bayesian parameter *** model also has a low dependency on the accuracy of the waveform *** study underscores the potential of deep learning methods in EMRI data analysis,enabling the rapid detection of EMRI signals and efficient parameter estimation.

关键词： gravitational wave EMRIs deep-learing

Tetrahedron constellation of gravitational wave observatory

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 86-93页

作者： Hong-Bo Jin Cong-Feng Qiao National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China international Centre for theoretical physics asia-pacific University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

For the first time,we have introduced the tetrahedron constellation of gravitational wave observatory(TEGO)composed of four identical spacecrafts(S/Cs).The laser telescopes and their pointing structures are mounted on the S/C platform and are evenly distributed at three locations 120 degrees *** structures form automatically a stable mass center for the *** time delay interferometry(TDI)is used to suppress the frequency noise of gravitational wave(GW)*** unequal-arm Michelson TDI configuration and the Sagnac TDI configuration are equally effective at eliminating the laser frequency noise based on the TEGO ***,compared with the configurations of LISA,Taiji,and Tian Qin,the TEGO has more combinations of optical paths in its TDI system sensitive to GW *** six arms of TEGO are simultaneously sensitive to the six polarization modes of *** sensitivity implies that GW modes beyond the predictions of general relativity(GR)can be detected *** instance,a scalar longitudinal mode of GWs,which is not predicted by GR,has been identified as a dominant polarization *** mode is found to be evident in the response amplitudes of the TEGO arms,such as between S/C1 and S/C4,and S/C3 and S/C4,at certain orbital positions.

关键词： gravitational wave detectors and experiments gravitational waves experimental tests of gravitational theories experimental studies of gravity

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Sky location of massive black hole binaries in the foreground of Galactic white dwarf binaries

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 93-104页

作者： Pan Guo Hong-Bo Jin Cong-Feng Qiao Yue-Liang Wu The international Centre for theoretical physics asia-pacific University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of theoretical physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

For space-based gravitational wave(GW)detection,the main noise source for massive black hole binaries(MBHBs)is attributed to approximately 107 double white dwarf binaries in the *** a GW source,the amplitude of the detector response,recorded by a space-based gravitational wave detector,exhibits a modulation effect with a year period when observing the source from various orbital *** the adverse conditions mentioned above,where there is a strong foreground noise and annual modulation in the signals,we employed the wavelet transform and the strong-amplitude relevant orbital position search methods,which allows the weak MBHB sources to achieve higher locating *** detail,for two MBHB sources of lower intensity,the precision of luminosity distance,represented by the ratioΔD_(L)/D_(L) at the 95%confidence level,is enhanced by factors of∼*** angular resolutions,denoted byΔΩs,are enhanced by a factor of∼*** improvements increase the number of detectable GW sources,facilitate multi-messenger follow-up observations and provide constraints on the cosmological constant.

关键词： space-based gravitational wave detection gravitational waves massive black hole binaries

Fixing three dimensional geometries from entanglement entropies of CFT2

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Chinese physics C 2025年第02期 213-223页

作者：王鹏伍厚文杨海棠 center for theoretical physics Sichuan University

In this paper, we propose a method of fixing the leading behaviors of three dimensional geometries from the dual CFT2entanglement entropies. We employ only the holographic principle and do not use any assumption about the AdS/CFT correspondence and bulk geometry. Our strategy involves using both UV and IR-like CFT2entanglement entropies to fix the bulk geodesics. With a simple trick, the metric can be extracted from the *** examples, we fix the leading behaviors of the pure AdS3metric from the entanglement entropies of free CFT2and, more importantly, the BTZ black hole from the entanglement entropies of finite temperature CFT2. Consequently, CFT2with finite size or topological defects can be determined through simple transformations. Following the same steps, in principle, the leading behaviors of all three dimensional（topologically distinct） holographic classical geometries from the dual CFT2entanglement entropies can be fixed.

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Establishing the vector-meson-exchange dominance for the short range interactions of light quarks

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期68卷 190-191页

作者： Bing-Song Zou Department of physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China CAS Key Laboratory of theoretical physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of physics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Southern center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHuizhou516000China

Understanding the interactions between constituent quarks is one of the fundamental and challenging problems in hadron *** present,the constituent quark models have achieved great success in describing the properties of hadrons,whereas some long-standing disputes remain,especially for the short range interactions between constituent *** exploring the dynamic mechanism between u/d quarks,it is found that the one gluon exchange and/or vector meson exchange induced interactions may dominate the short range interactions[1].

关键词： quark exchange meson

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Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 67-74页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang center for theoretical physics and College of physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China CAS Key Laboratory of theoretical physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Fundamental physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Hangzhou 310024China theoretical physics Division Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China Max Planck Institute for Gravitational physics(Albert Einstein Institute) Am Muhlenberg 1Golm 14476Germany

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition,yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT)left *** specific baryon chemical poten-tial,the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon ***,therefore,provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs)within the standard model of particle *** these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA)observations,the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained,and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

Decision making module based on stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 198-205页

作者： Yifan Miao Li Zhao Yajun Zhang Zhe Yuan center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute for Nanoelectric Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Interdisciplinary center for theoretical physics and Information Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

In biological neural systems,noise is ubiquitous but does not affect the correct decisions made in the complex cognitive ***-making in biological neural system is typically achieved by accumulating input information over a period of *** by recent developments in neurosciences,we design a decision-making module based on spintronic devices,utilizing superparamagnetic tunnel junctions as artificial *** feasibility of this decision-making module is verified through circuit *** a multi-layer perceptron as an example,the module significantly improves the accuracy of the perceptron in the handwritten digit recognition ***,the spintronic decision-making module offers advantages over the conventional pooling methods,such as adaptive decision time,high performance and the absence of analog-to-digital *** decision-making module is flexible to be integrated into artificial neural networks and provides a general yet effective solution to enhance performance against device noise.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spintronics magnetic tunnel junction neural networks

Relativistic two-fluid hydrodynamics with quantized vorticity from the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation

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Communications in theoretical physics 2025年第2期77卷 161-171页

作者： Chi Xiong Kerson Huang Minjiang Collaborative center for theoretical physics Minjiang University Institute of Advanced Studies & School of Physical and Mathematical Science Nanyang Technological University physics Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge

We consider a relativistic two-fluid model of superfluidity, in which the superfluid is described by an order parameter that is a complex scalar field satisfying the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation(NLKG). The coupling to the normal fluid is introduced via a covariant current–current interaction, which results in the addition of an effective potential, whose imaginary part describes particle transfer between superfluid and normal fluid. Quantized vorticity arises in a class of singular solutions and the related vortex dynamics is incorporated in the modified NLKG,facilitating numerical analysis which is usually very complicated in the phenomenology of vortex filaments. The dual transformation to a string theory description(Kalb–Ramond) of quantum vorticity, the Magnus force, and the mutual friction between quantized vortices and normal fluid are also studied.

关键词： relativistic superfluidity nonlinear Klein-Gordon field theory quantized vortices two-fluid model Kalb-Ramond field global string

Holographic images of a charged black hole in Lorentz symmetry breaking massive gravity

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 59-72页

作者： Xiao-Xiong Zeng Li-Fang Li Pan Li Bo Liang Peng Xu College of physics and Electronic Engineering Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Department of Mechanics Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074.China center for Gravitational Wave Experiment National Microgravity LaboratoryInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Lanzhou center of theoretical physics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Using the AdS/CFT correspondence,this paper investigates the holographic images of a charged black hole within the context of Lorentz symmetry breaking massive *** photon rings,luminosity-deformed rings,or light points from various observational perspectives are *** also study the influences of both the chemical potential and temperature on the Einstein *** the previous work,which primarily examines the effect of chemical potential on ring radius at high temperatures and find no change in the radius with varying chemical potential,we also investigate the effect of chemical potential on the ring radius at low temperature besides at high *** findings indicate that at low temperatures,the photon ring radius decreases with increasing of chemical potential,while at high temperatures,the results are consistent with previous ***,we explore the impact of the model parameterλon the Einstein ring radius and find the the ring radius increases as the model parameterλ*** interestingly,for the large chemical potential,u=1,the temperature dependence of the photon ring radius is reversed forλ=2 andλ=***,for a small chemical potential u=0.1,the temperature dependence of the Einstein ring stays the same asλ=2 andλ=4.

关键词： AdS/CFT correspondence holographic images massive gravity black holes