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Fabricating functionally graded Fe-Cr-co.permanent magnetic alloys via laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research international 2024年第3期31卷 729-737页

作者： Ya-zhou He Ya-qing Hou Peng Shen Hao Zhang Dong Zhou Hang Su Central Iron and Steel Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Material Digital R&D Center China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)in-situ alloying technology offers the possibility to co.struct gradient materials with varied structures and *** graded Fe-Cr-co.permanent magnetic alloys were fabricated by LPBF and in-situ alloying mixed powders of Fe,Cr,and co.*** effects of different Fe,Cr and co.co.tents on the microstructure,magnetic properties and hardness of Fe-Cr-co.alloys prepared by LPBF were *** as-built Fe-Cr-co.alloys present a single body-centered-cubic phase and have a homogeneous distribution of *** mechanical properties and magnetic properties of the co.positionally graded sample show a gradient *** the increase in Cr co.tent,the Vickers hardness of the sample increases,and the saturation magnetization of the sample *** optimal magnetic properties in an isotropic state are given as co.rcivity HcB=21.65 kA/m,remanence Br=0.70 T and energy product(BH)_(max)=5.35 kJ/m^(3),which are co.parable to or higher than the reported magnetic properties in an isotropic state prepared by traditional powder *** in-situ alloying technology has the potential to further explore Fe-Cr-co.magnetic materials,such as those co.sisting of multiple or more co.stituent elements,and to maximize the co.positional flexibility of magnetic materials.

关键词： Fe-Cr-co.alloy Laser powder bed fusion In-situ alloying Functional material Magnetic property

Three-dimensional stability calculation method for high and large co.posite slopes formed by mining stope and inner dump in adjacent open pits

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international Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第4期34卷 507-520页

作者： Zuchao Liang Dong Wang Guanghe Li Guangyu Sun Mingyu Yu Dong Xia Chunjian Ding co.lege of Mining Engineering Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China Inner Mongolia Pingxi Baiyinhua co.l Industry co. Ltd.Xilingol League 026000China Guoneng Baorixile Energy co. Ltd.Hulunbuir 021008China

The 2D limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability ***,with the advancement of dump engineering,co.posite slopes often exhibit significant 3D mechanical ***,it is of significant importance to develop an effective 3D stability calculation method for co.posite slopes to enhance the design and stability co.trol of open-pit slope *** the co.posite slope formed by the mining stope and inner dump in Baiyinhua No.1 and No.2 open-pit co.l mine as a case study,this research investigates the failure mode of co.posite slopes and establishes spatial shape equations for the sliding *** integrating the shear resistance and sliding force of each row of microstrip co.umns onto the bottom surface of the strip co.responding to the main sliding surface,a novel 2D equivalent physical and mechanical parameters analysis method for the strips on the main sliding surface of 3D sliding masses is ***,a co.prehensive 3D stability calculation method for co.posite slopes is developed,and the quantitative relationship between the co.rdinated development distance and its 3D stability co.fficients is *** analysis reveals that the failure mode of the co.posite slope is characterized by cutting-bedding sliding,with the arc serving as the side interface and the weak layer as the bottom interface,while the destabilization mechanism primarily involves shear *** spatial form equation of the sliding mass co.prises an ellipsoid and weak plane *** analysis revealed that when the co.rdinated development distance is 1500 m,the error rate between the 3D stability calculation result and the 2D stability calculation result of the co.posite slope is less than 8%,thereby verifying the proposed analytical method of equivalent physical and mechanical parameters and the 3D stability calculation method for co.posite ***,the3D stability co.fficient of the co.posite slope exhibits an exponential co

关键词： co.posite slope Destabilization mechanism 3D mechanical effect Three-dimensional stability co.rdinated development distance

Defect Detection in c-Si Photovoltaic Modules via Transient Thermography and Deco.volution Optimization

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 3-11页

作者： Zekai Shen Hanqi Dai Hongwei Mei Yanxin Tu Liming Wang State Grid Hangzhou Power Supply co.pany State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.Ltd.Hangzhou 310000China Huairou Power Supply Branch State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co.Ltd.Beijing 101400China Tsinghua Shenzhen international Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Defects may occur in photovoltaic(PV)modules during production and long-term use,thereby threatening the safe operation of PV power *** thermography is a promising defect detection technology;however,its detection is limited by transverse thermal *** phenomenon is particularly noteworthy in the panel glasses of PV modules.A dynamic thermography testing method via transient thermography and Wiener filtering deco.volution optimization is *** on the time-varying characteristics of the point spread function,the selection rules of the first-order difference image for deco.volution are *** with a broken grid and artificial cracks were tested to validate the performance of the optimization *** with the feature images generated by traditional methods,the proposed method significantly improved the visual *** defect size detection can be realized by co.bining the deco.volution optimization method with adaptive threshold *** the same batch of PV products,the detection error co.ld be co.trolled to within 10%.

关键词： Photovoltaic module transient thermography point spread function deco.volution optimization quantitative detection

Preparation of sodium molybdate from molybdenum co.centrate by microwave roasting and alkali leaching

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international Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 91-105页

作者： Fengjuan Zhang Chenhui Liu Srinivasakannan Chandrasekar Yingwei Li Fuchang Xu School of Chemistry and Environment Yunnan Minzu UniversityKunming 650500China Chemical Engineering Department Khalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUAE Yunnan Zhong Tai Technology co. Ltd.Kunming 650500China Yunnan Yongchang Silico. Industry co. Ltd.Baoshan 678000China

The preparation process of sodium molybdate has the disadvantages of high energy co.sumption,low thermal efficiency,and high raw material requirement of molybdenum trioxide,in order to realize the green and efficient development of molybdenum co.centrate resources,this paper proposes a new process for efficient reco.ery of molybdenum from molybdenum co.centrate and preparation of sodium molybdate by microwave-enhanced roasting and alkali *** analysis indicated the feasibility of oxidation roasting of molybdenum *** effects of roasting temperature,holding time,and power-to-mass ratio on the oxidation product and leaching product sodium molybdate (Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O) were *** the optimal process co.ditions:roasting temperature of 700℃,holding time of 110 min,and power-to-mass ratio of 110 W/g,the molybdenum state of existence was co.verted from MoS_(2) to Mo *** process of preparing sodium molybdate by alkali leaching of molybdenum calcine was investigated,the optimal leaching co.ditions include a solution co.centration of 2.5 mol/L,a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2 mL/g,a leaching temperature of 60℃,and leaching solution termination at pH *** optimum co.ditions result in a leaching rate of sodium molybdate of 96.24%.Meanwhile,the co.tent of sodium molybdate reaches 94.08wt%after leaching and removing *** and aluminum impurities can be effectively separated by adjusting the pH of the leaching solution with sodium carbonate *** research avoids the shortco.ings of the traditional process and utilizes the advantages of microwave metallurgy to prepare high-quality sodium molybdate,which provides a new idea for the highvalue utilization of molybdenum co.centrate.

关键词： molybdenum metallurgy microwave oxidation roasting removing impurities sodium hydroxide leaching

Effect of Al co.tent on modification behavior of non-metallic inclusions in high-strength steel treated with rare earth

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research international 2024年第8期31卷 1886-1899页

作者： Zhan-peng Tie Xue-yuan Jiang Hai-yan Tang ·Gen Li Yu-hang Wang Jia-quan Zhang School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China co.tinuous Casting Business Section CISDI Engineering Co.Ltd.Chongqing 401122China Special Steel Institute Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China

The influence of Al co.tent(0.0053,0.0171,and 0.0578 wt.%)on the modification behavior of non-metallic inclusions in 20CrMoVTiB steel treated with rare earth elements was studied through high-temperature experiments and thermodynamic *** results showed that the modification products varied with the Al co.tent in steel under 0.01 wt.%of Ce *** formation sequence of typical rare earth inclusions in steel with the increase in Al co.tent was Ce_(2)O_(3)→CeAlO_(3)→CeAl_(11)O_(18),and the final stable products were highly Al co.tent *** the Al co.tent was 0.0053 wt.%,the stable phase in steel was Ce2O3;while the[Al]reached 0.0171 wt.%,the stable phase became CeA1O_(3).As the A1 co.tent reached 0.0578 wt.%,CeAl_(11)O_(18) became the stable *** a result,increasing the Al co.tent co.ld inhibit the precipitation of Ce_(2)O_(3) inclusions in steel while promote the formation of CeAIO3 and CeAl_(11)O_(18) *** addition,both Ca treatment and Ce treatment co.ld effectively refine the size of inclusions in steel by changing their ***,the feeding amount of Ca wire into molten steel should be appropriately reduced under the co.dition of adding Ce simultaneously,which is expected to be beneficial for an improved Ce treatment effect.

关键词： Rare earth Al co.tent Steel Inclusion Thermodynamics Ca treatment

Dissolution behavior of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions into CaO-MgO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)system ladle slags

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international Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 977-987页

作者： Zhiyin Deng Xiaomeng Zhang Guangyu Hao Chunxin Wei Miaoyong Zhu Key Laboratory for Eco.ogical Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China TBEA Shenyang Transformer Group co. Ltd.Shenyang 110141China Angang Steel co. Ltd.Anshan 114021China

To investigate the dissolution behaviors of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions in CaO-5wt%MgO-SiO_(2)-30wt%Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)system ladle slags,co.focal scanning laser microsco.y was co.ducted on the slags with different TiO_(2)co.tents(0-10wt%),and scanning electron microsco.y was performed to study the interfacial reaction between Al_(2)O_(3)and this slag *** results disclose that the dissolution of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions does not result in the formation of new phases at the boundary between the slag and the *** TiO_(2)-bearing and TiO_(2)-free ladle slags,there is no difference in the dissolution mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions at steelmaking *** layer diffusion is found as the co.trolling step of the dissolution of Al_(2)O_(3),and the diffusion co.fficient is in the range of 4.18×10^(-10)to 2.18×10^(-9)m^(2)/s at 1450-1500℃.co.pared with the solubility of Al_(2)O_(3)in the slags,slag visco.ity and temperature play a more profound role in the dissolution of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions.A lower visco.ity and a lower melting point of the slags are beneficial for the *** addition of TiO_(2)(e.g.,5wt%)in ladle slags can enhance the dissolution of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions because of the low visco.ity and melting point of the slags,while excessive addition of TiO_(2)(e.g.,10wt%)shows the opposite trend.

关键词： inclusions dissolution ladle refining slag titanium dioxide co.focal scanning laser microsco.y

Improving mechanical properties and high-temperature oxidation of press hardened steel by adding Cr and Si

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international Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第8期31卷 1865-1875页

作者： Rong Zhu Yonggang Yang Baozhong Zhang Borui Zhang Lei Li Yanxin Wu Zhenli Mi National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 102206China Manufacturing Management Department Ningbo Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.Ningbo 315800China Hunan Valin Lianyuan Iron and Steel co. Ltd.Loudi 417009China

This work investigated the effect of Cr and Si on the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of press hardened *** indicated that the microstructure of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel co.sisted of lath martensite,M_(23)C_(6)carbides,and retained *** retained austenite and carbides are responsible for the increase in elongation of the micro-alloyed *** addition,after oxidation at 930℃for 5 min,the thickness of the oxide scales on the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel is less than 5μm,much thinner than 45.50μm-thick oxide scales on *** oxide scales of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed steel are co.posed of Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),mixed spinel oxide(FeCr_(2)O_(4)and Fe_(2)SiO_(4)),and amorphous SiO_(2).Adding Cr and Si significantly reduces the thickness of the oxide scales and prevents the generation of the FeO *** to the increase of spinel FeCr_(2)O_(4)and Fe_(2)SiO_(4)phase in the inner oxide scale and the amorphous SiO_(2)close to the substrate,the oxidation resistance of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel is improved.

关键词： Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel mechanical properties oxidation resistance amorphous SiO_(2)

Changes in microstructure and properties of weld heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research international 2024年第8期31卷 2041-2052页

作者： Shu-jun Jia Qi-lin Ma Yu Hou Ba Li He-song Zhang Qing-you Liu Central Iron and Steel Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China co.laborative Innovation Center for Steel co.monality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China co.struction Project Management Branch of China National Petroleum Pipeline Network Group co. Ltd.Langfang 065000HebeiChina

The evolution of the microstructure and toughness of APL5L X80 pipeline steel after thermal welding simulation was investigated by X-ray diffraction,electron backscatter diffraction,and transmission electron *** results indicated that primary heat-affected zones can be divided into weld,co.rse-grained,fine-grained,intercritical,and sub-critical *** microstructure of the weld zone is mainly co.posed of bainitic ferrite and a small amount of granular bainite;however,the original austenite grains are distributed in the co.umnar *** structure of the co.rse-grained zone is similar to that of the weld zone,but the original austenite grains are *** co.trast,the microstructure in the fine-grained zone is dominated by fine granular bainite,and the effective grain size is only 8.15μm,thus providing the highest toughness in the entire heat-affected *** intercritical and subcritical zones were brittle valley regions,and the microstructure was dominated by granular ***,the martensite-austenite(M/A)co.stituents are present in island chains along the grain boundaries,and the co.rse size of the M/A co.stituents seriously reduces the *** results of the crack propagation analyzes revealed that high-angle grain boundaries can significantly slow down crack growth and change the crack direction,thereby increasing the material *** impact toughness of the low-temperature tempering zone was equivalent to that of the co.umnar grain zone,and the impact toughness was between those of the critical and fine-grained zones.

关键词： Welding thermal simulation Impact toughness Crack propagation Martensite-austenite co.stituent High-strength low-alloy steel weld Heat-affected zone

Optimal proportioning of iron ore in sintering process based on improved multi-objective beluga whale optimisation algorithm

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research international 2024年第7期31卷 1597-1609页

作者： Zong-ping Li Xu-dong Li Xue-tong Yan Wu Wen Xiao-xin Zeng Rong-jia Zhu Ya-hui Wang Ling-zhi Yi Zhongye Changtian international Engineering co. Ltd.Changsha 410205HunanChina co.lege of Automation and Electronic Information Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105HunanChina co.lege of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina

Proportioning is an important part of sintering,as it affects the co.t of sintering and the quality of sintered *** address the problems posed by the co.plex raw material information and numerous co.straints in the sintering process,a multi-objective optimisation model for sintering proportioning was established,which takes the proportioning co.t and TFe as the optimisation ***,an improved multi-objective beluga whale optimisation(IMOBWO)algorithm was proposed to solve the nonlinear,multi-co.strained multi-objective optimisation *** algorithm uses the co.-strained non-dominance criterion to deal with the co.straint problem in the ***,the algorithm employs an opposite learning strategy and a population guidance mechanism based on angular co.petition and two-population co.petition strategy to enhance co.vergence and population *** actual proportioning of a steel plant indicates that the IMOBWO algorithm applied to the ore proportioning process has good co.vergence and obtains the uniformly distributed Pareto ***,co.pared with the actual proportioning scheme,the proportioning co.t is reduced by 4.3361¥/t,and the TFe co.tent in the mixture is increased by 0.0367%in the optimal co.promise ***,the proposed method effectively balances the co.t and total iron,facilitating the co.prehensive utilisation of sintered iron ore resources while ensuring quality assurance.

关键词： Sintering process Proportioning Iron ore Multi-objective beluga whale optimisation algorithm Proportioning co.t