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Node ordinal encoded genetic algorithm for the optimal allocation of water resources

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Progress in Natural science:Materials international 2005年第5期15卷 448-452页

作者： YANG Xiaohua1*, YANG Zhifeng 1,2, SHEN Zhenyao1 and LI Jianqiang3(1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 2. Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment sciences Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 3. Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General institute, MWR, Beijing 100011, china) State Key Lab. of Water Environ. Simulation Sch. of Environ. Beijing Normal Univ. Beijing 100875 China Key Lab. for Water and Sediment Sci. Min. of Edu. Sch. of Environ. Beijing Normal Univ. Beijing 100875 China Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Inst. MWR Beijing 100011 China

A new method, node ordinal encoded genetic algorithm (NOEGA), is proposed for solving water resources optimal allocation problems, in which the capacity of water resources is split into a number of smaller parts so that successive operations can be overlapped. Our objective is to maximize the whole benefit function. To overcome the “dimensionality and algorithm complexity curse” while searching for solutions and looking for an optimal solution, the operations of one-point crossover operator, gene exchange operator, gene random operator, gene shift operator and node ordinal strings are established. It is proved to be an effective optimal method in searching for global solutions. The NOEGA does not need a diversity of initial population, and it does not have the problem of immature convergence. The results of two cases show that using NOEGA to solve the optimal allocation model is very efficient and robust. In addition, the algorithm complexity of NOEGA is discussed.

关键词： water resources optimal allocation node ordinal code genetic algorithm.

The Gulf Regional Cooperation after the Cold War

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2014年第1期8卷 100-120页

作者： WANG Bo YU Zhen Middle East Studies institute Shanghai International Studies University

The Gulf cooperation has gained new momentum after the end of the Cold War. However, it also faces various developing difficulties, including the low level of regional institutional cooperation and integration. The regional context of the regional cooperation in the Gulf region is composed by regional security, energy factors and monarchy form of government, in which regional security is the primary motivation which makes it possible for the co-existence in competition of two tendencies in this region: integration and division. The energy element is the most important reason for external powers’ involvement in the region as well as an important part in regional cooperation in the Gulf region. The monarchy is the key point to understand the relationship between the GCC and Iran and the geographical spillover of the GCC. These factors jointly shape the regional cooperation in the Gulf region.

关键词： Gulf Regional Cooperation Regional Security Energy Post-Cold War GCC

MONITORING THE IMPACT OF INFORMAL URBAN ENCROACHMENT OVER THE NILE DELTA ALLUVIUM USING REMOTE SENSING DATA

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MONITORING THE IMPACT OF INFORMAL URBAN ENCROACHMENT OVER TH...

亚洲精细农业与计算机农业应用联合大会

作者： Abdel Aziz S. Sheta Afify A. Afify Ashraf A. Mohamed Mohammed S. Abd-Elwahed Soil science Department Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shames University Egypt Soil Water and Environment Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre Giza Egypt

Urban expansion on the most productive agricultural lands in Egypt is one of the critical problems facing Egypt. Timely and accurate data is needed to allocate and monitor the urban encroachment areas in order to take the necessary action to regulate this catastrophic phenomenon. The use of satellite data is a promising data source that can be used for such urban encroachment to be projected. The study area is situated in the Nile Delta, covering the Districts （Markaz） Quesna in Menufeyah Governorate. Monitoring of urbanization was based on studying the urban pattern in 1985 and 2007 years by tracing these urban areas from cadastral maps of scale 1: 2500 and satellite SPOT4 data respectively. The study cleared that the urbanization encroachment, which is dominated by an informal pattern, denatured a unique alluvium, which is irrigated by a potential power of water flow "Land-River Nile Mode". Soil profiles of this valued alluvium were classified as highly suitable taxa in the deltaic alluvial plain as "Typic Haplotorrerts, clayey;in levees as "Typic Torriorthents, fine loamy";in point bars as "Typic Torriorthents, coarse loamy. The minor units of sub deltaic outcrops have moderately suitable taxa as "Typic Torriorthents, sandy". The sequent monitoring indicated that, the informal urbanization denatured about 2466.8 feddans （4.6 %） and 6841.5 feddans （12.7 %） of the total area （53833.9 feddans） in the year 1985 and 2007 respectively, losing 4374.7 feddans within a duration of 22 years. This loss has been rated as 199 feddans per year. The catching up encroachment over this alluvium was viewed as cropped-urbanized land pattern in the year 1985, which from economical concept must be a cropped-land pattern. This viewed cropped-urbanized land pattern has become more flurried in the year 2007. If this urbanization rate act ahead and ceaselessly continues, the integrated loss of the remaining cultivated soil will result in the inevitable entire loss of the study area which

关键词： Nile Delta urban encroachment physiography and soils

Encapsidating artificial human papillomavirus-16 mE7 protein in human papillomavirus-6b L1/L2 virus like particles

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Chinese Medical Journal 2007年第6期120卷 503-508页

作者： XU Yu-fei WANG Qing-yong ZHANG Hong-tao HAN Ye-hua SONG Guo-xing XU Xue-mei Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Laboratory of Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Lindsley E Kimball Research Institute New York Blood Centre 310 E 67th Street New York NY 10021 USA

Background Human papillomaviruses （HPVs） can infect squamous or mucosal epithelia and cause cervical cancer or genital warts. Coinfection with multiple HPV types is a common finding of many epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a vaccine, which can eradicate established HPV infections and prevent other HPV infections. In this study, we generated chimeric virus like particles （cVLPs） composed of HPV-6b L1, HPV-6b L2 and one artificial HPV-16 mE7 proteins. Methods The artificial HPV-16 mE7 gene was designed by codon modification, point mutation and gene shuffling then chemically synthesized and subcloned behind HPV-6b L2. HPV-6b L1 and L2-mE7 were expressed in insect cells by using Bac-to-Bac system. The generated cVLPs were purified by CsCI gradient ultracentrifuge and analyzed by immunoblot, electron microscope and haemagglutination assay. Results The HPV-6b L1 and L2-mE7 proteins were well expressed in insect cells and could selfassemble into cVLPs, whose diameter was about 55 nm and similar to that of HPV-6b L1/L2 VLPs. Intact cVLPs could be recognized by H6.M48 neutralizing monoclonal antibody and HPV-6b L2 polyclonal antibody, while the denatured cVLPs, but not the intact cVLPs, were reactive to HPV-16 E7 polyclonal antibody. HPV-6b LI/L2-mE7 cVLPs haemaggiutinated mouse erythrocytes as efficiently as HPV-6b L1/L2 VLPs did. Conclusions The insertion of the 158 amino acid HPV-16 mE7 protein behind L2 did not disrupt the correct assembling of cVLPs. The morphological characteristics and haemagglutinating activity of cVLPs were similar to those of HPV-6b LI/L2 VLPs. The cVLPs retained conformational B cell epitopes of HPV-6 VLPs and HPV-16 mE7 protein had an internal location in the cVLPs. Therefore, large modified E7 protein with higher immunogenicity could be incorporated into cVLPs by fusing to the C-terminus of L2, which would help to improve the therapeutic effects of LI/L2-E7 cVLPs.

关键词： human papillomavirus chimeric virus like particles cervical cancer vaccine

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The Crucial Factor of Non-point Pollution（N P） Controlling in Weihe River Basin——Study and Evaluation of Slow-Release Compound Fertilizer

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The Crucial Factor of Non-point Pollution（N P） Controlling...

2011 international Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection(ISWREP 2011)

作者： Liu Fangrong Guo Yan Zhao Pei He Yunhua Department of Environmental science and Engineering Chang'an University Department of Enviromental engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

ISBN: (纸本)9781612843377

Through the analysis of major pollution source in Weihe River basin,we found that agricultural non-point pollution（N P） is the main source of water pollution,and a large number of application of chemical fertilizers and the low utilization rate is the main cause of this ***,reducing application of agricultural fertilizers,increasing their utilization and decreasing the basin of N P emission are the crucial factors of pollution *** the views above,we analyzed the significance of Slow-Release compound Fertilizer application in relation to reducing non-point pollution emission,and also mainly studied the preparation mechanism and application development of slow-release materials.

关键词： non-point pollution super absorbent resin SlowRelease compound Fertilizer

Method for inferring the axis orientation of cylindrical magnetic flux rope based on single-point measurement

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Method for inferring the axis orientation of cylindrical mag...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2013年度（第13届）学术年会

作者： Z.J.Rong W.X.Wan C.Shen T.L.Zhang A.T.Y.Lui Yuming Wang M.W.Dunlop Y.C.Zhang Q.-G.Zong CAS Key Laboratory of Ionospheric Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Basic Plasma Physics Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Space Research institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMarylandUSA. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonDIDCOTOxfordshireUK Department of Geophysics Peking University

[1]We develop a new simple method for inferring the orientation of a magnetic flux rope,which is assumed to be a time-independent cylindrically symmetric structure via the direct single-point analysis of magnetic field *** model tests demonstrate that, for the cylindrical flux rope regardless of whether it is force-free or not,the method can consistently yield the axis orientation of the flux rope with higher accuracy and stability than the minimum variance analysis of the magnetic field and the Grad-Shafranov reconstruction ***,the radial distance to the axis center and the current density can also be estimated *** to two actual flux transfer events observed by the four satellites of the Cluster mission demonstrates that the method is more appropriate to be

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Zonal differences of runoff and sediment reduction effects for typical management small watersheds in china

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international Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第1期1卷 39-48页

作者： Qi Junyu Sun Liying Cai Qiangguo Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management at the University of New Brunswick 28 Dineen DriveFredericonNB E3B 6C2Canada Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

In this particular study,99 typical managed small watersheds which representing five water erosion areas in china were selected to study zonality of Runoff Reduction Efficiency(RRE)and of Sediment Reduction Efficiency(SRE).The RRE is the ratio of Effect of Runoff Reduction(ERR)by soil and water conservation measure over management degree in a *** The SRE is the ratio of Effect of Sediment Reduction(ESR)by soil and water conservation measure over management degree in a *** of ah,statistical analysis was applied to test the zonal effects of RRE and SRE between different water erosion *** results showed that the mean RRE values in northern regions were significantly greater than those of southern regions;and the mean SRE values in northern regions were significantly greater than those in southern ***,the variation of RRE with runoff depth(H)was studied in direction of both latitude and longitude across regions influenced by East Asian ***,the variation of SRE with specific sediment yield(Y)was studied in direction of both latitude and longitude across regions influenced by East Asian *** results showed that RRE had the inverse variation trend as H in both latitude and longitude direction and SRE had the same variation trend as Y in both latitude and longitude ***,the variation of unit management area Runoff Reduction Rate(RRR)with H and RRE was studied in direction of both latitude and *** the variation of unit management area Sediment Reduction Rate(SRR)with Y and SRE was studied in direction of both latitude and *** was found that RRR had the similar variation trend as H in latitude direction and there was critical point around 37°N greater than which RRR began to be equal to H or even larger;RRR had the similar variation trend as H in longitude direction and there was a critical point around 109°E lees than which RRR began to equal to or greater than H;SRR had the simil

关键词： Zonality Soil and water conservation Effects of runoff reduction Effects of sediment reduction

SiO_2 Solubility in Rutile at High Temperature and High Pressure

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2009年第2期20卷 274-283页

作者：任玉峰费英伟杨经绥白文吉 Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Land and Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of Washington

Silicon-bearing rutile has been found in chromitite from the Luobusa （罗布莎） ophiolite, Tibet. However, the extent of SiO2 solubility in rutile and the nature of its origin are still unclear. At high pressure, SiO2 takes a rutile structure with Si in 6-fold coordination. Thus, high pressures may enhance its solubility in rutile because of possible isovalent exchange in the octahedral site. In this study, we report new experimental results on SiO2 solubility in rutile up to 23 GPa and 2 000℃. Starting materials were mixtures of powdered pure rutile and pure quartz, with compositions of （Ti0.5Si0.5）O2, （Ti0.93Si0.07）O2, and （Ti0.75Si0.25）O2. The mixtures were loaded into either platinum capsules （for a 10/5 assembly） or rhenium capsules （for an 8/3 assembly）. The experiments were carried out using multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus with a rhenium resistance heater. Sample temperatures were measured with a W5%Re-W26%Re thermocouple and were controlled within ±1 ℃ of the set temperature. TiO2-rich and SiO2-rich phases were produced in all the quenched samples. Microprobe analyses of the phases show that the solubility of SiO2 in rutile increases with increasing pressure, from 1.5 wt.% SiO2 at 10 GPa to 3.8 wt.% SiO2 at 23 GPa at a temperature of 1 800 ℃. The solubility also increases with increasing temperature from 0.5 wt.% SiO2 at 1 500 ℃ to 4.5 wt.% SiO2 at 2 000 ℃ at a pressure of 18 GPa. On the other hand, the solubility of TiO2 in coesite or stishovite is very limited, with an average of 0.6 wt.% TiO2 over the experimental P-T ranges. Temperature has a much larger effect on the solubility of SiO2 in ruffle than pressure. At high pressure, the melting point of SiO2 is definitely higher than that of TiO2 and the eutectic point moves towards SiO2 in the TiO2-SiO2 system. Lower oxygen fugacity decreases the solubility of SiO2 in ruffle, whereas water has little effect on the solubility. Our experimental data are extremely useful for determining the depth of origin of t

关键词： ruffle stishovite coesite polymorph high temperature and high pressure experiment.

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Cloud point Extraction Using Triton X-100 at Low Temperature for Trace Analysis of Silver in Sediment and Environmental Water with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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Cloud Point Extraction Using Triton X-100 at Low Temperature...

The 4th international Conference on Environmental Technology and Knowledge Transfer

作者： XIE Fazhi ZHANG Fengjun XUAN Han GE Yejun ZHU Peng TANG Zhi School of materials science and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Architecture School of civil Engineering and Architecture Nanchang University Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

N-octanol can dramatically decrease the cloud point of Triton X-100,a new and simple cloud point extraction（CPE）method using rhodanine as chelating agent for the preconcentration of trace level silver and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry（FAAS） was *** effect of different experimental conditions on the extraction of silver from aqueous solutions was *** result showed that the cloud point of surfactant can decreased from 65 C to 36 C by adding 1.2ml *** optimum conditions（pH range 3.0-5.0,0.5ml 0.5mol/L rhodanine,2.0ml 10%Triton X-100,equilibrium temperature:40 C,equilibrium time:30min）.The limit of detection was 0.18μg/L（3a） for silver and the preconcentration factor could be as high as *** results of standard reference sediment analysis indicated the accuracy and sensitivity of the *** proposed method was applied to the determination of trace silver in sediment and environmental water samples with expected result.

关键词： silver low temperature cloud point extraction n-octanol FAAS