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A systematic review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West Africa

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 13-25页

作者： Camillus Abawiera WONGNAA Alex Amoah SEYRAM Suresh BABU Department of Agricultural economics Agribusiness and ExtensionKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi00233Ghana international Food Policy Research Institute Washington20005USA

Climate change studies are diverse with no single study giving a comprehensive review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West *** unavailability of an all-inclusive study to serve as a guide for practitioners affects the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies proposed and adopted in the West African *** purpose of this study was to review the impacts of climate change risks on the crop,fishery,and livestock sectors,as well as the climate change adaptation strategies and climate-related policies aimed at helping to build resilient agricultural production systems in West *** review process followed a series of rigorous stages until the final selection of 56 articles published from 2009 to ***,the results highlighted the adverse effects of climate change risks on food *** found a continuous decline in food crop ***,the livestock sector experienced morbidity and mortality,as well as reduction in meat and milk *** fishery sector recorded loss of fingerlings,reduction in fish stocks,and destruction of mariculture and *** West Africa,climate-smart agriculture technologies,physical protection of fishing,and inclusion of gender perspectives in programs appear to be the major adaptation *** study therefore recommends the inclusion of ecosystem and biodiversity restoration,weather insurance,replacement of unsafe vessels,and strengthening gender equality in all climate change mitigation programs,as these will help to secure enough food for present and future generations.

关键词： Climate change Climate extreme events Food security Adaptation strategies Climate-smart agriculture West Africa

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Tapping Into More

Beijing Review 2024年第7期67卷 24-25页

作者： Zhou Mi Institute of American and Oceanian Studies of the Chinese Academy of international trade Economic Cooperation under the Ministry of Commerce

As one of the world's major markets,China has attracted investment from a wide range of transnational corporations by lowering market access thresholds and providing investment facilitation through the country's commi... 详细信息

关键词： investment corporation environment.

Learning a Mixture of Conditional Gating Blocks for Visual Question Answering

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 912-928页

作者： Qiang Sun Yan-Wei Fu Xiang-Yang Xue School of Statistics and Information Shanghai University of International Business and EconomicsShanghai 201620China Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Data Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

As a Turing test in multimedia,visual question answering(VQA)aims to answer the textual question with a given ***,the“dynamic”property of neural networks has been explored as one of the most promising ways of improving the adaptability,interpretability,and capacity of the neural network ***,despite the prevalence of dynamic convolutional neural networks,it is relatively less touched and very nontrivial to exploit dynamics in the transformers of the VQA tasks through all the stages in an end-to-end ***,due to the large computation cost of transformers,researchers are inclined to only apply transformers on the extracted high-level visual features for downstream vision and language *** this end,we introduce a question-guided dynamic layer to the transformer as it can effectively increase the model capacity and require fewer transformer layers for the VQA *** particular,we name the dynamics in the Transformer as Conditional Multi-Head Self-Attention block(cMHSA).Furthermore,our questionguided cMHSA is compatible with conditional ResNeXt block(cResNeXt).Thus a novel model mixture of conditional gating blocks(McG)is proposed for VQA,which keeps the best of the Transformer,convolutional neural network(CNN),and dynamic *** pure conditional gating CNN model and the conditional gating Transformer model can be viewed as special examples of *** quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate McG on the CLEVR and VQA-Abstract *** experiments show that McG has achieved the state-of-the-art performance on these benchmark datasets.

关键词： visual question answering Transformer dynamic network

Does Information Exchange Affect Cross-border Tax Avoidance? Evidence from the Common Reporting Standard

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China & World Economy 2024年第4期32卷 179-228页

作者： Muhan Wang Kezhong Zhang Sihan Gao School of Public Finance and Taxation Zhongnan University of Economics and LawChina School of Public Finance and Taxation Center for International Cooperation and Disciplinary Innovation of Income Distribution and Public Finance(1l1 Center)Zhongnan University of Economics and LawPublic Finance and Development Research Center of HubeiChina Center for international Cooperation and Disciplinary Innovation of Income Distribution and Public Finance(1ll Center) Zhongnan University of Economics and LawPublic Finance and Development Research Center of HubeiChina

Using panel data from 2012 to 2020 for publicly traded Chinese companies, we explored the efficacy in mitigation of tax information asymmetry to combat profit shifting and transnational tax avoidance. Our empirical analysis revealed that, after the implementation of the inaugural multilateral automatic information exchange system known as the Common Reporting Standard, there was a statistically significantly increase in the effective tax rate by 1.4 percentage points, accompanied by an increase in instances of tax compliance. These trends were discernibly associated with a reduction in profit shifting and notable changes in reported profit margins, particularly influenced by actions related to debt shifting and strategic management of intellectual property assets. These findings underscore the strong connection between these effects and various factors such as investment destinations, asset portfolios, and industry classifications. The results imply a prospective decline in the incidence of cross-border tax avoidance by Chinese multinational entities and demonstrate the potential of emerging international tax cooperation frameworks for curbing the global tax avoidance practices of multinational corporations.

关键词： cross-border tax avoidance Common Reporting Standard profit shifting tax information

The multiple roles of crop structural change in productivity,nutrition and environment in China:A decomposition analysis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1763-1773页

作者： Xiangyang Zhang Yumei Zhang Shenggen Fan College of economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBejing 100083China Academy of Global Food economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBejing 100083China

China's crop structure has undergone significant changes in the last two decades since 2000,with an increase in the share of cereals,vegetables,and fruit,squeezing out other *** a result,land productivity,nutrient supply,and carbon emissions have *** to reallocate limited farmland among crops to achieve the multiple goals of agrifood systems becomes an important *** study explores the sources of land productivity and nutrition supply growth and carbon emissions reduction,and identifies the multiple roles of crop structural change from 2003 to 2020 based on a decomposition *** results reveal that the growth within crops is still the primary driver in land productivity and nutrition supply and the reduction in carbon ***,structural change also plays various roles at different *** 2003 to 2010,crop structural change increased the total calorie supply but lowered land productivity and contributed at least 70%of the total growth of carbon *** crop structure was relatively stable,and their effects were modest from 2010 to *** 2015 to 2020,the crop structural change began to play a greater role and generate synergistic effects in improving land productivity,micronutrient supply,and reducing carbon emissions,contributing to approximately a quarter of the growth of land productivity and 30%of total carbon emissions *** results suggest that strategies for crop structural change should comprehensively consider its multiple impacts,aiming to achieve co-benefits while minimizing trade-offs.

关键词： crop structural change land productivity nutrition carbon emissions

New Quality,Great Potential

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ChinAfrica 2024年第4期16卷 18-21页

作者： XU GANG Institute of World economics Studies China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations

Here are some of the achievements China made in 2023:GDP exceeded 126 trillion yuan($17.43 trillion)with a growth of 5.2 percent;12.44 million new urban jobs were created;average surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas was 5.2 percent;consumer price index increased by 0.2 percent;new energy vehicle production and sales accounted for more than 60 percent of the global share;grain output reached a record high of 695 billion kg;installed renewable energy capacity surpassed thermal power capacity for the first time in history,and China accounted for over half of newly installed renewable energy capacity worldwide;per-capita disposable income of residents increased by 6.1 percent…

关键词： income installed Great

Self-Compassion Moderates the Effect of Contingent Self-Esteem on Well-Being:Evidence from Cross-Sectional Survey and Experiment

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international Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第2期26卷 117-126页

作者： Ruirui Zhang Xuguang Zhang Minxin Yang Haoran Zhang Mental Health Education and Counseling Center Shanghai University of International Business and EconomicsShanghai201620China School of Communication Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou310018China School of Languages Shanghai University of International Business and EconomicsShanghai201620China School of Computer Science and Information Technology Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China Library Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China

Contingent self-esteem captures the fragile nature of self-esteem and is often regarded as suboptimal to psychological ***-compassion is another important self-related concept assumed to promote mental health and ***,research on the relation of self-compassion to contingent self-esteem is *** studies were conducted to explore the role of selfcompassion,either as a personal characteristic or an induced mindset,in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on *** 1 recruited 256 Chinese college students(30.4%male,mean age=21.72 years)who filled out measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and *** results found that self-compassion moderated the effect of contingent self-esteem on *** Study 2,a sample of 90 Chinese college students(34%male,mean age=18.39 years)were randomly assigned to either a control or self-compassion *** completed baseline trait measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and ***,they were led to have a 12-min break(control group)or listen to a 12-min self-compassion audio(self-compassion group),followed by a social stress task and outcome *** results demonstrated the effectiveness of the brief self-compassion training and its moderating role in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on negative affects after the social stress *** research provides implications that to equip with a self-compassionate mindset could lower the risk of the impairment of well-being associated with elements of contingent selfesteem,which involves a fragile sense of *** may also provide insights into the development of an“optimal selfesteem”and the improvement of well-being.

关键词： Self-compassion contingent self-esteem well-being social evaluative threat

“Radicalism”and“Conservatism”:The Philosophical Argument of Human Enhancement Technologies(HET)and Its Resolution

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第3期17卷 437-454页

作者： Yi Xianfei Liu Zhuang Center for Moral and Cultural Studies School of MarxismHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China School of Marxism Hunan International Economics UniversityChangshaHunan 410205China

The philosophical debate between“radicalism”and“conservatism”in emerging human enhancement technologies(HET)has never *** their theoreti-cal claims seem to be distinct from each other,they actually share certain common-alities,which are mainly manifested in three aspects:first,they both hold certain illusions about emerging HET;second,they both reflect the loss of human subjec-tivity in the debate;and third,they both leave the premise of their propositions in *** on the reflection and grasp of these commonalities,we can grasp the possible boundaries of the dissolution of the two oppositions:let HET be“where it is in,”reconfigure anthropocentrism,suspend metaphysical myths,and turn to the“reality of human beings.”

关键词： HET-Radicalism Conservatism Philosophical controversy

Reducing carbon emissions with Geoscience solutions:A look at the contributions of nuclear energy,technology,and green finance

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 411-426页

作者： Aifeng Liu Muhammad Imran Abdelmohsen A.Nassani Rima H.Binsaeed Khalid Zaman international Business School Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina Department of economics The University of HaripurHaripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620Pakistan Department of Management College of Business AdministrationKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 71115Riyadh 11587Saudi Arabia

Standards for Low-Carbon Energy Portfolios(LC-EPS)mandate that a certain percentage of a region's electricity generation originate from zero-or low-emissions *** 1995Q1 through 2020Q4,the study used the ARDL-Bounds testing technique to estimate coefficient parameters,Granger causality to draw causal inferences,and variance decomposition analysis to anticipate the factors that will have the greatest impact on carbon emissions in the US *** power significantly impacts carbon emissions,as seen by an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve,whereas long-term impact of innovation leads to lower *** the other hand,exports of sophisticated technology reduce carbon *** growth has a discernible effect on carbon emissions,nuclear power,innovation,and environmentally friendly ***-tech exports will likely impact carbon emissions most,followed by a demand for nuclear power,innovation,economic expansion,and sustainable finance for the next ten *** results give policymakers helpful insight into how the US economy may reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change via renewable energy and green finance.

关键词： Nuclear energy demand High technology exports Innovation Economic growth Green finance USA