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Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline vehicles

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & engineering 2024年第1期18卷 71-81页

作者： Lewei Zeng Fengbin Wang Shupei Xiao Xuan Zheng Xintong Li Qiyuan Xie Xiaoyang Yu Cheng Huang Qingyao Hu Yan You Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300300China CATARC Automotive Test Center(Guangzhou)Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 511300China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

On-road tailpipe ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to urban secondary organic aerosol formation and have direct or indirect adverse impacts on the environment and human health. To understand the tailpipe NH3 emission characteristics, we performed comprehensive chassis dynamometer measurements of NH3 emission from two China 5 and two China 6 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) equipped with three-way catalytic converters (TWCs). The results showed that the distance-based emission factors (EFs) were 12.72 ± 2.68 and 3.18 ± 1.37 mg/km for China 5 and China 6 LDGVs, respectively. Upgrades in emission standards were associated with a reduction in tailpipe NH3 emission. In addition, high NH3 EFs were observed during the engine warm-up period in cold-start cases owing to the intensive emissions of incomplete combustion products and suitable catalytic temperature in the TWCs. Notably, based on the instantaneous NH3 emission rate, distinct NH3–emitting events were detected under high/extra high velocity or rapid acceleration. Furthermore, NH3 emission rates correlated well with engine speed, vehicle specific power, and modified combustion efficiency, which were more easily accessible. These strong correlations were applied to reproduce NH3 emissions from China 5/6 LDGVs. The predicted NH3 EFs under different dynamometer and real-world cycles agreed well with existing measurement and prediction results, revealing that the NH3 EFs of LDGVs in urban routes were within 8.55–11.62 mg/km. The results presented here substantially contribute to improving the NH3 emission inventory for LDGVs and predicting on-road NH3 emissions in China.

关键词： NH3 instantaneous emissions Catalytic temperature Vehicle specific power combustion efficiency Emission prediction

Modal and Thermal Analysis of a Modified Connecting Rod of an internal combustion engine Using Finite Element Method

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2023年第3期13卷 29-49页

作者： Nkrumah Jacob Kwaku Baba Ziblim Sulemana Yahaya Sherry Kwabla Amedorme Automotive engineering Research institute Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China Department of Automotive engineering Tamale Technical University Tamale Ghana Department of Mechanical engineering Tamale Technical University Tamale Ghana Department of Mechanical and Automotive engineering Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Kumasi Ghana

The connecting rod is one of the most important moving components in an internal combustion engine. The present work determined the possibility of using aluminium alloy 7075 material to design and manufacture a connecting rod for weight optimisation without losing the strength of the connecting rod. It considered modal and thermal analyses to investigate the suitability of the material for connecting rod design. The parameters that were considered under the modal analysis were: total deformation, and natural frequency, while the thermal analysis looked at the temperature distribution, total heat flux and directional heat flux of the four connecting rods made with titanium alloy, grey cast iron, structural steel and aluminium 7075 alloy respectively. The connecting rod was modelled using Autodesk inventor2017 software using the calculated parameters. The steady-state thermal analysis was used to determine the induced heat flux and directional heat flux. The study found that Aluminium 7075 alloy deformed more than the remaining three other materials but has superior qualities in terms of vibrational natural frequency, total heat flux and lightweight compared to structural steel, grey cast iron and titanium alloy.

关键词： Connecting Rod Steady-State Thermal Analysis Deformation Heat Flux Thermal and Modal Finite Element Method

Combined Effect of a Catalytic Reduction Device with Waste Frying Oil-Based Biodiesel on NOx Emissions of Diesel engines

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Modern Mechanical engineering 2022年第3期12卷 63-73页

作者： Samson K. Fasogbon Vincent N. Ugwah Olaleye M. Amoo Patrick Ajaero Ogagaoghene D. Emma-Egoro Department of Mechanical engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre for Petroleum Energy Economics and Law University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bioresource engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Nigeria Department of Systems engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken USA Department of Chemical engineering Landmark University Kwara State Nigeria

internal combustion engines with application in automobiles and other relevant industries constitute significant environmental pollution via the release of toxic exhaust gasses like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). engine researchers and manufacturers are challenged to develop external and internal measures to ensure environmentally friendly solutions to accommodate and conform to the growing list of emission standards. Therefore, this work presents an experimental investigation of the NOx emission profile of a diesel engine that is fuelled and fitted with waste frying oil-based biodiesel and catalytic converter. Using a single-cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled CI engine at a constant speed of 1900 rpm and different loadings of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%;fitted with a catalytic converter at the exhaust outlet of the engine and linked to a dynamometer and a gas analyser, an experiment was conducted at biodiesel/diesel volume blends of B0 (0/10), B5 (5/95), B20 (20/80), B30 (30/70), B70 (70/30), B100 (100/0);and 30% concentration (v/v), 0.5 litre/hr flow rate of aqueous urea from the catalytic converter. The results show an increasing NOx emission as the biodiesel component increased in the blend. The catalytic converter showed a downward NOx reduction with a significant 68% reduction in efficiency at high exhaust gas temperatures. It is concluded that the combined utilisation of waste frying oil-based biodiesel and the catalytic converter yields substantial NOx emission reduction.

关键词： Catalytic Converter Waste Frying Oil Biodiesel NOx Emission Diesel engines

Effects of Lobe Peak-to-Trough Width Ratio on Mixing and combustion Performance in ATR Combustors

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2022年第6期39卷 637-650页

作者： ZHAO Qingjun ZHANG Yuankun HU Bin WANG Zhonghao SHI Qiang ZHAO Wei institute of engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China Innovation Academy for Light-Duty Gas Turbine Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China Beijing Key Laboratory of Distributed Combined Cooling Heating and Power System Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China

The air-turbo-rocket(ATR)engine is a promising propulsion plant for achieving numerous surface and air launched missile *** application of lobed mixer in the ATR combustor can promote the mixing of the fuelrich gas and the air,thus improving the engine performance *** numerical simulation method was conducted to explore the effects of lobe peak-to-trough width ratio on mixing and combustion performance in ATR *** show that:For a given peak lobe width b1,the combustion efficiency and total pressure loss decrease with the increase of trough lobe width b2;For a given b2,the combustion efficiency and total pressure loss decrease with the increase of b1;The fan-type lobed mixer with smaller b2has a better effect on promoting the combustion efficiency in the region near the ATR combustor center line than that with a pair of parallel side *** total pressure recovery coefficient reaches more than 0.99 at the exit of combustor in nonreactive combustion while the total pressure loss reaches more than 4%in the reacting *** with the mixing process,more than80%of the total pressure loss is caused during combustion.

关键词： ATR combustor lobed mixer lobe peak-to-trough width ratio mixing combustion streamwise vortex

Based on Fluent Numerical Calculation of Refractive Index on Rocket engine Nozzle Plume

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第2期3卷 90-93页

作者： Qiangfeng Huang Xiong Wan Zhimin Zhang Huaming Zhang Hengyang Shen Tingting Du 1Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing (Ministry of Education) Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang Jiangxi China 2Key Laboratory of Spatial Active Opto-electronic Techniques Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing (Ministry of Education) Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang Jiangxi China

Numerical 2D simulation and research on internal flow field and external flow field of rocket motor nozzle using FLUENT software. Analyze the flow condition of internal flow field and external flow field, and according to add in the amount of the different gas components, obtain the clear distribution of contour of density flow field, pressure flow field and various material components and so on. Simulation results agree with the results observed from the test on the ground, and provide reference for solid rocket motor development.

关键词： Rocket engine Nozzle Nozzle Plume Fluent Numerical Simulation