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quantum key distribution over a mimicked dynamic-scattering channel

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Science China(information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 323-330页

作者： Qi-Hang LU Fang-Xiang WANG Wei CHEN Hai-Yang FU Yin-Jie LU Shuang WANG De-Yong HE Zhen-Qiang YIN Guang-Can GUO Zheng-Fu HAN CAS Key Laboratory of quantum information University of Science and Technology of China CAS center for Excellence in quantum information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

Free-space quantum key distribution(QKD) plays an important role in the global quantum network. However, free space channels suffer from the atmospheric turbulence and scattering effects of haze,fog, and dust, which significantly weaken the performance of QKD or even block the secure quantum link.Here, we prove the performance of QKD over a dynamic scattering channel can be enhanced significantly using a fast wavefront shaping technique. The system achieves on average 10-dB enhancement of quantum transmission efficiency and establishes a secure quantum link for QKD. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of QKD through free-space dynamic scattering channels and enhances the deployment capability of complex-channel QKD system.

关键词： quantum key distribution free space channel channel turbulence channel scattering wavefront shaping

Polarization-dependent photoinduced metal–insulator transitions in manganites

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 183-189页

作者： Lina Deng Weiye Zhang Hanxuan Lin Lifen Xiang Ying Xu Yadi Wang Qiang Li Yinyan Zhu Xiaodong Zhou Wenbin Wang Lifeng Yin Hangwen Guo Chuanshan Tian Jian Shen State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computingand Department of PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research center for quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation center Fudan UniversityShanghai 201210China Collaborative Innovation center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsShanghai 201315China

In correlated oxides,collaborative manipulation on light intensity,wavelength,pulse duration and polarization has yielded many exotic discoveries,such as phase transitions and novel quantum states.In view of potential optoelectronic applications,tailoring long-lived static properties by light-induced effects is highly desirable.So far,the polarization state of light has rarely been reported as a control parameter for this purpose.Here,we report polarization-dependent metal-to-insulator transition(MIT)in phaseseparated manganite thin films,introducing a new degree of freedom to control static MIT.Specifically,we observed giant photoinduced resistance jumps with striking features:(1)a single resistance jump occurs upon a linearly polarized light incident with a chosen polarization angle,and a second resistance jump occurs when the polarization angle changes;(2)the amplitude of the second resistance jump depends sensitively on the actual change of the polarization angles.Linear transmittance measurements reveal that the origin of the above phenomena is closely related to the coexistence of anisotropic micro-domains.Our results represent a first step to utilize light polarization as an active knob to manipulate static phase transitions,pointing towards new pathways for nonvolatile optoelectronic devices and sensors.

关键词： Metal-insulator phase transitions Polarization of light Electronic phase separation Selective domain controllability

General Method of Combining Grover and Simon for Attacking Block Ciphers

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China Communications 2024年第6期21卷 237-245页

作者： Fu Xiangqun Bao Wansu Shi Jianhong Li Tan Henan Key Laboratory of quantum information and Cryptography PLA SSF IEUZhengzhou 450001China Synergetic Innovation center of quantum information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The compatibility of different quantum algorithms should be considered when these algorithms are combined.In this paper,the method of combining Grover and Simon is studied for the first time,under some preconditions or assumptions.First,we give two preconditions of applying Grover’s algorithm,which ensure that the success probability of finding the marked element is close to 1.Then,based on these two preconditions,it is found out that the success probability of the quantum algorithm for FXconstruction is far less than 1.Furthermore,we give the design method of the Oracle function,and then present the general method of combining Grover and Simon algorithm for attacking block ciphers,with success probability close to 1.

关键词： block ciphers post-quantum crypto quantum algorithms

Measuring small longitudinal phase shifts via weak measurement amplification

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 105-111页

作者：徐凯胡晓敏胡孟军王宁宁张超黄运锋柳必恒李传锋郭光灿张永生 CAS Key Laboratory of quantum information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS center For Excellence in quantum information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China Beijing Academy of quantum information Sciences Beijing 100193China

Weak measurement amplification,which is considered as a very promising scheme in precision measurement,has been applied to various small physical quantities estimations.Since many physical quantities can be converted into phase signals,it is interesting and important to consider measuring small longitudinal phase shifts by using weak measurement.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel weak measurement amplification-based small longitudinal phase estimation,which is suitable for polarization interferometry.We realize one order of magnitude amplification measurement of a small phase signal directly introduced by a liquid crystal variable retarder and show that it is robust to the imperfection of interference.Besides,we analyze the effect of magnification error which is never considered in the previous works,and find the constraint on the magnification.Our results may find important applications in high-precision measurements,e.g.,gravitational wave detection.

关键词： weak measurement phase estimation quantum optics

Maxwell Demon and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Steering

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第5期41卷 12-16页

作者：胡孟军胡晓敏张永生 Beijing Academy of quantum information Sciences Beijing 100193China Laboratory of quantum information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Synergetic Innovation center of quantum information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

Research of Maxwell demon and quantum entanglement is important because of its foundational significance in physics and its potential applications in quantum information. Previous studies on the Maxwell demon have primarily focused on thermodynamics, taking into account quantum correlations. Here we consider from another perspective and ask whether quantum non-locality correlations can be simulated by performing work. The Maxwell demon-assisted Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering is thus proposed, which implies a new type of loophole. The application of Landauer's erasure principle suggests that the only way to close this loophole during a steering task is by continuously monitoring the heat fluctuation of the local environment by the participant.We construct a quantum circuit model of Maxwell demon-assisted EPR steering, which can be demonstrated by current programmable quantum processors, such as superconducting quantum computers. Based on this quantum circuit model, we obtain a quantitative formula describing the relationship between energy dissipation due to the work of the demon and quantum non-locality correlation. The result is of great physical interest because it provides a new way to explore and understand the relationship between quantum non-locality, information, and thermodynamics.

关键词： quantum Maxwell Einstein

Layer Hall effect induced by hidden Berry curvature in antiferromagnetic insulators

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 15-23页

作者： Rui Chen Hai-Peng Sun Mingqiang Gu Chun-Bo Hua Qihang Liu Hai-Zhou Lu X.C.Xie Shenzhen Institute for quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech) International quantum Academy Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics University of Würzburg School of Electronic and information Engineering Hubei University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of quantum Science and Engineering International center for quantum Materials School of PhysicsPeking University Collaborative Innovation center of quantum Matter CAS center for Excellence in Topological quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The layer Hall effect describes electrons spontaneously deflected to opposite sides at different layers, which has been experimentally reported in the MnBi2Te4thin films under perpendicular electric fields. Here, we reveal a universal origin of the layer Hall effect in terms of the so-called hidden Berry curvature, as well as material design principles. Hence, it gives rise to zero Berry curvature in momentum space but non-zero layer-locked hidden Berry curvature in real space. We show that, compared to that of a trivial insulator, the layer Hall effect is significantly enhanced in antiferromagnetic topological insulators. Our universal picture provides a paradigm for revealing the hidden physics as a result of the interplay between the global and local symmetries, and can be generalized in various scenarios.

关键词： layerHall effect hidden Berry curvature antiferromagnetic insulator axion insulator, quantum transport

Breaking the efficiency limitations of dissipative Kerr solitons using nonlinear couplers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 88-94页

作者： Ming Li Xiao-Xiao Xue Yan-Lei Zhang Xin-Biao Xu Chun-Hua Dong Guang-Can Guo Chang-Ling Zou CAS Key Laboratory of quantum information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS centerfor Excellence in quantum information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084China

Dissipative Kerr solitons(DKS) have long been suffering from poor power conversion efficiency when driven by continuous-wave lasers. By deriving the critical coupling condition of a multimode nonlinear optics system in a generalized theoretical framework,two efficiency limitations of the conventional pump method of DKS are revealed: the effective coupling rate is too small and is also power-dependent. A general approach is provided to resolve this challenge by introducing two types of nonlinear couplers to couple the soliton cavity and CW input through nonlinear processes. The collective coupler opens multiple coupling channels and the self-adaptive coupler builds a power-independent effective external coupling rate to the DKS for approaching the generalized critical coupling condition, which promises near-unity power conversion efficiencies. For instance, a conversion efficiency exceeding 90% is predicted for aluminum nitride microrings with a nonlinear coupler utilizing second-harmonic generation. The mechanism applies to various nonlinear processes, including Raman and Brillouin scattering, and thus paves the way for micro-solitons toward practical applications.

关键词： Kerr frequency comb conversion efficiency nonlinear coupler

Kerr black hole shadows cast by extraordinary light rays with Weyl corrections

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 18-26页

作者： Songbai Chen Jiliang Jing Department of Physics Institute of Interdisciplinary StudiesKey Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of EducationSynergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

We investigate the equation of motion for photons with Weyl corrections in a Kerr black hole spacetime in a small coupling case.Our results show that Weyl corrections yield phenomena of birefringence.The light rays propagating in the spacetime are separated into the ordinary rays and the extraordinary rays,and the propagation of the latter depends on the corrections.We probe the effects of Weyl corrections on the Kerr black hole shadows casted by the extraordinary rays and find that such corrections result in a weak stretching or squeezing in the vertical direction for the black hole shadows.Finally,we also study the change of the length of the Near-Horizon Extremal Kerr line(NHEK line)with Weyl corrections.These features could help us to understand the electrodynamics with Weyl corrections from black hole shadows.

关键词： correction light stretching

Proposal for sequential Stern-Gerlach experiment with programmable quantum processors

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 131-136页

作者：胡孟军缪海兴张永生 Beijing Academy of quantum information Sciences Beijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of quantum information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Synergetic Innovation center of quantum information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

The historical significance of the Stern–Gerlach(SG)experiment lies in its provision of the initial evidence for space quantization.Over time,its sequential form has evolved into an elegant paradigm that effectively illustrates the fundamental principles of quantum theory.To date,the practical implementation of the sequential SG experiment has not been fully achieved.In this study,we demonstrate the capability of programmable quantum processors to simulate the sequential SG experiment.The specific parametric shallow quantum circuits,which are suitable for the limitations of current noisy quantum hardware,are given to replicate the functionality of SG devices with the ability to perform measurements in different directions.Surprisingly,it has been demonstrated that Wigner’s SG interferometer can be readily implemented in our sequential quantum circuit.With the utilization of the identical circuits,it is also feasible to implement Wheeler’s delayed-choice experiment.We propose the utilization of cross-shaped programmable quantum processors to showcase sequential experiments,and the simulation results demonstrate a strong alignment with theoretical predictions.With the rapid advancement of cloud-based quantum computing,such as BAQIS Quafu,it is our belief that the proposed solution is well-suited for deployment on the cloud,allowing for public accessibility.Our findings not only expand the potential applications of quantum computers,but also contribute to a deeper comprehension of the fundamental principles underlying quantum theory.

关键词： sequential Stern-Gerlach quantum circuit quantum processor