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Immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment and its relevance in cancer therapy

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2022年第1期19卷 1-2页

作者： Weiping Zou Department of Surgery Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of Michigan Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Pathology Graduate Program in Immunology and Graduate Program in Cancer BiologyUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA

Cancer immunotherapy,including immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T cell therapy,has introduced revolutionary approaches to treating patients with *** success and hope of cancer immunotherapy have continuously stimulated high interest in dissecting immunotherapy resistance mechanisms,researching previously unknown therapeutic targets,and informing novel clinical trials in cancer *** notion that the tumor microenvironment holds the key to understanding tumor immunity and developing novel immunotherapy has been well established in the field of tumor immunology and medical oncology[1].This special issue of Cellular&Molecular immunology(CMI)compiles a series of review articles,presenting state-ofthe-art literature and concepts focused on several important aspects concerning the most recent advancement in immune sensitive and resistant mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment,and their relevance in cancer therapy.

关键词： cancer immunity Immune

Highly efficient discovery of the covalent Minhibitors from crude Pu-erh tea by integrating biochemical and chemoproteomic approaches

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Guang-Hao Zhu Ya-Ni Zhang Sheng-Lan Qi Jian-Rong Xu Yuan Xiong Zhao-Qin Zhang Xi-Xiang Chen Yuan-Yuan Xie Xiao-Qing Guan Wei-Dong Zhang Wei Liu Guang-Bo Ge Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology， Institute of interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research， Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

The main proteases (Mpros) are hydrolases playing essential roles in the replication of β-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Herein， a highly efficient strategy was developed for discovering the Mproinactivators from crude plant extract integrating target-based biochemical assay and chemoproteomic approaches. Firstly， Pu-erh tea was found to potently suppress SARS-CoV-2 Mproin a time-dependent manner. Next， global chemical analysis coupling with peptide-modification profiling were used to identify the cysteine-modified constituents in Pu-erh tea. The results suggested that seven constituents in Pu-erh tea could modify SARS-CoV-2 Mpro， which turned out that epigallocatechin， gallocatechin and gallic acid were the most efficacious Mproinactivators. Further investigations demonstrated that epigallocatechin and gallocatechin could inactivate SARS-CoV-2 Mprovia blocking the formation of the homodimers. Collectively， this work proposed a novel and practical strategy for highly efficient discovery of time-dependent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mprofrom plant extracts， while three constituents in Pu-erh tea have emerged as robust SARS-CoV-2 Mproinactivators.

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Coupled simulation of BES-CFD and performance assessment of energy recovery ventilation system for office model

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第3期19卷 633-638页

作者： Yunqing FAN T.Hayashi K.Ito interdisciplinary graduate School of Engineering Science(IGSES) Kyushu University

Thermal comfort and indoor air quality as well as the energy efficiency have been recognized as essential parts of sustainable building assessment. This work aims to analyze the energy conservation of the heat recovery ventilator and to investigate the effect of the air supply arrangement. Three types of mixing ventilation are chosen for the analysis of coupling ANSYS/FLUENT （a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） program） with TRNSYS （a building energy simulation （BES） software）. The adoption of mutual complementary boundary conditions for CFD and BES provides more accurate and complete information of indoor air distribution and thermal performance in buildings. A typical office-space situated in a middle storey is chosen for the analysis. The office-space is equipped with air-conditioners on the ceiling. A heat recovery ventilation system directly supplies flesh air to the office space. Its thermal performance and indoor air distribution predicted by the coupled method are compared under three types of ventilation system. When the supply and return openings for ventilation are arranged on the ceiling, there is no critical difference between the predictions of the coupled method and BES on the energy consumption of HVAC because PID control is adopted for the supply air temperature of the occupied zone. On the other hand, approximately 21% discrepancy for the heat recovery estimation in the maximum between the simulated results of coupled method and BES-only can be obviously found in the floor air supply ventilation case. The discrepancy emphasizes the necessity of coupling CFD with BES when vertical air temperature gradient exists. Our future target is to estimate the optimum design of heat recovery ventilation system to control CO2 concentration by adjusting flow rate of flesh air.

关键词： building energy simulation computational fluid dynamics (CFD) FLUENT TRNSYS energy saving

AI for organic and polymer synthesis

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2461-2496页

作者： Xin Hong Qi Yang Kuangbiao Liao Jianfeng Pei Mao Chen Fanyang Mo Hua Lu Wen-Bin Zhang Haisen Zhou Jiaxiao Chen Lebin Su Shuo-Qing Zhang Siyuan Liu Xu Huang Yi-Zhou Sun Yuxiang Wang Zexi Zhang Zhunzhun Yu Sanzhong Luo Xue-Feng Fu Shu-Li You Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Center of Basic Molecular Science Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China AI for Science(AI4S)-Preferred program Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Department of Chemical Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Recent years have witnessed the transformative impact from the integration of artificial intelligence with organic and polymer synthesis. This synergy offers innovative and intelligent solutions to a range of classic problems in synthetic chemistry. These exciting advancements include the prediction of molecular property, multi-step retrosynthetic pathway planning, elucidation of the structure-performance relationship of single-step transformation, establishment of the quantitative linkage between polymer structures and their functions, design and optimization of polymerization process, prediction of the structure and sequence of biological macromolecules, as well as automated and intelligent synthesis platforms. Chemists can now explore synthetic chemistry with unprecedented precision and efficiency, creating novel reactions, catalysts, and polymer materials under the datadriven paradigm. Despite these thrilling developments, the field of artificial intelligence(AI) synthetic chemistry is still in its infancy, facing challenges and limitations in terms of data openness, model interpretability, as well as software and hardware support. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress, key challenges, and future development suggestions in the interdisciplinary field between AI and synthetic chemistry. It is hoped that this overview will offer readers a comprehensive understanding of this emerging field, inspiring and promoting further scientific research and development.

关键词： organic synthesis polymer synthesis machine learning prediction chemical database automated synthesis

Mechanism of Wendan decoction in preventing obesity by regulating multiple signal pathway networks based on gene promoter methylation

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 93-100页

作者： Haiyan Yang Meiling Ren Ziting Wu Jinchao Li Ping Wang School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang 330004China graduate School Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang 330004China

Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of Wendan decoction in obesity by screening target genes with promoter region methylation changes and constructing a multiple signaling pathways network based on promoter ***:The methylation degree of Itgad,Col8a1,Adra2b,Jund,Rab2a,Wnt8b,Fzd9,B4galt7,Pik3cd,Creb1,Stard8,and Mmp1 in the abdominal adipose tissue of obese rats was determined using the Agena MassARRAY *** blot was performed to assess protein expression *** genes were identified based on the methylation degree in the promoter region and protein *** analysis of signaling pathways was conducted to identify relevant target genes and obtain a multiple signaling pathway network associated with *** and terminal effector molecules in the pathway networks were selected as research targets for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)***:Four genes(Adra2b,Creb1,Itgad,and Pik3cd)showed a degree of promoter methylation consistent with their respective protein expression *** them,Adra2b,Creb1,and Pik3cd expression increased,while that of Itgad *** analysis revealed that Creb1 and Pik3cd were involved in 6 signaling pathways related to obesity:tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,growth hormone synthesis/secretion and action,adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,cyclic nucleotide(cAMP)signaling pathway,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling ***,a multiple signaling pathways network was constructed based on promoter *** molecules including protein kinase B(AKT),mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1),and unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1),as well as terminal effector molecules interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 2(CXCL2)were selected as research *** decoct

关键词： Wendan decoction Obesity Signal pathway Methylation

A high-sensitive and self-selective humanoid mechanoreceptor for spatiotemporal tactile stimuli cognition

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4400-4409页

作者： Shuxin Bi Xuan Zhao Fangfang Gao Xiaochen Xun Bin Zhao Liangxu Xu Tian Ouyang Qingliang Liao Yue Zhang Academy for Advanced interdisciplinary Science and Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The cognition of spatiotemporal tactile stimuli,including fine spatial stimuli and static/dynamic temporal stimuli,is paramount for intelligent robots to feel their surroundings and complete manipulation ***,current tactile sensors have restrictions on simultaneously demonstrating high sensitivity and performing selective responses to static/dynamic stimuli,making it a challenge to effectively cognize spatiotemporal tactile ***,we report a high-sensitive and self-selective humanoid mechanoreceptor(HMR)that can precisely respond to spatiotemporal tactile *** HMR with PDMS/chitosan@CNTs(PDMS:polydimethylsiloxane;CNT:carbon nanotube)graded microstructures and polyurethane hierarchical porous spacer exhibits high sensitivity of 3790.8 kPa^(-1).The HMR demonstrates self-selective responses to static and dynamic stimuli with mono signal through the hybrid of piezoresistive and triboelectric ***,it can respond to spatiotemporal tactile stimuli and generate distinguishable and multi-type characteristic *** the assistance of the convolutional neural network,multiple target objects can be easily identified with a high accuracy of 99.1%.This work shows great potential in object precise identification and dexterous manipulation,which is the basis of intelligent robots and natural human-machine interactions.

关键词： mechanoreceptors self-selective high-sensitive spatiotemporal tactile stimuli cognition sensors

Design and tailoring of patterned ZnO nanostructures for perovskite light absorption modulation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 855-861页

作者： Haonan Si Xuan Zhao Qingliang Liao Yue Zhang Academy for Advanced interdisciplinary Science and Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Lithography is a pivotal micro/nanomanufacturing technique,facilitating performance enhancements in an extensive array of devices,encompassing sensors,transistors,and photovoltaic *** key to creating highly precise,multiscale-distributed patterned structures is the precise control of the lithography ***,high-quality patterned ZnO nanostructures are constructed by systematically tuning the exposure and development times during *** optimizing these parameters,ZnO nanorod arrays with line/hole arrangements are successfully *** ZnO nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure,enlarged surface area,and improved light capture ability,which achieve highly efficient energy conversion in perovskite solar *** lithography process management for these patterned ZnO nanostructures provides important guidance for the design and construction of complex nanostructures and devices with excellent performance.

关键词： lithography patterned ZnO nanorod arrays light absorption perovskite solar cell

Lysophosphatidylcholine binds α-synuclein and prevents its pathological aggregation

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 119-128页

作者： Chunyu Zhao Jia Tu Chuchu Wang Wenbin Liu Jinge Gu Yandong Yin Shengnan Zhang Dan Li Jiajie Diao Zheng-Jiang Zhu Cong Liu interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bio-X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Cancer Biology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

Accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein(α-syn) in Lewy bodies is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease(PD). Genetic mutations in lipid metabolism are causative for a subset of patients with Parkinsonism. The role of α-syn's lipid interactions in its function and aggregation is recognized, yet the specific lipids involved and how lipid metabolism issues trigger α-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration remain unclear. Here, we found that α-syn shows a preference for binding to lysophospholipids(LPLs),particularly targeting lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) without relying on electrostatic interactions. LPC is capable of maintaining α-syn in a compact conformation, significantly reducing its propensity to aggregate both in vitro and within cellular environments. Conversely, a reduction in the production of cellular LPLs is associated with an increase in α-syn accumulation. Our work underscores the critical role of LPLs in preserving the natural conformation of α-syn to inhibit improper aggregation, and establishes a potential connection between lipid metabolic dysfunction and α-syn aggregation in PD.

关键词： α-synuclein Parkinson's disease lysophosphatidylcholine, aggregation

Transforming organic chemistry research paradigms:Moving from manual efforts to the intersection of automation and artificial intelligence

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National Science Open 2024年第2期3卷 98-127页

作者： Chengchun Liu Yuntian Chen Fanyang Mo School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin Eastern Institute of TechnologyNingbo 315000China AI for Science(AI4S)-Preferred program Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China

Organic chemistry is undergoing a major paradigm shift,moving from a labor-intensive approach to a new era dominated by automation and artificial intelligence(AI).This transformative shift is being driven by technological advances,the ever-increasing demand for greater research efficiency and accuracy,and the burgeoning growth of interdisciplinary *** models,supported by computational power and algorithms,are drastically reshaping synthetic planning and introducing groundbreaking ways to tackle complex molecular *** addition,autonomous robotic systems are rapidly accelerating the pace of discovery by performing tedious tasks with unprecedented speed and *** article examines the multiple opportunities and challenges presented by this paradigm shift and explores its far-reaching *** provides valuable insights into the future trajectory of organic chemistry research,which is increasingly defined by the synergistic interaction of automation and AI.

关键词： organic chemistry automation platform artificial intelligence algorithms