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Locally Enhanced Flow and Electric Fields Through a Tip Effect for Efficient Flow‑Electrode Capacitive Deionization

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 1-17页

作者： Ziquan Wang Xiangfeng Chen Yuan Zhang Jie Ma Zhiqun Lin Amor Abdelkader Maria‑Magdalena Titirici Libo Deng College of Chemistry and Environmental engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji University1239 Siping RoadShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore Department of engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPooleEngland BH125BBUK Institut de Chimie de Nice UniversitéCôte d’AzurUMR CNRS 727228 Av.Valrose06108 NiceFrance Department of Chemical engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusExhibition RdLondon SW72AZUK

Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of ***,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current ***,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport *** effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal *** the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current ***,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current ***,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.

关键词： Flow-electrode Capacitive deionization Current collector Tip effect Desalination

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Cu^+-incorporated TiO_2 overlayer on Cu_2O nanowire photocathodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_2 to methanol

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第1期27卷 264-270页

作者： Kangha Lee Seokwon Lee Hyunjin Cho Sunil Jeong Whi Dong Kim Sooho Lee Doh C.Lee Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering(BK21+program) KAIST Institute for the NanocenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)

In this paper, we report photoelectrochemical（PEC） conversion of carbon dioxide（CO_2） using photocathodes based on Cu_2O nanowires（NWs） overcoated with Cu~＋-incorporated crystalline TiO_2（TiO_2–Cu~＋）shell. Cu_2O NW photocathodes show remanent photocurrent of 5.3% after 30 min of PEC reduction of CO_*** coating Cu_2O with TiO_2–Cu~＋ overlayer, the remanent photocurrent is 27.6%, which is an increase by5.2 fold. The charge transfer resistance of Cu_2O/TiO_2–Cu~＋ is 0.423 k/cm2, whereas Cu_2O photocathode shows resistivity of 0.781 k/cm2 under irradiation. Mott–Schottky analysis reveals that Cu~＋ species embedded in TiO_2 layer is responsible for enhanced adsorption of CO_2 on TiO_2 surface, as evidenced by the decrease of capacitance in the Helmholtz layer. On account of these electrochemical and electronic effects by the Cu~＋ species, the Faradaic efficiency（FE） of photocathodes reaches as high as 56.5% when TiO_2–Cu~＋ is added to Cu_2O, showing drastic increase from 23.6% by bare Cu_2O photocathodes.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical CO2 reductionMethanol generation Copper oxide Titanium dioxide Cu+ catalyst

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Comparative toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions to Escherichia coli

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第4期30卷 50-60页

作者： Yoojin Choi Hyun-A Kim Kyoung-Woong Kim Byung-Tae Lee Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering (BK21 Plus program) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) School of Earth sciences and Environmental engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)

With the increase in silver（Ag）-based products in our lives, it is essential to test the potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） and silver ions（Ag ions） on living organisms under various conditions. Here, we investigated the toxicity of Ag NPs with Ag ions to Escherichia coli K-12 strain under various conditions. We observed that both Ag NPs and Ag ions display antibacterial activities, and that Ag ions had higher toxicity to E. coli K-12 strain than Ag NPs under the same concentrations. To understand the toxicity of Ag NPs at a cellular level, reactive oxygen species（ROS） enzymes were detected for use as antioxidant enzymatic biomarkers. We have also studied the toxicity of Ag NPs and Ag ions under various coexistence conditions including： fixed total concentration, with a varied the ratio of Ag NPs to Ag ions; fixed the Ag NPs concentration and then increased the Ag ions concentration; fixed Ag ions concentration and then increasing the Ag NPs *** to Ag NPs and Ag ions clearly had synergistic toxicity; however, decreased toxicity（for a fixed Ag NPs concentration of 5 mg/L, after increasing the Ag ions concentration） to E. coli K-12 strain. Ag NPs and Ag ions in the presence of L-cysteine accelerated the bacterial cell growth rate, thereby reducing the bioavailability of Ag ions released from Ag NPs under the single and coexistence conditions. Further works are needed to consider this potential for Ag NPs and Ag ions toxicity across a range of environmental *** Significance Statement： As silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs）-based products are being broadly used in commercial industries, an ecotoxicological understanding of the Ag NPs being released into the environment should be further considered. Here, we investigate the comparative toxicity of Ag NPs and silver ions（Ag ions） to Escherichia coli K-12 strain, a representative ecotoxicological bioreporter. This study showed that toxicities of Ag NPs and Ag ions to E. coli

关键词： Nanotoxicity Silver nanoparticles Silver ions Coexist condition Escherichia coli

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Synthesis of Protein Nano-Conjugates for Cancer Therapy

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Nano Research 2011年第5期4卷 425-433页

作者： Jianjun Zhang Juanjuan Du Ming Yan Anandika Dhaliwal Jing Wen Fengqi Liu Tatiana Segura Yunfeng Lu Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Biomedical engineering interdepartmental program University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

A eukaryotic cell contains thousands of proteins that regulate its cellular function; delivering functional proteins into cells to rectify cellular functions holds great promise for treatment of various diseases, especially cancers. In this context, ribonuclease （RNase）, an enzyme that breaks down ribonucleic acid （RNA）, has great potential for cancer therapy. However, its therapeutic application is hampered by poor intracellular delivery efficiency and inhibition by ubiquitous intracellular RNase inhibitors. In this work, by designing and synthesizing RNase nano-conjugates by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）, we demonstrate a simple solution to address both challenges. Compared with native RNase, nano-conjugates exhibit significantly enhanced intracellular delivery efficiency, inhibitor resistance, and a near five-fold increase in cytotoxicity. This work provides a novel platform for delivery of therapeutic proteins for cancer therapy and other applications.

关键词： Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) ribonuclease (RNase) RNase inhibitor ribonucleic acid (RNA) cancer therapy intracellular delivery

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2D multi-model general predictive iterative learning control for semi-batch reactor with multiple reactions

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第11期24卷 2613-2623页

作者： BO Cui-mei YANG Lei HUANG Qing-qing LI Jun GAO Fu-rong College of Electrical engineering and Control science Nanjing Tech University Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Batch to batch temperature control of a semi-batch chemical reactor with heating/cooling system was discussed in this study. Without extensive modeling investigations, a two-dimensional(2D) general predictive iterative learning control(2D-MGPILC) strategy based on the multi-model with time-varying weights was introduced for optimizing the tracking performance of desired temperature profile. This strategy was modeled based on an iterative learning control(ILC) algorithm for a 2D system and designed in the generalized predictive control(GPC) framework. Firstly, a multi-model structure with time-varying weights was developed to describe the complex operation of a general semi-batch reactor. Secondly, the 2 D-MGPILC algorithm was proposed to optimize simultaneously the dynamic performance along the time and batch axes. Finally, simulation for the controller design of a semi-batch reactor with multiple reactions was involved to demonstrate that the satisfactory performance could be achieved despite of the repetitive or non-repetitive disturbances.

关键词： two-dimensional system iterative learning control general predictive control semi-batch reactor

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Aqueous-processable,naphthalene diimide-based polymers for eco-friendly fabrication of high-performance,n-type organic electrolyte-gated transistors

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science China Chemistry 2022年第5期65卷 973-978页

作者： Dahyun Jeong Min Je Kim Seungjin Lee Jin-Woo Lee Youngwoong Kim Hyeong Jun Kim Jeong Ho Cho Bumjoon J.Kim Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Republic of Korea

Organic electrolyte-gated transistors(OEGTs) have the benefits of low power consumption and large current ***,the electrical performance of n-type OEGTs lags far behind that of p-type *** this study,we design a series of polymers,P(NDITEG-T) and P(NDIMTEG-T),comprising a naphthalene diimide backbone for n-type charge transport and oligo(ethylene glycol)(OEG) side chains for high ionic conductivity and eco-friendly solution *** incorporation of the OEG chain facilitates the electrochemical doping of the semiconductor by ions to realize high-performance,n-type ***,in OEGTs,P(NDITEG-T) achieves a high electron mobility of 1.0 × 10^(-1) cm^(2) V^(-1) s^(-1),which represents the highest value reported for solution-processed,n-type *** is noted that the fabrication of the OEGTs is achieved by solution processing with eco-friendly ethanol/water mixtures in virtue of the hydrophilic OEG *** work demonstrates the molecular design of the P(NDITEG-T) polymer and its significant ability to produce aqueous-processable,high-performance,and n-type OEGTs.

关键词： organic electrolyte-gated transistors n-type transistors oligo(ethylene glycol)polymers eco-friendly solution process high electron mobility

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Toward a better understanding of microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by sulfate reducing bacteria

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2019年第4期35卷 631-636页

作者： Tingyue Gu Ru Jia Tuba Unsal Dake Xu Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase TechnologyOhio University School of Materials science and engineering Northeastern University

Sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) are often the culprits of microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) in anoxic environments because sulfate is a ubiquitous oxidant. MIC of carbon steel caused by SRB is the most intensively investigated topic in MIC because of its practical importance. It is also because biogenic sulfides complicate mechanistic SRB MIC studies, making SRB MIC of carbon steel is a long-lasting topic that has generated considerable confusions. It is expedient to think that biogenic H_2S secreted by SRB acidifies the broth because it is an acid gas. However, this is not true because endogenous H_2S gets its H^+ from organic carbon oxidation and the fluid itself in the first place rather than an external source. Many people believe that biogenic H_2S is responsible for SRB MIC of carbon steel. However, in recent years,well designed mechanistic studies provided evidence that contradicts this misconception. Experimental data have shown that cathodic electron harvest by an SRB biofilm from elemental iron via extracellular electron transfer(EET) for energy production by SRB is the primary cause. It has been demonstrated that when a mature SRB biofilm is subjected to carbon source starvation, it switches to elemental iron as an electron source and becomes more corrosive. It is anticipated that manipulations of EET related genes will provide genetic-level evidence to support the biocathode theory in the future. This kind of new advances will likely lead to new gene probes or transcriptomics tools for detecting corrosive SRB strains that possess high EET capabilities.

关键词： Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) Carbon steel Extracellular electron transfer

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Insight into the effect of thick graphite electrodes towards high-performance cylindrical Ni-rich NCA90 Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第12期87卷 322-333,I0009页

作者： Nattanon Joraleechanchai Thitiphum Sangsanit Kan Homlamai Purin Krapong Montree Sawangphruk Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology(CEST) Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSchool of Energy Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and TechnologyRayong 21210Thailand

This study explored the complex effect of graphite tortuosity on the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich NCA90 Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Different levels of graphite anode tortuosity were analyzed,revealing that low-tortuosity electrodes had better graphite *** in-plane tortuosities of the graphite anode electrodes examined were 1.70,1.94,2.05,and 2.18,while their corresponding through-plane tortuosities were 4.74,6.94,8.19,and ***-operando X-ray diffraction and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry were employed to investigate the charge storage mechanism and gas *** study revealed that while graphite electrode tortuosity impacted the amount of Li present in the lithiated graphite phase due to diffusion constraints,it did not affect gas *** Li-ion utilization in low-tortuosity electrodes was higher than that in high-tortuosity electrodes because of solid-diffusion ***,the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT) was employed to investigate a lithium-ion diffusion *** results indicate that the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient exhibits a significant difference only during LiC_(6) phase *** also observed that the use of a lower tortuosity electrode leads to improved lithium-ion ***,graphite utilization is influenced by the porous electrode *** tests adhering to UN38.3 guidelines verified battery *** study demonstrated the practical application of optimized NCA90 LIB cells with diverse graphite electrode tortuosities in a high-performance Lamborghini GoKart,paving the way for further advancements in Ni-rich LIB technology.

关键词： Li-ion batteries Tortuosity Ni-rich NCA90 cathode On-line gas detection In-operando XRD

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TIME AND POLING HISTORY DEPENDENT ENERGY STORAGE AND DISCHARGE BEHAVIORS IN POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE-CO-HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE) RANDOM COPOLYMERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2011年第1期29卷 65-80页

作者： Fang-xiao Guan Jing Wang Ji-lin Pan Qing Wang Lei Zhu Polymer program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical Materials and Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269-3136 USA b Department of Materials science and engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Department of Maeromolecular science and engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106-7202 USA

We studied cycle time （0.01-10 s with triangular input waves） and poling history （continuous versus fresh poling） dependent electric energy storage and discharge behaviors in poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene） [P（VDF- HFP）] films using the electric displacement -- the electric field （D-E） hysteresis loop measurements. Since the permanent dipoles in PVDF are orientational in nature, it is generally considered that both charging and discharging processes should be time and poling history dependent. Intriguingly, our experimental results showed that the charging process depended heavily on the cycle time and the prior poling history, and thus the D-E hysteresis loops had different shapes accordingly. However, the discharged energy density did not change no matter how the D-E loop shape varied due to different measurements. This experimental result could be explained in terms of reversible and irreversible polarizations. The reversible polarization could be charged and discharged fairly quickly （〈 5 ms for each process）, while the irreversible polarization depended heavily on the poling time and the prior poling history. This study suggests that it is only meaningful to compare the discharged energy density for PVDF and its copolymer films when different cycle times and poling histories are used.

关键词： P(VDF-HFP) random copolymer Charging and discharging behaviors Time and poling history dependence Dipole switching Compensation polarization.

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Glass Transition Behavior of Spin-coated Thin Films of a Hydrophilic Polymer on Supported Substrates

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2015年第4期33卷 607-612页

作者：卢晓林弥永利 State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Department of Chemical and biomolecular engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay

Using ellipsometry, it is found the glass transition temperature of the spin-coated polyacrylamide （PAL） thin films on the supported silicon （Si） substrates with an oxide layer decreases with decreasing the film thickness. But Tgs of the as- prepared thin films are much higher than that of the bulk sample. Such observations can be attributed to the combined result of the ＂surface effect＂ and increased hydrogen bonding interaction between PAL chains due to spin coating/thin film confinement.

关键词： Tg Thin film Hydrophilic polymer Ellipsometry.

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