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Hepatotoxic Alterations Induced by Subchronic Exposure of Rats to Formulated Fenvalerate (20% EC) by Nose Only Inhalation

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期17卷 309-314页

作者： U.MANI A.K.PRASAD V.SURESHKUMAR P.KUMAR KEWAL LAL B.K.MAJI K.K.DUTTA Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory and Animal House Industrial Toxicology Research Centre M. G. Marg P. Box. No.80 Lucknow-226 001 IndiaInhalation Toxicology Laboratory and Animal House Industrial Toxicology Research Centre M. G. Marg P. Box. No.80 Lucknow-226 001 IndiaInhalation Toxicology Laboratory and Animal House Industrial Toxicology Research Centre M. G. Marg P. Box. No.80 Lucknow-226 001 India Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory and Animal House Industrial Toxicology Research Centre M. G. Marg P. Box. No.80 Lucknow-226 001 IndiaInhalation Toxicology Laboratory and Animal House Industrial Toxicology Research Centre M. G. Marg P. Box. No.80 Lucknow-226 001 India

Objective Fenvalerate (20% EC) is a synthetic pyrethroid, which is commonly used in India by farmers for the protection of many food and vegetable crops against a wide variety of insects. However, its inhalation toxicity data is very limited in the literature due to the fact that the exposure levels associated with these effects were usually not reported. Hence, inhalation exposure was carried out to investigate the hepatotoxic effects. Method Adult male rats were exposed to fen for 4 h/day, 5 days a week for 90 days by using Flow Past Nose Only Inhalation Chamber. Sham treated control rats were exposed to compressed air in the inhalation chamber for the same period. Results The results indicated hepatomegaly, increased activities of serum clinical enzymes (indicative of liver damage/dysfunction) along with pronounced histopathological damage of liver. Conclusion The hepatotoxic potential of formulated Fen (20% EC) in rats exposed by nose only inhalation is being reported for the first time and warrant adequate safety measures for human beings exposed to this insecticide, particularly by inhalation route.

关键词： Fenvalerate Rat Inhalation Hepatotoxicity

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Capacity of Old Trees to Respond to Environmental Change

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1355-1364页

作者： Nathan G.Phillips Thomas N.Buckley David T.Tissue centre for Plant and food Science University of Western Sydney Department of Geography and Environment Boston University Department of Biology Sonoma State University School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Bushfire Cooperative research centre

Atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] has increased dramatically within the current life spans of long-lived trees and old forests. Consider that a 500-year-old tree in the early twenty-first century has spent 70% of its life growing under preindustrial levels of [CO2], which were 30% lower than current levels. Here we address the question of whether old trees have already responded to the rapid rise in [CO2] occurring over the past 150 years. In spite of limited data, aging trees have been shown to possess a substantial capacity for increased net growth after a period of post-maturity growth decline. Observations of renewed growth and physiological function in old trees have, in some instances, coincided with industrial Age increases in key environmental resources, including [CO2], suggesting the potential for continued growth in old trees as a function of continued global climate change.

关键词： carbon dioxide hydraulic limitation old growth stomata tree rings.

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Theoretical investigation of CoTa2O6/graphene heterojunctions for oxygen evolution reaction

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Frontiers of Physics 2021年第1期16卷 148-154页

作者： Qinye Li Siyao Qiu Baohua Jia centre for Translational Atomaterials Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology The Australian research Council (ARC) industrial Transformation Training centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM) Swinburne University of Technology College of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology Dongguan University of Technology

Water electrolysis is to split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity as the driving *** obtain low-cost hydrogen in a large scale, it is critical to develop electrocatalysts based on earth abundant elements with a high efficiency. This computational work started with Cobalt on CoTa2O6surface as the active site, CoTa2O6/Graphene heterojunctions have been explored as potential oxygen evolution reaction（OER） catalysts through density functional theory（DFT）. We demonstrated that the electron transfer（δ） from CoTa2O6to graphene substrate can be utilized to boost the reactivity of Co-site, leading to an OER overpotential as low as 0.30 V when N-doped graphene is employed. Our findings offer novel design of heterojunctions as high performance OER catalysts.

关键词： CoTa2O6 OER charge transfer DFT heterojunctions

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Depth profiles of lithogenic and anthropogenic mercury in the sediments from Thane Creek,Mumbai,India

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International Journal of Sediment research 2014年第3期29卷 431-439页

作者： S.K.SAHU R.C.BHANGARE M.TIWARI P.Y.AJMAL G.G.PANDIT Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Environmental.Monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Mercury(Hg) is well known as one of the most toxic elements to *** coastal environments adjacent to industrial areas are reported to often be contaminated with *** becomes more toxic in the form of methylmercury(Me-Hg) which is converted from inorganic mercury in aqueous systems by microbial activity and can bio-magnify through the food chain.A simple method for the determination of total mercury and methylmercury in sediments was optimized by slightly modifying an old method using the direct mercury analyzer *** sediment samples from Thane Creek,Mumbai,India were collected and analysed for total mercury and *** Hg concentration in the creek varied between 0.54 to 16.03 μg gwhile Me-Hg concentrations ranged between0.04 to 1.07 μg *** surface sediment,mercury concentrations ranged from 4.33 μg gto 12.16μg *** organic carbon content was found to be around 2 percent in different layers of the *** enrichment factors,which indicate the extent of pollution in sediments,were estimated to range from 26 to 50 at different locations in the *** and anthropogenic concentrations of mercury in the creek were also determined to compare the impact of anthropogenic and natural *** inventories were about 5-70 times more in concentration than the lithogenic in the different core sediments.

关键词： Total mercury Methylmercury Enrichment factor Anthropogenic concentration TOC

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Effects of Replacing Fishmeal with Animal By-products Meal Supplementation in Diets on the Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Mangrove Red Snapper

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2007年第3期6卷 292-298页

作者： Khalid Jamil Ghulam Abbas Rukhsana Akhtar LIN Hong LI Zhenxing food and Marine Resource centre Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex Karachi Pakistan centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi Karach# 7 5270 Pakistan Division of Life Science and Technology Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China

A feeding trial was conducted for 75 d to evaluate the nutritive value of a mixture of animal by-products （MAB） as a possible protein source in diets for juvenile mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus （mean initial body weight, 30 g）. Fish were fed one of five isonitrogenous diets （40% crude protein） replacing 0, 25% （MAB25）, 50% （MAB50）, 75% （MAB75） and 100% （MAB100） of fish meal protein with similar percentages of MAB. The MAB consisted of 25% cow liver meal, 20% leather meal, 20% meat and bone meal, 15% blood meal, 10% APC （poultry feather meal）, 8% poultry manure dried, 1.5% choline and 0.5% chromic oxide. After 75 d of feeding, fish fed with diets MAB50, MAB75 and MABI00 exhibited significantly lower growth performance than that of fish fed with control and MAB25 diets. The optimum level of MAB was estimated to be 23%. Replacement of fish meal by MAB23% showed the following performance： maximum weight gain, 510%; SGR, 2.39% and FCE, 2.83%. The MAB substitution up to 75% of fish meal protein in diets did not show differences in apparent protein digestibility （83.6% for MAB25, 79.2% for MAB50, 78.7% for MAB75） compared with control （83.4%）, whereas in MABI00 group digestibility （65.3%） was significantly lower than in other groups. The apparent phosphorus absorption of test diet groups was significantly higher （37.1% for MAB25, 28.5% for MABS0, 55.6% for MAB75 and 54.5% for MABI00） than that of control （1 1.2%）. The levels of protein and ash in the whole body, carcass and viscera increased as MAB substitution in diets increased, whereas lipids and moisture remained consistent among all treatment groups. These results showed that approximately 23% of fish meal protein could be replaced by a mixture of animal by-products for juvenile snapper growing from 30 g to 167 g in 75 d without compromising growth performance and feed efficiency.

关键词： mangrove red snapper animal by-product growth body composition energy retention Lutjanus argentimaculatus

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Diversity of Sodium Transporter HKT1;5 in Genus Oryza

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Rice science 2022年第1期29卷 31-46,I0002-I0017页

作者： Shalini PULIPATI Suji SOMASUNDARAM Nitika RANA Kavitha KUMARESAN Mohamed SHAFI Peter CIVÁŇ Gothandapani SELLAMUTHU Deepa JAGANATHAN Prasanna Venkatesan RAMARAVI S.PUNITHA Kalaimani RAJU Shrikant S.MANTRI R.SOWDHAMINI Ajay PARIDA Gayatri VENKATARAMAN M.S.Swaminathan research Foundation Chennai 600113India National agri-food Biotechnology Institute Punjab 140306India Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kanyakumari 629901India National centre for Biological Sciences/Tata Institute of Fundamental research Bangalore 560065India National research Institute for agriculture Food and Environment UniversityClermont-AuvergneClermont-Ferrand 63000France Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPraguePraha 16500Czech Republic Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore 641003India International Business Machines India Chennai 600125India Institute of Life Sciences Bhubaneswar 751023India

Asian cultivated rice shows allelic variation in sodium transporter,OsHKT1;5,correlating with shoot sodium exclusion(salinity tolerance).These changes map to intra/extracellularly-oriented loops that occur between four transmembrane-P loop-transmembrane(MPM)motifs in OsHKT1;***1;5 sequences from more recently evolved Oryza species(***/*** complex species)contain two expansions that involve two intracellularly oriented loops/helical regions between MPM domains,potentially governing transport characteristics,while more ancestral HKT1;5 sequences have shorter intracellular *** compared homology models for homoeologous OcHKT 1;5-K and OcHKT1;5-L from halophytic *** to identify complementary amino acid residues in OcHKT1;5-L that potentially enhance affinity for Na+.Using haplotyping,we showed that Asian cultivated rice accessions only have a fraction of HKT1;5 diversity available in progenitor wild rice species(*** and ***).Progenitor HKT1;5 haplotypes can thus be used as novel potential donors for enhancing cultivated rice salinity *** Asian rice accessions,10 non-synonymous HKT1;5 haplotypic groups *** HKT1;5 haplotypic diversities occur in cultivated indica gene pool compared to *** Haplotypes 2 and 10 occur in mutually exclusive japonica and indica groups,corresponding to haplotypes in *** salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant landraces,*** distinct haplotype partitioning may have originated in separate ancestral gene pools of indica and japonica,or from different haplotypes selected during *** of specific HKT1;5 haplotypes within the 3000 rice dataset may relate to eco-physiological fitness in specific geo-climatic and/or edaphic contexts.

关键词： HKT1 5 diversity single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype bacterial artificial chromosome salinity tolerance sodium transporter Oryza species

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Effect of processing on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in coffee beans

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food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 1-13页

作者： Hanjing Wu Jingyu Gu Amrit BK Malik A.Nawaz Colin J.Barrow Frank R.Dunshea Hafiz A.R.Suleria School of agriculture and food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkville3010VICAustralia Commonwealth Scientific and industrial research Organisation(CSIRO) Agriculture and Food671 Sneydes RoadPrivate Bag 16WerribeeVictoria3030Australia centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVIC3217Australia Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Coffee is one of the most prevalent and functional beverages around world owing to its rich content of bioactive *** compounds and alkaloids are two primary groups of bioactive compounds in coffee beans,which have been proven healthy benefits in regular and suitable daily *** have been recognized as protective factors,especially phenolic compounds,to perform high antioxidant capacities and potential to relieve the occurrence of chronic diseases and partial *** content and composition of bioactive and anti-nutritional compounds in coffee beans can be mainly influenced by variety,processing and storage *** cultivar of Arabica coffee beans(***)exhibits lower content of phenolic compounds but similar anti-nutritional substances with the comparison to Robusta(***).Comparing to green coffee beans,reasonable roasting contributes to the improvement of phenolic content and its total antioxidant activity because of the liberation of bound phenolic compounds and the generation of novel compounds with antioxidant *** intensive roasting will not only decrease the number of bioactive compounds within the coffee beans but also stimulate the generation of endogenous anti-nutritional compounds,which consequently reduce the coffee nutritional *** fluctuations of moisture content during storage would be the primary reason of the changes in the content of bioactive *** compounds in coffee beans perform outstanding bioaccessibility but relatively lower absorption efficiency because of the combination with other *** roasting would improve the bioavailability of bioactive *** interaction between phenolic compounds and proteins would also influence the bioavailability and bioactivity of bioactive compounds and final nutritional value after consumption.

关键词： Coffee beans Phenolic compounds Alkaloids Anti-nutritional compounds Roasting Bioavailability

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Effects of Biochar on the Abundance of Three agriculturally Important Soil Bacteria

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Journal of agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2014年第2期3卷 31-39页

作者： Tazeen Fatima Khan Monzur Morshed Ahmed Shah Muhammad Imamul Huq Bangladesh-Australia centre for Environmental research (BACER-DU) Department of Soil Water and Environment University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh industrial Microbiology Laboratory Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka Bangladesh

An in vitro study was conducted to make a comparative study of biochar and biomass on soil bacteria. The responses of three agriculturally important bacteria viz., Bradyrhizobium, Sulphate reducing and Iron oxidizing bacteria, were studied. Total viable counts were also made. Three different types of biomasses viz., rice husk, rice straw and saw dust, and biochars produced thereof were used for the study. The biomasses or biochars were applied to the soil at a rate of 5 t/ha. The study included seven different treatments of biomasses and corresponding biochars including a control. Total counts were made on the original materials as well as on the treated soils at 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation. Bacterial count was higher in all the biomass treated soils than the corresponding biochar treated ones including control. Although the presence of Bradyrhizobium, sulphate reducing and iron oxidizing bacteria were not noted in the fresh soils, their presence, however, was noted after incubation periods. The counts of all three bacteria are however lower in the biochar treated soils than the corresponding biomass treated soils. The paper discusses about the microbial soil health vis-à-vis biochar application, indicating that the materials exert negative effect on the soil microbial population and thereby likely to jeopardize soil health and crop production.

关键词： Biochar Bradyrhizobium Incubation Soil Health

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An Optical Based Biosensor for the Determination of Ammonium in Aqueous Environment

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第5期3卷 364-370页

作者： Nur Ellina Azmi Jaafar Abdullah Musa Ahmad Hamidah Sidek Lee Yook Heng Samsulida Abd Rahman industrial Biotechnology research centre SIRIM Berhad Shah Alam Malaysia industrial Biotechnology research centre SIRIM Berhad Shah Alam Malaysia. School of Chemical Sciences and food Technology Faculty of Sciences and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia. School of Chemical Sciences and food Technology Faculty of Sciences and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia.

A simple and rapid optical biosensor for the determination of ammonium was developed by immobilization of gluta-mate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and diaphorase (Dph) in chitosan film coated on a glass slide employing thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) as a color indicator. The developed biosensor displays a purple color formation of formazan attributed to the unreacted NADH in the reaction system in the presence of ammonium. The color intensity was found to decrease proportionally with the increase of ammonium concentrations after 10 min exposure. The linearity of the biosensor towards ammonium was in the range of 16.8 – 70 μM (R2 = 0.9955) with detection limit of 11 μM. A good agreement (R2 = 0.9984) with indothymol method was obtained in the measurement of fish pond water samples. The effect of potential interferences such as metals ion has also been evaluated.

关键词： Optical Biosensor Glutamate Dehydrogenase Diaphorase Ammonium

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An Out-Break of Epidemic Dropsy in the Barabanki District of Uttar Pradesh,India:A Limited Trial for the Scope of Antioxidants in the Management of Symptoms

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1992年第3期5卷 251-256页

作者： ARVIND KUMAR FIDA HUSAIN MUKUL DAS S.K.KHANNA Reader Department of Medicine Dyes and Food Adulterant Toxicology Laboratory Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Gandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals King George Medical College Lucknow.Private Practitioner Indira Market BarabankiP.O.Box No.'80Mahatma Gandhi MargLucknow 226001IndiaTo whom all correspondence should be addressed at ITRC

An attempt was made to explore the scope of the bio-antioxidants in the management of symptoms of epidemic dropsy caused by argemone alkaloids, sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. The study was performed on 24 randomly selected epidemic dropsy cases who consumed argemone contaminated mustard oil. On examination the cases revealed characteristic pitting edema over limbs (95.8%) accompanied by tenderness (79.2%) and diffuse erythema (95.8%). Tachycardia was present in 1/3 of the examined cases while evelated jugular venous pressure was seen in over 40% of the cases. In two of the cases, reddish-purplish blotches over lower limbs, not raised and which blanched on pressure, was an unusual feature. Chest X-ray revealed pulmonary congestion in 5 cases. ECG performed in 3 cases with severe breathlessness, showed non-specific ST-T changes most marked in L2,L3, avF and V2-V6 which reversed on recovery. Treatment with a combination of antioxidants, riboflavin and tocopherol showed improvement in pain in lower limbs (75%), edema (83.3%) and erythema (66.6%).

关键词： An Out-Break of Epidemic Dropsy in the Barabanki District of Uttar Pradesh India

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