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Use of Standard Operating Procedures for Supporting Cross-Organizational Emergency management: Challenges and Opportunities Identified from a Tabletop Exercise

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第5期15卷 673-687页

作者： Kristine Steen-Tveit Bj?rn Erik Munkvold Kjetil Rustenberg Department of Information Systems Centre for Integrated Emergency ManagementUniversity of Agder

This study investigated the crucial role of formulating and applying standard operating procedures(SOPs) in the context of emergency planning and response. The effective application of SOPs during operations is essential in order to address challenges that surpass individual organizational capacities. A specific focus on fostering efficient information sharing and executing specified actions maximizes the prospect of success. To explore the collective functionality of SOPs across organizations, we conducted a comprehensive tabletop exercise involving 10 organizations spanning tactical, operational,and strategic levels. Our analysis identified six key challenges, primarily related to the structures for information sharing,communication pathways, and the complex integration and application of common SOPs within these diverse organizational contexts. This research contributes insights into the use of SOPs in large-scale, cross-organizational scenarios.

关键词： Cross-organizational emergency management Standard operating procedures Tabletop exercise Team situational awareness

Temporal trends of hydro-climatic variables and their relevance in water resource management

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第1期36卷 63-75页

作者： Karim Solaimani Mahmoud Habaibnejad Abdollah Pirnia GIS Centre University of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Sari Department of watershed management University of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Sari

Identification of temporal changes in hydrological regimes of river basins is an important topic in contemporary hydrology because of the potential impacts of climate change on river flow *** this purpose,long-term historical records of rainfall(P),runoff(Q) and other climatic factors were used to investigate hydrological variability and trends in the Tajan River Basin over the period *** evaporation(E),rainfall variability index(d),evaporation ratio(CE) and runoff ratio(CQ) were estimated from the available hydroclimatological ***-Kendall trend analysis and nonparametric Sen’s slope estimates were performed on the respective time series variables to detect monotonic trend direction and magnitude of change over *** variability index showed that1973 was the wettest year(δ=+2.039) while 1985 was the driest(δ=-1.584).Also,decades 69-78 and89-98 were recognized as the wettest and driest decades *** gradient of variation of climatological parameters showed that during the study period,all three parameters of rainfall,evaporation and runoff have decreased and the variations of rainfall and evaporation were significant at the95% *** of hydrological changes due of dam construction(1999) showed that the amount and annual distribution of discharge were completely different pre and post-dam *** decreased in high water months and increased in low water months to meet water supply demands,especially for *** relationship between temperature and rainfall trends is compared for three stations in Mazandaran Province(Gorgan,Babolsar and Ramsar) from 1956 to 2003 and nine other stations with different statistical periods of 19-36 years,relating trends to northern hemisphere and global *** in temperature were accompanied by decreases in rainfall,and vice *** trends were not observed in northern hemisphere and world scales,where temperature increases are accompanied b

关键词： Climate change Human activity Hydroclimatological Trend analysis Mazandaran Tajan basin

Determine the most appropriate strategy for groundwater management in arid and semi-arid regions, Abhar Plain, Iran

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 97-115页

作者： Fatemeh Einlo Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi Mehdi Ghorbani Parviz Abdinejad watershed management Engineering Department of Rangeland and Watershed ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Desert StudiesYazd UniversityIran Department of Rangeland and watershed management Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert StudiesYazd UniversityIran Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions Faculty of Natural ResourcesTehran UniversityIran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Zanjan ZanjanIran

Due to growing demand and reduction of water resources and increasing pollution of water,driven by dramatic population and economic growth, arid and semi-arid land's imminent water problems are nowadays aggravating. This study aims to determine the most appropriate management strategies for balancing the Abhar plain aquifer using the SWOT coupled with AHP technique. The results indicate that weaknesses prevail over strengths as well as threats over opportunities. The placement in the quarter of weaknesses-threats with a defensive strategy indicates the critical condition of the Abhar plain aquifer. The most appropriate solutions to achieve the goal of balancing the groundwater were prioritized by AHP method. According to results, improper management of water consumption with a weight of 72.5% is the most destructive factor in reducing groundwater resources. Among the types of consumption, the effect of an agricultural factor carries a weight of 74.2%. The exploitation of illegal wells, overdraft of exploitation license provisions of wells, reduction of precipitation and traditional irrigation methods were selected as the destructive factors causing the deteriration of groundwater resources. Also, with filling the illegal wells,changing the type of cultivation and greenhouse crops cultivation, installing a smart water meter,observance the provisions of the water exploitation license, implementing integrated pressurized irrigation systems, benefiting from suitable climatic conditions and geographical location for cultivating and developing the low-water use species and industries and on the other hand, with implementing artificial recharge to control the surface water resources and reduce abstraction from groundwater aquifers, the adverse trend of Abhar Plain groundwater resources can be controlled.

关键词： Groundwater balancing Model SWOT AHP Abhar Plain aquifer

Solid Waste management:A MADM Approach Using Fuzzy Parameterized Possibility Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hypersoft Expert Settings

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 531-553页

作者： Tmader Alballa Muhammad Ihsan Atiqe Ur Rahman Noorah Ayed Alsorayea Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa Department of Mathematics College of SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia

The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems *** search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these *** scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated *** goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site *** characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these *** tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s *** this,an intelligent algorithm is *** steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains *** compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their *** study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,*** uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior *** is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is *** the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.

关键词： Hypersoft expert set Sanchez’s method decision making optimization solid waste management possibility grade fuzzy parameterization

Assessing dominant factors affecting soil erosion using a portable rainfall simulator

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第4期23卷 376-386页

作者： J.VAHABI D.NIKKAMI Soil Conservation and watershed management Research Institute

Investigating the causes of soil erosion is difficult in natural conditions owing to the presence of other factors. Without simplifying the experimental conditions, studying soil behavior with its numerous parameters while considering factors such as vegetation cover, topography, and rainfall is difficult and in most conditions impossible. The application of simulation approaches is therefore necessary to simplify the prototype. In this research, the effects of physical soil factors such as texture and antecedent soil moisture, along with land slope and vegetation cover were evaluated in the Taleghan watershed, Iran, using a rainfall simulator and soil erosion plots. For this purpose, a 89 × 120 cm rainfall simulator producing 24.5 and 32 mm/h rainfall intensities of 30 min duration, as a common condition of the study area, was used at 144 locations over soil erosion plots with dimensions of 95 × 125 cm. Plots had slope classes of 12–20 and 20–30 %, different soil textures, different antecedent soil moistures, and medium to poor vegetation cover conditions. It was found that for 24.5 and 32 mm/h rainfall intensities, the sediment yield had high correlations of –0.771 and –0.796 with vegetation cover and slight correlations of 0.045 and 0.029 with land slope respectively. Regression equations for predicting the sediment yield were also developed for different conditions.

关键词： Rainfall simulator Soil erosion Soil physical parameters Vegetation cover Taleghan watershed Iran

Interaction between climate and management on beta diversity components of vegetation in relation to soil properties in arid and semi-arid oak forests, Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 43-57页

作者： Heydari MEHDI Aazami FATEMEH Faramarzi MARZBAN Omidipour REZA Bazgir MASOUD Pothier DAVID Prévosto BERNARD Department of Forest Science College of Agriculture Ilam University Department of Rangeland and watershed management College of Agriculture Ilam University Department of Rangeland and watershed management College of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences Shahrekord University Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Ilam University Department of Wood and Forest Sciences Centre for Forest Research Laval University Irstea-National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m^2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m^2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.

关键词： climatic conditions conservation management beta diversity oak forests physical-chemical property semi-arid region

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Assessing the health and ecological security of a human induced watershed in central iran

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 421-435页

作者： Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Mehdi Vafakhah Vahid Moosavi Sanaz Pourfallah Asadabadi Padideh Sadat Sadeghi Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan Reza Bagheri Fahraji Seyed Hossein Mosavinia Abdolghasem Majidnia Sudabeh Gharemahmudli Hamidreza Moradi Rekabdarkolaei Department of watershed management Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorMazandaranIran General Department of Natural Resources and watershed management YazdIran watershed management Engineering and Science Gorgan University of Agricultural SciencesGorganGolestanIran

Assessment of the watershed health and associated ecological security is crucial for the proper land resources management,notably when sufficient money and time have *** present study aimed to prepare health and ecological security for the Pishkuh watershed in Yazd Province,central *** prepare the health atlas of the Pishkuh watershed,the conceptual framework of pressure,state,response(PSR)was *** pressure index was investigated by analyzing the driving forces of natural and human-induced ***,the existing conditions of the natural environment and the watershed performance were analyzed using the state ***,the response index was also calculated as a criterion for expressing the degree of community response or different watershed outcomes to the driving forces imposed on the watershed *** study results revealed that some 91 and 9%of the watershed were classified as moderately healthy and relatively *** results of the ecological security index further showed that some 41%of the area was categorized as relatively poor *** results of the current study can be used by local managers and decision-makers to adaptively designate appropriate,economic,and goal-targeted solutions for the resources management in the region.

关键词： Adaptive management integrated watershed management Land management Sustainable development watershed sustainability

Groundwater quality modeling using self-organizing map(SOM) and geographic information system(GIS) on the Caspian southern coasts

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第7期17卷 1724-1734页

作者： Vahid GHOLAMI Mohammad Reza KHALEGHI Edris TAGHVAYE SALIMI Department of Range and watershed management Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of GuilanRashtIran Department of Range and watershed management Torbat-e-Jam BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTorbat-e-JamIran

Groundwater is the main source for water provision in the arid and semi-arid areas such as *** groundwater quality was simulated by using a hybrid model integrating a Self-Organizing Map(SOM)and geographic information system(GIS).SOM and GIS were used as pre-processing and postprocessing tools in the Mazandaran ***,the Ground Water Quality Index(GWQI)and its effective factors were estimated by using digital maps and the secondary *** Solutions software was used for simulating the groundwater *** do this,a model was trained and optimized in the SOM and then the optimized model was *** the next step,the performance of SOM in groundwater quality simulation was confirmed(test stage,Rsqr=0.8,and MSE=0.008).Then,the digital maps of the SOM inputs were converted to raster format in *** the last step,a raster layer was generated by combining the model input layers which comprised the model inputs *** tested SOM was used to simulate GWQI in the sites without the secondary data of the groundwater ***,the groundwater quality map was generated by coupling the results of SOM estimations and GIS *** results revealed that the coupling of SOM and GIS has high performance in the simulation of the groundwater *** to the results,a limited area of the studied plain has groundwater resources with low quality(GWQI>0.04).Therefore,that will be a threat to the life of humans,animals,and vegetative ***,it is necessary to plan for managing the groundwater quality in the Mazandaran plain.

关键词： Simulation GWQI index Optimization Test Groundwater quality map

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Tracing suspended and bed sediments during high and low water periods using geochemical characteristics-Case study:Vazrood watershed,northern Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 470-483页

作者： KARIMI Nabiyeh GHOLAMI Leila KAVIAN Ataollah KHALEDI DARVISHAN Abdulvahed Department of watershed management Faculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySari ***Iran Department of watershed management Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoor ***Iran

Complete and comprehensive information about sediment dynamic and identification of hotspots of sediment production and transport are necessary for understanding the erosion processes and increasing the efficiency of soil and water conservation *** studies used the sediment fingerprint techniques to investigate the contribution of different sources in suspended and bed sediment yield of the ***,the contribution of various land use/land covers in suspended and bed sediment yield for the great Caspian Sea basin is in an aura of ambiguity and the present study was conducted to gather information about an important part of this area in northern Iran,where rangelands are located upstream of Hyrcanian forests and dense agricultural lands are located *** surface soil of different land use/land covers including forest,rangeland,agriculture and streambank lands were sampled in 30 *** and bed sediments were sampled in the watershed outlet in two high and low water *** characteristics of soil and sediment samples containing 59 elements were measured using ICP-OES GBC *** reliable and suitable tracers from 59 elements were then selected using Range test,Kruskal-Wallis and Discriminant Function Analysis,respectively,in FingerPro package of R *** results showed that for suspended sediment,streambank and rangeland had the highest contributions of 86.2%and 47.5%,respectively,in two high and low water *** bed sediment,in two high and low water periods,rangeland and streambank had the highest contributions of 73.8%and 84.4%,*** use change and especially human activities such as agriculture,road construction and development of residential areas along the main river riparian zone has led to a significant increase in suspended and bed sediments.

关键词： Caspian Sea basin FingerPro Geochemistry Sediment transport Tracer combination

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