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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 815-824页

作者： Yitades Gebre Nikkiah Forbes Teshome Gebre Pan American health organization/World health organization Country Office National HIV/AIDS and Infectious Disease Programme Ministry of Health International Trachoma initiative the Task Force for Global Health

On February 1, 2016, the World health organization declared that the cluster of microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders constitute public health emergency of international concern. Furthermore, few studies demonstrated that there was an increased evidence of causal relationship of Zika virus(ZIKAV) infection and microcephaly, birth abnormalities and neurological disorders such as Guillain–Barre′ *** transmission occurs mainly by the bite of infected mosquitos(Aedes species), but there are also reports that infections could occur via the placenta, breast milk, saliva,blood transfusion and sex. This article reviews the global efforts, progress in scientific research to understand the pathogenesis of ZIKAV infection & disease, clinical presentations, congenital transmission and autoimmune neurological disorders. The paper further explores the knowledge gaps, future priority research agenda for strategic response including vector control and prevention. We conducted a systematic literature review to synthesise available evidence on ZIKAV infection and its vector and host interaction from electronic databases.

关键词： Zika virus Zika virus transmission Vector Microcephaly Guillain–Barré syndrome Zika virus research

Addressing neglected tropical diseases in Africa:a health equity perspective

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Global health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 233-239页

作者： Nsikakabasi Samuel George Success Chekwube David Maxencia Nabiryo Blessing Abai Sunday Omotayo Faith Olanrewaju Yonah Yangaza Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa Kano State Ministry of health KanoNigeria Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria integrated community health initiative organization KampalaUganda School of Public health Department of Community Health and Behavioural SciencesMakerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda Faculty of Pharmacy University of UyoUyoNigeria Muhimbi University of Heath and Allied Science Dar es SalaamTanzania Faculty of Pharmacy University of LagosLagosNigeria

Africa accounts for over one-third of the global burden of neglected tropical diseases(NTDs).Although continental efforts have been made to combat these diseases,there still exists a significant gap in the fight,ranging from a lack of data to multisectoral participation and,most critically,health ***,we assess the effort made to combat challenges caused by health disparities to prevent and control neglected tropical *** article engages a health equity view to addressing the need for inclusion in achieving universal health coverage towards eradicating NTDs and outlines strategies to achieve *** disparities exist,and there is substantial and irrefutable evidence for *** distribution and limited access to basic and essential life resources such as water,housing,toilets,soap,and literacy continue to facilitate the existence of NTDs such as Schistosomiasis,soil-transmitted helminths,and trachoma,the occurrence of which can be avoided if affected populations have better access to those *** eradicate NTDs,health disparities must be addressed to provide excellent health care to all populations and adequate universal health coverage for long-term *** programmes need to be data-driven to ensure better decision-making and ensure the inclusion of diverse population groups including women,children,and *** will ensure that no one is left behind,drawing upon the sustainable development *** participation and engagement should also be considered as an essential approach to ensure people are at the centre of health programmes and their implementation.

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases health equity Africa Epidemiology Social determinants of health

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第2期30卷 137-145页

作者： Masako Shintaku Department of Gastroenterology Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hoshigaoka Medical CenterHirakata 573-8511OsakaJapan

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis(EIPD)is a disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by usually systemic,cystic dilatation of the excretory ducts of esophageal submucosal *** this article,I review the epidemiology,clinical manifestations,endoscopic findings,esophagographic findings,and histopathology of EIPD.I also discuss the etiology and possible pathogenesis of EIPD based on my experiences with this disease and a review of the *** usually presents with dysphagia in middle-aged *** is often complicated with secondary infections,most commonly *** esophagography,EIPD is delineated as small,multiple,flask-shaped outward projections within the esophageal *** recent years,EIPD has been mainly diagnosed by endoscopic findings of multiple,localized,small mucosal *** orifices of the“pseudodiverticula”periodically open and close,and excrete mucus onto the mucosal *** histopathological examination,the luminal surface of dilated ducts in EIPD is covered by multilayered,hyperplastic epithelial cells,but myoepithelial cells in the glandular acini are well *** of EIPD is usually symptomatic therapy,and prevention of the infectious complications is *** etiology and pathogenesis of EIPD are largely unknown,but functional abnormalities of autonomic nerve fibers innervating the esophageal glands likely play an important role,since the structures of the glands are basically preserved in this disease.

关键词： Esophageal endoscopy Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Esophagography Dysphagia

Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of mosquito species during the dry season along the Mara River and its tributaries,in Kenya and Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 14-29页

作者： Gabriel O.Dida Douglas N.Anyona Paul O.Abuom Daniel Akoko Samson O.Adoka Ally-Said Matano Philip O.Owuor Collins Ouma School of Public health and community Development Maseno UniversityMasenoKenya School of Environment and Earth Sciences Maseno UniversityMasenoKenya Impact Research and Development organization KisumuKenya School of health Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and TechnologyBondoKenya East African community/Lake Victoria Basin Commission KisumuKenya Department of Chemistry Maseno UniversityMasenoKenya Department of community and Public health Technical University of KenyaNairobiKenya

Background:Vector-borne diseases are increasingly becoming a major health problem among communities living along the major rivers of *** larger water bodies such as lakes and dams have been extensively researched,rivers and their tributaries have largely been *** study sought to establish the spatial distribution of mosquito species during the dry season and further characterize their habitats along the Mara River and its ***:In this cross-sectional survey,mosquito larvae were sampled along the Mara River,its two perennial tributaries(Amala and Nyangores),drying streams,and adjacent aquatic habitats(***,puddles that receive direct sunlight[open sunlit puddles],rock pools,hippo and livestock hoof prints,and vegetated pools).Each habitat was dipped 20 times using a standard *** between breeding sites and human habitation was determined using global positioning system *** collected mosquito larvae were identified using standard taxonomic *** physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ using a multiparameter *** mosquito larvae per habitat type were compared using analysis of variance and chi-square tests,while the relationship between mosquito larvae and physicochemical parameters was evaluated using a generalized linear mixed *** Cox-Stuart test was used to detect trends of mosquito larvae *** test allowed for verification of monotonic tendency(rejection of null hypothesis of trend absence)and its ***:A total of 4001 mosquito larvae were collected,of which 2712(67.8%)were collected from river/stream edge habitats and 1289(32.2%)were sampled from aquatic habitats located in the terrestrial ecosystem about 50 m away from the main river/*** gambiae s.s,***,and *** group,the three most potent vectors of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa,together with other anopheline mosquitoes,were the most dominant mosquito species(70.3%)

关键词： Anopheles gambiae Anopheles funestus Culex Mosquito Larval habitat Mara River Kenya Tanzania

Population-based affective-disorder-related biomedical/biophysical multi-hyper-morbidity across the lifespan:A 16-year population study

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第7期13卷 423-434页

作者： David R L Cawthorpe Dan Cohen community health Sciences and Psychiatry Cumming School of MedicineCalgary T2N4N1AlbertaCanada Mental health organization North-Holland North Utrecht UniversityAlkmaar 1811North HollandNetherlands

BACKGROUND There are few if any life-span population-based studies of psychiatric disorderassociated biomedical and biophysical disorders and diseases(morbidity).AIM To scope the present state of research regarding the biomedical and biophysical morbidity associated with affective and mental disorder in epidemiological samples,and to examine the life-span relationship between affective disorders and biomedical/biophysical disorders to illustrate a novel approach employing the odds ratio to represent the intensity of biomedical and biophysical morbidity associated in time in a *** A repeatable systematic literature search of PubMed was represented in ***,a regional population-based dataset was constructed and analyzed to represent the age-and sex-specific diagnoses(International Classification of Diseases Version 9,ICD-9)for those with and without affective *** analysis presents a novel index of the relative age-specific frequency of life-span biomedical and biophysical diagnoses associated with affective *** The volume of biomedical and biophysical morbidity associated with mental disorder literature has increased,yet few studies measure comprehensive temporal hyper-morbidity(over-representation of diseases over time,either before or after the index diagnostic event)in ***,there have been only a few population-based studies examining the morbidity associated with affective disorder and only one that examines the full diagnostic range of lifespan *** differences arose between males and females with more females than males having greater frequencies of *** age-specific distributions of the maximum proportional diagnosis frequency ratios for each sex illustrate the greatest diagnosis-specific differences when comparing the biomedical and biophysical diagnoses of those with and without affective disorder when the same diagnosis was represented in each grouping at the same a

关键词： Biomedical/biophysical morbidity Temporal hyper-morbidity Mental disorder Population Epidemiology

health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (health-EDRM):Developing the Research Field within the Sendai Framework Paradigm

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 145-149页

作者： Sharon Tsoon Ting Lo Emily Ying Yang Chan Gloria Kwong Wai Chan Virginia Murray Jonathan Abrahams Ali Ardalan Ryoma Kayano Johnny Chung Wai Yau Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for health & Human Rights Harvard University Public health England The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Scientific and Technical Advisory Group integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Scientific Committee World health organization Tehran University of Medical Sciences World health organization Kobe Centre for health Development Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong

The intersection of health and disaster risk reduction(DRR) has emerged in recent years as a field of critical *** is recognized as an outcome and a goal of DRR,and the integration of both fields is essential to ensure the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–*** Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(health-EDRM) has emerged as an umbrella field that encompasses emergency and disaster medicine,DRR,humanitarian response,community health resilience,and health systems *** September 2016,an international group of experts met in Hong Kong to assess the current status and potential of the health-EDRM research field,a research area that these scholars characterized as underdeveloped and *** challenges identified include research overlap,lack ofstrategic research agenda,absence of consensus regarding terminology,and limited coordination between *** Sendai Framework provides a useful paradigm within which to shape the research field's strategic *** WHO Thematic Platform for health-EDRM Research Group was established to coordinate activities,promote information-sharing,develop partnerships,and provide technical advice to strengthen the health-EDRM research *** group will promote the generation of robust and scientific health research to support the meaningful implementation of the Sendai Framework.

关键词： health disaster risk reduction health emergency and disaster risk management health-EDRM Sendai Framework

Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in sub- Saharan Africa: Implications for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第36期27卷 6025-6038页

作者： Edina Amponsah-Dacosta Vaccines for Africa initiative School of Public Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa

Elimination of viral hepatitis in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030 is an ambitious ***,as stated by the World health organization,there are unprecedented opportunities to act and make significant contributions to the elimination *** 60 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)of whom 38800 are at risk of developing highly fatal hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)every year,sub-Saharan Africa faces one of the greatest battles towards elimination of viral *** is a need to examine progress in controlling the disproportionate burden of HBV-associated HCC in sub-Saharan Africa within the context of this elimination *** scaling-up coverage of hepatitis B birth dose and early childhood vaccination,we can significantly reduce new cases of HCC by as much as 50%within the next three to five *** the substantial reservoir of chronic HBV carriers however,projections show that HCC incidence and mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa will double by *** warrants urgent public health *** trends in the burden of HCC over the next two decades,will be determined to a large extent by progress in achieving early diagnosis and appropriate linkage to care for high-risk chronic HBV infected persons.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Viral hepatitis,Hepatocellular Carcinoma Elimination Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sub-Saharan Africa

Relational coordination and healthcare management in lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第12期2卷 757-768页

作者： José Antonio Vinagre Romero Juan Del Llano Se?arís Carmen De Pablos Heredero Mark Nuijten Clinical Management Business Organization Entrepreneurship Health Administration Business Organization Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Respiratory Unit at La Paz University Hospital28046 Madrid Spain community health Gaspar Casal Foundation Universidad Pompeu Fabra-CRES 28006 Madrid Spain Economics Rey Juan Carlos University School of Social Sciences Doctoral Program in Business Organization and Entrepreneurship 28032 Madrid Spain Rotterdam School of Management Erasmus University University of Maastricht the University of Groningen 3062 PA Rotterdam The Netherlands

In the current socio-economic scenario characterized by a growing shortage of resources and progressive budget constraints, the need to better coordinate processes in health institutions appears as a relevant aspect to ensure the future sustainability of system. In this sense, Relational Coordination(RC) provides a valuable opportunity for the reconfiguration of clinical guidelines concerning isolated single-level considerations. In this research the RC model has been applied to explain best results in the process of diagnosing and offering clinical treatments for lung cancer. Lung cancer presents the higher rates of tumor's mortality worldwide. Through unstructured and informal interviews with clinicians at both levels(Primary/Specialist Care), a diagnosis of the situation in relation to joint management of lung cancer is provided. Solutions of continuity in terms of coordination are explained due to the observation of lack of effective knowledge transfer between the two levels. It is this disconnection which justifies the introduction of a modified model of RC for the study and implementation of transfer relations between the knowledge holders, in order to structure consolidated and cooperative evidence-based models that lead to a substantial shortening in the response times with a marked outcomes improvement. To our knowledge, the application of this model to a Public health problem bringing together both levels of care, hasn't been made till now.

关键词： Relational Coordination Lung cancer Clinical pathway Dialogic practices High performance work systems healthcare performance

Simple Insulin Dose Adjustment Using 3-3-1 Algorithm in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Start Kanazawa Study (Self-Titration Aggressive Algorithm with Glargine Trial)

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2016年第3期6卷 197-203页

作者： Kenji D. Furukawa Naoto Yamaaki Aya Fujimoto Kiminori Ohyama Hiroaki Muramoto Department of Internal Medicine Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO) Kanazawa Hospital Kanazawa Japan

We implemented a 3-3-1 algorithm in order to provide safe and simple self-titration in patients who newly initiated BOT as well as who were already on BOT and evaluated its utility in clinical setting. A total of 46 patients, 21 patients in the newly-initiated group and 25 patients in the existing BOT group performed dose adjustment using 3-3-1 algorithm. HbA1c was significantly improved 4 weeks after the initiation from 8.5% ± 1.2% at baseline to 7.3% ± 0.7% at the final evaluation (p 0.01, vs. Baseline). The average daily insulin units increased throughout the study period from 10.1 ± 6.7 at baseline to 14.6 ± 8.9 units at the final evaluation. Weight didn’t significantly change throughout the study (p = 0.12). The incidents of hypoglycemia were 0.8/month during the insulin dose self-adjustment period and 0.4/month during the follow-up period. The 3-3-1 algorithm using insulin glargine provided a safe and simple dose adjustment and demonstrated its utility in patients who were newly introduced to insulin treatment as well as who were already on BOT.

关键词： Glargine Self-Titration BOT T2DM Insulin 3-3-1 Algorithm

Towards safe injection practices for prevention of hepatitis C transmission in South Asia: Challenges and progress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5837-5852页

作者： Naveed Zafar Janjua Zahid Ahmad Butt Bushra Mahmood Arshad Altaf Clinical Prevention Services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control School of Population and Public health University of British Columbia Vancouver Service Delivery and Safety World Health Organization

AIM: To summarize the available information about injection use and its determinants in the South Asian region. METHODS: We searched published and unpublished literature on injection safety in South Asia published during 1995-2016 using the keywords "injection" "unsafe injection" and "immunization injection" and combined these with each of the countries and/or their respective states or provinces in South Asia. We used a standardized questionnaire to abstract the following data from the articles: the annual number of injections per capita, the proportion of injections administered with a reused syringe or needle, the distribution of injections with respect to prescribers and providers and determinants of injection use. RESULTS: Although information is very limited for certain countries(i.e., Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka), healthcare injection use is very common across South Asia, with cross-country rates ranging from 2.4 to 13.6 injections/person/year. Furthermore, recent studies show that 5% to 50% of these injections are provided with reused syringes, thus creating potential to transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Qualified and unqualified practitioners, especially in the private sector, are the major drivers behind injection use, but patients also prefer injections, especially among the rural, poor or uneducated in certain countries. According to available data, Pakistan and India have recently taken steps towards achieving safe injection. Potential interventions include the introduction of reuse prevention devices, and patient-, community- and patient/community and provider-centered interventionsto change population and practitioner behavior. CONCLUSION: Injection use is common in South Asian countries. Multilevel interventions aiming at patients, providers and the healthcare system are needed to reduce injection use and reuse.

关键词： Unsafe injections Hepatitis C Hepatitis B South Asia Prescription practices