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Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds(Buphagus spp.)in Namibia

Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 336-344页

作者： Michael S.Lukubwe Daniel Velarde-Garcéz Fernando Sequeira Susana Lopes Adrian J.F.K.Craig Vanessa A.Mata department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa department of Wildlife Management and Tourism Studies University of NamibiaKatima Mulilo CampusNamibia departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa,oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic *** to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit,the type of symbiotic relationship can be *** addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks,oxpeckers frequently feed on blood,mucus,and saliva,inflicting potential damage on the ***,we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker(Buphagus africanus)and Red-billed Oxpecker(***)in northeastern *** contrast to conventional methods,DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same *** this information,we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities,as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod *** findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals,ticks,and flies;however,ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an *** observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology,which is strongly correlated with locality and,to a lesser extent,with the mammal *** noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods,with 32%of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal *** study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds,shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

关键词： Commensalism Diet DNA metabarcoding Oxpeckers Parasitism Trophic ecology

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Regional and age-dependent differences in the effect of wind on the mi^ratorv routes of Eleonora＇s falcon

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 428-434页

作者： Ugo MELLONE Rube LIMINAN Pascual LOPEZ-LOPEZ Vicente URIOS Vertebrates Zoology Research Group Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales University of Alicante Apdo. 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain

During migration, birds can show different responses to wind in relation to distance to the goal, experience, ecologi- cal barriers and visibility of landmarks. We analysed the effect of wind （tailwinds and crosswinds） on daily movement rates （for- ward and perpendicular） of Eleonora＇s falcons using ARGOS satellite telemetry, during their trans-continental autumn migration to Madagascar, in relation to the different crossed regions and individuals＇ age class. Our results showed that the effect of wind on daily movement rates was not uniform, being stronger in the farthest region from the migration goal, the Sahara desert, with adults being more affected than juveniles in this region. In the Sahel, the results were more conflicting, perhaps because daily movements were more shaped by the distribution of food resources. In Equatorial Africa, daily movement rates were mainly af- fected by crosswinds. Still, it remains unclear which orientation mechanism allows Eleonora＇s falcons to reach such a narrow wintering area compensating also for wind displacement

关键词： Migration Raptors Africa Wind Drift Satellite Telemetry Orientation

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Mitochondrial phylogeography of the Iberian endemic frog Rana iberica,with implications for its conservation

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Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 755-764页

作者： Jose TEIXEIRA Helena GONCALVES Nuno FERRAND Mario GARCIA-PARiS Ernesto RECUERO Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de LeixoesMatosinhos 4450-208Portugal Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e recursos Geneticos (CIBIO-InBIO) Universidade do PortoRua Padre Armando QuintasVairao 4485-661Portugal Museu de Historia Natural e da Cieneia da Universidade do Porto (MHNC-UP) Praca Gomes TeixeiraPorto 4099-002Portugal departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do PortoPorto 4099-002Portugal Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) Calle de Jose Gutierrez Abascal2Madrid 28006Spain

Genetic characterization of species using phylogeographic approaches represents a basic reference to understand their evolutionary history as well as to identify conservation priorities to protect areas of particular interest regarding evolutionary *** in well-studied regions such information is lacking for the majority of species,including many endemic species with reduced distribution *** investigate the phylogeographic pattern of the Iberian frog Rana iberica,an endemic amphibian restricted to Central and North-Western Iberian *** mitochondrial sequences,we reconstruct the phylogeographic history of the species to test the effect of Quaternary climate changes on the evolutionary diversification of lineages,that is,the differentiation of mitochondrial lineages and the formation of genetic diversity melting pots,and integrate phylogeographic evidence for future conservation *** results indicate the existence of 3 main mitochondrial lineages differentiated during the Upper *** historical demographic analyses and climatic niche modeling show a strong effect of glacial climate changes,suggesting recurrent range contractions and *** such circumstances,differentiation took place most likely by isolation in allopatric interglacial *** lineage admixture in northern Portugal generated a broad mixed zone with highest nucleotide *** its particular evolutionary potential,its reduced distribution and eventual threats under current climate change scenario,conservation priorities should focus on the isolated lineage from Sierra de Guadalupe.

关键词： climate niche modeling conservation demography glacial refugia phylogeegraphy Amphibia

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Effect of Combined Use of Brackish Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomass and Sugar Yield of Sweet Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2012年第6期22卷 785-794页

作者： T.B.RAMOS N.L.CASTANHEIRA M.C.GONALVES M.L.FERNANdeS M.I.JANURIO M.E.LOURENO F.P.PIRES J.C.MARTINS CEER-Biosystems Engineering Institute of Agronomy Technical University of Lisbon Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisbon (Portugal) Estao Agronómica Nacional L-INIA Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos Quinta do Marquês Av. República 2784-505 Oeiras (Portugal) departamento de Fitotecnia Instituto de Ci encias Agrrias e Ambientais Mediterrnicas Universidade de vora Apartado 94 7002-554 vora (Portugal)

Soil salinization and non-point source pollution are among the most important and widespread environmental problems in European Mediterranean regions. Sweet sorghum （Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench var. saccharatum） is a moderate to high salinity tolerant crop with low water and nutrient needs, seen as an alternative to grow in the water scarce regions. A three-year multifactorial study was conducted in southern Portugal to evaluate the combined effects of saline water and nitrogen application on the dry biomass （total, stems, and leaves）, sugar content （total reducing sugars and sucrose eontents） and sugar yield （here defined as the product of total reducing sugars and stems dry biomass） functions of sweet sorghum. Sorghum dry biomass and sugar yield showed diminishing returns for each incremental change of nitrogen. The use of saline irrigation waters also led to yield reduction. Exception was sucrose content which increased with increasing levels of sodium in the soil. Nitrogen need decreased as the amount of sodium applied increased. Stem dry biomass, sucrose content, and sugar yield progressively increased with progress in the experiment. The effect could be attributed to the increase of the amount of irrigation applied throughout the years, thus increasing the leaching fraction which promoted salt leaching from the root zone, reduced the salinity stress, increased plant transpiration, nitrogen uptake and biomass yield.

关键词： Mediterranean conditions non-point source pollution salinity sweet sorghum yield functions

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Agro-morphological Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Native Peruvian Chili Peppers

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2016年第3期6卷 180-187页

作者： Kirti Patel Rosa Calderon Edgard Asencios Dioliza Vilchez Mavel Marcelo Rosario Rojas Unidad de lnvestigacion en Productos Naturales Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima 31 Peril Sub Direccion de recursos Geneticos Direccion de Recursos Geneticos y Biotecnologia Instituto Nacional de InnovacionAgraria Lima 12 Peru

In this work, 31 native Peruvian chili peppers were evaluated for their agro-morphological characteristics and sensory attributes. The descriptive sensory analysis （DSA） was used to evaluate the 31 chili pepper samples based on their acid, bell pepper, sweet, tomato, apple, citrus, fruity, herbal, oregano and passion fruit attributes. The data obtained from the DSA enabled the grouping of these 31 chili peppers into six groups based on their different sensory attributes, such as fruity, bell pepper and herbal. The most abundant group （12 of the 31） had the bell pepper, apple, herbal, fruity and sweet attributes. Each group contained different species and different physical appearances, indicating that species or different forms of chili pepper do not define that sensory attribute. Considering the fact that Peruvian peppers are in high demand, the results achieved would be useful for growers, producers and chefs, as well as for further breeding activities.

关键词： Chili peppers Peru sensory analysis agro-morphological characteristics.

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Factors determining the occupancy of nest-boxes by Great Tits(Parus major)in eucalypt plantations

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 200-205页

作者： Ricardo S.Ceia Pedro B.Lopes Luís Pda Silva Centre for Functional Ecology–Science for People&the Planet Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra3000-456CoimbraPortugal CIBIO Centro de Investigaçao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de Vair aoUniversidade do Porto4485-661VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de Vai~ao4485-661VairaoPortugal

Providing nest-boxes as surrogate tree cavities can be of great importance to increase the breeding populations of cavity-nesting birds in managed ***,the exact placement of nest-boxes should be taken into consideration to enhance their occupancy according to species-specific *** this study,we investigated which factors can better predict nest-box occupancy by the Great Tit(Parus major)in eucalypt *** used generalised linear mixed-effects models to analyse the influence of topography,nest-box positioning,vegetation cover and landscape variables on three-year occupancy records from 80 newly provided ***-random patterns of nest-box occupancy were found with respect to all categories except *** suggest that Great Tits prefer to occupy high-placed nest-boxes,close to areas that can provide them with supplementary resources either within or in the vicinity of the stand(i.e.,trees other than eucalypts,riparian vegetation,and large patches of adjacent habitats).Overall,this study provides important recommendations for nest-box placement and spatial distribution in managed forests and enhances the potential of nest-box interventions as a biodiversity offset and management tool.

关键词： Eucalyptus globulus Managed forest Nest-site attributes Secondary cavity-nester Species-specific preferences Tit

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Improving the knowledge of plant potential biodiversity-ecosystem services links using maps at the regional level in Southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 709-734页

作者： Yamina Micaela Rosas Pablo L.Peri María Vanessa Lencinas Romina Lasagno Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur Laboratorio de recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral(UNPA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)CC 3329400 Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) CC 3329400 Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina.

Background:Biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem services,whereas species loss endangers the provision of many services and affects ecosystem resilience and resistance *** increase of remote sensing techniques allows to estimate biodiversity and ecosystem services supply at the landscape level in areas with low available data(*** Patagonia).This paper evaluates the potential biodiversity and how it links with ecosystem services,based on vascular plant species across eight ecological *** also evaluated the habitat plant requirements and their relation with natural gradients.A total of 977 plots were used to develop habitat suitability maps based on an environmental niche factor analysis of 15 more important indicator species for each ecological area(n=53 species)using 40 explanatory ***,these maps were combined into a single potential biodiversity map,which was linked with environmental variables and ecosystem services *** comparisons,data were extracted and compared through analyses of ***:The plant habitat requirements varied greatly among the different ecological areas,and it was possible to define groups according to its specialization and marginality *** potential biodiversity map allowed us to detect coldspots in the western mountains and hotspots in southern and eastern *** biodiversity was associated to higher temperatures and normalized difference vegetation index,while lower biodiversity was related to elevation and *** biodiversity was closely associated with supporting and provisioning ecosystem services in shrublands and grasslands in the humid steppe,while the lowest values were related to cultural ecosystem services in Nothofagus ***:The present study showed that plant species present remarkable differences in spatial distributions and ecological requirements,being a useful proxy for potential biodiversity *** biodiversity values

关键词： Habitat suitability Environmental variables Ecosystem functions Conservation management Ecosystem services Landscape modelling

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Structural Changes by Thermal Treatment up to Glass Obtention of P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2Compounds with Bioglass Composition Types

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2013年第1期3卷 53-57页

作者： Cristina Volzone Franco Matías Stábile CETMIC Centro de Tecnología de recursos Minerales y Cerámica Buenos Aires Argentina.

P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 compounds are the base of certain glass types. Glasses are solids obtained by fast cooling of melted mix of certain compounds. Different compositions give origin to many products with a variety of applications such as: bottles, coatings, windows, tools for chemical industry, laboratory equipment, optics, as bioceramics, etc. The aim of this work was to analyze structural changes of different composition in the P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 systems thermally treated up to 1250?C, that is to say, before glass formation, by X ray diffraction. Intermediate and final developed phases up to 1100?C thermal treatment in samples were generated as a function of Na2O/CaO (1 and 1.62) and P2O5/Na2O ratios (0, 0.2 and 0.245). High-and low-combeites, calcium and sodium-calcium silicate were found at the highest studied temperature.

关键词： Glass Ceramics Structure Thermal Treatment

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Forage offering and seasonal intake comparisons to evaluate European rabbit threat in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 604-617页

作者： Alejandro Huertas Herrera Mónica Toro‑Manríquez Laura Borrelli María Vanessa Lencinas Guillermo Martínez Pastur Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia(CIEP) Camino Baguales s/n Km 4CoyhaiqueChile Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda. Ignacio Serrano 420CoyhaiqueChile Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) EEA BarilocheModesta Victoria 44508400 San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Laboratorio de recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina.

Background:The European rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus L.1758)was introduced into different regions of the world,generating significant trade‑offs that critically impacted native ***,we evaluate the rabbit’s forage intakes in three vegetation types(forests,shrublands,and grasslands)along the four seasons in a temperate forest landscape in Southern Patagonia and discuss the potential threats over native *** formulated the following questions:(i)what is the forage offer at each vegetation type?(ii)what is the rabbit’s forage intake and how it varied across the seasons along the year?and(iii)which vegetation types and plant life forms were more used according to the rabbit’s forage intakes?Methods:We censused understory vegetation to characterize the forage offer at each vegetation type and determined seasonal dietary intakes using microhistological analysis of *** plant species identified in the field were grouped according to life form classes(tree regeneration,shrubs,forbs,graminoids,orchids,ferns,bryophytes,and hemiparasites).Data were analysed through uni‑and multi‑variate analyses,determining relationships between forage offer and the rabbit’s forage ***:Forage intakes revealed changes in plant life form consumption across vegetation types,where intake pressure was considerably different for tree regeneration(p=0.001),graminoids(p=0.001),and hemiparasites(p=0.001).Besides,significant changes in consumption among seasons were detected for shrubs(p=0.001),ferns(p=0.030),and hemiparasites(p=0.002).Although many species play an important role in the rabbit’s forage intake networks(e.g.,Chiliotrichum diffusum,Holcus lanatus),the strongest intake linkages were found in exotic grasses(e.g.,Poa pratensis and Festuca sp.),native hemiparasites(e.g.,Misodendrum sp.),native shrubs(e.g.,Empetrum rubrum),and native trees(e.g.,Nothofagus sp.).The summer and autumn seasons presented higher intake compared to the winter and spring seasons.F

关键词： Forest ecology Oryctolagus cuniculus Plant-animal interaction Vegetation type Herbivory Habitat use

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Shade coffee plantations maintain woody plant diversity and structure in a cloud forest landscape of southern Mexico

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 637-648页

作者： Edson AAlvarez-Alvarez R.Carlos Almazán-Nunez Fernando González-García Marlene Brito-Millán Alfredo Méndez-Bahena Sergio García-Ibáñez Maestría en recursos Naturales y Ecología Facultad de Ecología MarinaUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39390 AcapulcoGuerreroMexico Laboratorio Integral de Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Químico-BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39090 Chilpancingo de los BravoGuerreroMexico Red Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de EcologíaA.C.CP 91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States(UC MEXUS) Cuerpo Académico Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental SustentableFacultad de Ciencias Químico-BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39090 Chilpancingo de los BravoGuerreroMexico Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación Facultad de Ciencias Químico-BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39090 Chilpancingo de los BravoGuerreroMexico Laboratorio de Ecología Cuantitativa Facultad de Ecología MarinaUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39390 AcapulcoGuerreroMexico

Cloud forest ecosystems of the Latin American tropics are highly threatened by changes in land-use such as expanding croplands and livestock pastures that promote shifts in the structure and composition of plant communities in these ***,shade coffee plantations represent a forest management alternative that has been shown to maintain biodiversity in these *** this study,we evaluated changes in the composition,diversity,and structure of Mexican cloud-forest woody species for three land use categories:cattle pastures,shade coffee plantations and advanced succession *** each category,fifteen 0.28-ha plots were established and the composition and diversity of vegetation was *** of species was analyzed using ordination methods,and alpha diversity was compared using Hill ***-seven woody species belonging to 40 families were *** richness and diversity was high in both the advanced successional forest and coffee plantations compared to cattle *** composition and structure was similar between late succession forests and coffee plantations with both land uses also being more structurally complex than cattle *** results show how shade coffee cultivation is a land-use activity that maintains woody plant communities in a manner that aligns with biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Land uses Late succession Plant diversity Shade coffee Vegetation structure

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