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Edge Effects of Oil Pipeline Canopy Openings on Tree Community Structure and Dynamics in a Montane Atlantic Forest

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第7期4卷 132-140页

作者： Pablo J. F. Pena Rodrigues Leticia R. Melo Rodolfo C. R. de Abreu Mariana A. Iguatemy instituto de pesquisas jardim botanico do rio de janeiro Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil

The Atlantic forest has historically been severely deforested, and only fragments currently remain that are subject to a wide variety of anthropogenic impacts, including edge effects that can cause structural and functional degradation. The Tinguá Biological Reserve-RJ comprises approximately 26,000 hectares of well-preserved Atlantic Forest, but it is subject to impacts caused by two canopy openings along oil pipelines. Comparisons were made between pipeline edges and forest interiors to evaluate edge effects on the structure and dynamics of those tree communities. Tree densities were higher along forest edges, apparently increasing over time. Tree basal areas, on the other hand, have decreased along edges due to higher mortality rates. Linear canopy opening edges showed higher densities of small trees, while the interior had more very large trees, indicating changes in successional processes and community structural patterns due to edge effects.

关键词： Fragmentation Disturbance Human-Modified Habitats Linear Canopy Openings Human Impact

The Harvesting of the Endangered Palm Euterpe edulis in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The Case of Linear Canopy Openings

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第12期11卷 151-162页

作者： Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues Mariana de Andrade Iguatemy Talita Reis instituto de pesquisas jardim botanico do rio de janeiro Rua Pacheco Le&#227o Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The palm Euterpe edulis was historically very exploited by humans and even today, many individuals are cut down by collectors to harvest the edible palm hearts. The ecological aspects of this anthropogenic pressure and its related effects are poorly understood. Here we investigate if linear canopy openings in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest can cause edge effects and facilitate predatory harvesting by humans. We sampled in Tinguá Biological Reserve (Southeastern Brazil) native palm populations at forest edges adjacent to two linear canopy openings, and in the forest interior far from any edge. Our 8-year monitoring showed that the linear canopy openings negatively affected the palm populations reducing its density and regeneration mainly on edges, but no local extinction was observed. Thus, the direct human impact from harvesting, adverse survival conditions on edges and interspecific competition causes population declines with no local extinction, so this suggests that E. edulis may resist even under strong anthropogenic pressure.

关键词： Extinction Exploitation Forest Product Species Survival Sustainability

does Linear Canopy Openings in a Lowland Atlantic Tropical Forest Cause Edge Effects on Seedling Communities?

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第15期4卷 945-949页

作者： Pablo J. F. Pena Rodrigues Mariana A. Iguatemy Marcelo T. Nascimento instituto de pesquisas jardim botanico do rio de janeiro Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ Brazil

Edge effects and linear canopy openings may change ecological patterns and processes on forests. Here we investigate if these openings in a lowland Brazilian Atlantic forest cause edge effects on seedlings. We sampled seedling communities at forest edges near to two linear canopy openings (gas pipeline and power line) and in interiors far from edges. Comparisons between the seedling communities were performed to access edge effects. density and basal area patterns were compared using, hierarchical two-way ANOVAs and the number of newly germinated seedlings, mortality and resprouts were compared by one-way ANOVAs. The results showed that edge effects of linear canopy openings affect seedling communities leading to low densities on edges that showed less favorable conditions for arrival, establishment and initial survival. The basal area patterns were not affected by edge effects apparently by the resistance of the seedlings that have more than 4 mm diameter. Therefore, linear canopy openings caused edge effects, which determine low seedling densities on edges. However this pattern is not due to increase mortality on these edges, but probably caused by the reduction on germination and establishment.

关键词： Forest Regeneration Fragmentation Disturbance Human-Modified Habitats Secondary Forests

Leaf Anatomy of Prosthechea moojenii(Pabst)*** and *** Cath.&***(Orchidaceae)as an Approach to Taxonomy of Species Occurring in Biomes Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of the Bahia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第12期3卷 1752-1758页

作者： Filipe de Castro Seixas Silvana Helena Nascimento Monteiro Lazaro Benedito da Silva Kelly Regina Batista Leite instituto de Biologia Departamento de BotanicaLaboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identificacao de MadeirasCampus Univer-sitário de OndinaUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBrasil instituto de pesquisa jardim botanico do rio de janeiro Uni-dade de Botanica SistemáticaRio de JaneiroBrasil

Prosthechea is a neotropical genus, belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The Brazil recorded 32 species of the genus of which nine occur in the state of Bahia, including P. silvana and P. moojenii. The first, P. silvana is epiphytic, endemic Atlantic Forest areas of South and Southeast of the Bahia and morphologically similar to P. moojenii, rupicolous species considered endemic to the Chapada Diamantina. There are doubts whether these two species are really distinct, because they differ only as to the way of life and aspects related to the size of the inflorescence and floral structure. Thus the anatomical study of these two species, emerges as a tool that aims to investigate the delimitation of these taxa. For this study, the sheet was cut freehand with a razor blade to obtain cross sections and treated by chemical means to obtain paradermic sections, all the material was stained with safranine/Astra blue (safrablau) and safranin, respectively, and the sections were then mounted between a semipermanent and cover slipped slides. The results allowed to distinguish P. silvana of the P. moojenii through the following characteristics observed in the leaf (thickening of the cell walls of epidermal cells, amount and disposition of sclerenchyma fibers and fiber arrangement of vascular and vascular bundles in the mesophyll) and root (number of arcs of xylem and phloem, thickening of cells median cortex), infers taxonomic characters for the genus. The data indicated anatomical distinction between the two species studied here of the Prosthechea, however, suggest the anatomical analysis of other organs to reproductive and vegetative.

关键词： Laeliinae Flora of Bahia Velamen Endemism

Yamabe invariant for complete manifold with nonpositive scalar curvature

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第21期43卷 1790-1793页

作者： CHENG Xu I.M.P.A., Estrada dona Castorina 110, jardim botanico, 22460 rio de janeiro, Brazil I. M. P. A. Rio de Janeiro Brazil

A sufficient condition for Yamabe invariants to be non-positive and its applications are obtained.

关键词： Riemannian manifold conformal deformation scalar curvature

Priority areas for watershed service conservation in the Guapi-Macacu region of rio de janeiro,Atlantic Forest,Brazil

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 95-115页

作者： Vanesa Rodriguez Osuna Jan Borner Udo Nehren Rachel Bardy Prado Hartmut Gaese Jurgen Heinrich Center for development Research(ZEF) Department of Economic and Technological ChangeUniversity of BonnWalter-Flex-Str.353117 BonnGermany Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics(ITT) Cologne University of Applied SciencesBetzdorfer Str.250679 CologneGermany Empresa Brasileira de pesquisa Agropecuária(EMBRAPA Soils) Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural ResearchGeotechnologies and Environmental MonitoringRua Jardim BotanicoCEP 22460-000 Rio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Geography Department of Physical GeographyUniversity of LeipzigJohannisallee 19a04103 LeipzigGermany

Introduction:Land use intensification and urbanisation processes are degrading hydrological ecosystem services in the Guapi-Macacu watershed of rio de janeiro.A proposal to pay farmers to restore natural watershed services might be an alternative to securing the water supply in the long-term for the around 2.5 million urban water users in the study *** study quantifies the costs of changing current land use patterns to enhance watershed services and compares these costs to the avoided costs associated with water treatment for public ***:We use farm-household data to estimate the opportunity costs of abandoning current land uses for the recovery of natural vegetation;a process that is very likely to improve water quality in terms of turbidity due to reduced inputs from *** cost estimates are extrapolated to the watershed scale based on remote sensing land use classifications and vulnerability analysis to identify priority zones for watershed management *** assess the potential demand for watershed services,we analyse water quality and treatment cost data from the main local water treatment ***:Changing agricultural land uses for watershed services provision generally comes at high opportunity costs in our study area near to the metropolis of rio de *** low cost watershed conservation options do exist in the livestock production *** options have the potential to directly reduce the amount of sediments and nutrients reaching the water bodies,and in turn decrease the costs of treatment needed for drinking *** cover changes at the scale needed to improve water quality will,nonetheless,likely exceed the cost of additional investments in water ***:The state water utility company’s willingness to pay for watershed services alone will not be enough to induce provision of additional watershed *** conclude that monetary incentives conditioned on specific adjustme

关键词： Water services Drinking water treatment Water quality Incentive-based watershed management

Plant community on a volcano mountaintop reveals unique high-altitude vegetation in southeastern Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3018-3030页

作者： Igor Musauer KESSOUS Ruy JoséValka ALVES Nílber Gonçalves da SILVA Amilcar Walter SAPORETTI JUNIOR Biodiversity Laboratory Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of Southern Minas Gerais(IFSULDEMINAS)Av.Dirce Pereira Rosa300-Jardim Esperança37713-100Poços de CaldasMGBrazil department of Botany National MuseumFederal University of Rio de JaneiroQuinta da Boa Vista s.n.São Cristóvão20949-040Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22BSE 41319GothenburgSweden

Mountains exhibit a high degree of endemism and diversity,however,quantifying their biodiversity can be *** to islands,species isolation in mountainous regions results in comparable patterns of evolution and extinction,rendering their biodiversity unique and highly susceptible to anthropogenic *** topographic relief in mountains plays a crucial role in creating habitat complexity,which in turn contribute to high plant ***,we investigated plant diversity in the volcano mountaintop vegetation on the Poços de Caldas Plateau,a region situated in the ecotone between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado,characterized by natural radiation and significant anthropogenic *** employed an automated approach through the filtering of georeferenced and non-georeferenced data to obtain a list of plant species in the ***,we statistically investigated the similarity among different high-altitude vegetations belonging to the campos de altitude from the Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres from the *** plateau exhibits high plant diversity,including 1,659 specific and infraspecific taxa,especially belonging to Asteraceae and *** analyses suggest that geographical distance is a strong predictor of dissimilarity and that the Poços de Caldas Plateau is more floristically related to the campos rupestres,despite being associated with campos de *** region possesses a unique set of biodiversity,indicating that it may be a distinct ***,we hypothesize that Pleistocene events likely influenced the conformation of the current floristic composition in the region through species interchange between the Cerrado and Atlantic *** study also highlights the few taxa assessed for conservation status and anthropogenic threats that this habitat is facing.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Biogeography Cerrado Community ecology Grassland

Taenidium barretti ichnofabric and rainfall seasonality:Insights into dryland suites of Scoyenia ichnofacies

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第1期12卷 28-49页

作者： Diego Luciano Nascimento Renata Guimaraes Netto Alessandro Batezelli Francisco Sergio Bernardes Ladeira Daniel Sedorko ICHNOS Research Group Geology Graduate ProgramUnisinos UniversityAv.Unisinos95010 Sao LeopoldoRS93022-750Brazil Campinas State University Geology and Natural Resources DepartmentZeferino Vaz University CityBarao GeraldoCampinasSP13083-970Brazil Laboratory of Pedology(LABPED) Department of GeographyGeosciences InstituteGeosciencesState University of CampinasCampinasSP13083-855Brazil Museu Nacional Departamento de Geologia e PaleontologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.Horto BotanicoParque Quinta da Boa VistaR.Gen.Herculano Gomes1340Sao CristovaoRio de JaneiroRJ20940-040Brazil

The present work analyzes the monotypic Taenidium barretti ichnofabric developed in abandoned channels and floodplains to understand its paleoecological significance in highly seasonal fluvial *** data come from the Cretaceous paleosols of the Marília Formation(Bauru Basin,SE Brazil),in which the *** ichnofabric and rhizoliths represent the biotic *** larvae are considered to be the most likely *** tracemakers in these *** intensity and recurrence of bioturbation suggest that the windows of opportunity for beetle population growth were very short and controlled by the progressive substrate desiccation after flood *** characteristics of the trace fossil assemblage suggest soil colonization by r-strategic organisms triggered by flooding events that provided the resource inputs necessary for their living during rainy *** results also show that in fluvial systems with high discharge variations,the boundaries between a“pre-desiccation suite”and a“desiccation suite”in the Scoyenia ichnofacies can be diffuse due to the short duration of colonization windows and progressive terrestrialization of floodplains and ***,the frequency of flooding events,the lowered water table,and the rapidity of substrate desiccation constrained colonization by other burrowers and may be considered as firstorder factors controlling the generation of a monotypic *** ***,the monotypic Taenidium ichnofabric in the Scoyenia ichnofacies context is an ichnomarker of brief windows for colonization in highly seasonal environments.

关键词： Ichnology Paleopedology Continental ichnofacies Meniscate burrows Ichnofabric

Phallus fluminensis(Phallaceae,Basidiomycota),a new species of stinkhorn from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest

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Studies in Fungi 2017年第1期2卷 191-198页

作者： Medeiros GS Rodrigues ACM Cruz RHSF Melanda GCS Carvalho Jr.AA Baseia IG Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Centro de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteAv.Senador Salgado Filho3000Natal59072-970RNBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos Centro de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de PernambucoAv.Prof.Moraes Rego1235RecifePE50670-901Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução Centro de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteAv.Senador Salgado Filho3000Natal59072-970RNBrazil instituto de pesquisa jardim Botânico do rio de janeiro Diretoria de Pesquisa.R.Pacheco Leão915sala 21822460-030Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Centro de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteAv.Senador Salgado Filho3000Campus UniversitárioNatal59072-970RNBrazil

Basidiomata of a Phallus species were found near bamboo trees in the rio de janeiro Botanical *** species was described as new to science and was named as Phallus fluminensis based on morphological characteristics.A detailed description,color images of microstructures and basidiomata of ***,a comparison of *** with its morphologically closely related taxa and a key to the genus Phallus in Brazil are given.A comparative analysis of *** collections from the type locality was also made.

关键词： Biodiversity Gasteromycetes Neotropics Phallales Taxonomy