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Integration of Probabilistic and Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Within Urban development Planning and Emergency Preparedness and Response: Application to Manizales,colombia

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第3期8卷 270-283页

作者： Gabriel A.Bernal mario A.Salgado-Gálvez Daniela Zuloaga Julián Tristancho Diana González Omar-Darío Cardona INGenIAR Ltda Centre Internacional de Metodes Numerics en enginyeria(CIMNE) universidad Distrital Francisco Joséde Caldas instituto de estudios Ambientales(IdeA) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales

The details of a multi-hazard and probabilistic risk assessment, developed for urban planning and emergency response activities in Manizales, colombia, are presented in this article. This risk assessment effort was developed under the framework of an integral disaster risk management project whose goal was to connect risk reduction activities by using open access and state-of-theart risk models. A probabilistic approach was used for the analysis of seismic, landslide, and volcanic hazards to obtain stochastic event sets suitable for probabilistic loss estimation and to generate risk results in different metrics after aggregating in a rigorous way the losses associated to the different hazards. detailed and high resolution exposure databases were used for the building stock and infrastructure of the city together with a set of vulnerability functions for each of the perils considered. The urban and territorial ordering plan of the city was updated for socioeconomic development and land use using the hazard and risk inputs and determinants, which cover not only the current urban area but also those adjacent areas where the expansion of Manizales is expected to occur. The emergency response capabilities of the city were improved by taking into account risk scenarios and after updating anautomatic and real-time post-earthquake damage assessment.

关键词： Emergency response Manizales (colombia) Multi-hazard risk assessment Probabilistic hazard analysis Probabilistic risk assessment Urban planning

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Holistic Disaster Risk Evaluation for the Urban Risk Management Plan of Manizales,colombia

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第3期8卷 258-269页

作者： martha Liliana Carreno Omar-Darío Cardona Alex H.Barbat Dora Catalina Suarez maría del Pilar Perez Lizardo Narvaez Centre Internacional de Metodes Numerics en enginyeria Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya instituto de estudios Ambientales (IdeA) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales INGenIAR Ltda

Disaster risk depends on both the physical vulnerability and a wide range of social, economic, and environmental aspects of a society. For a better risk understanding, a holistic or integrated perspective was considered when risk was assessed for the city of Manizales, colombia. This assessment accounts not only for the expected physical damage and loss, but also for the socioeconomic vulnerability factors that favor secondorder effects in a disaster. This comprehensive approach allows the identification of different aspects related to physical vulnerability, social fragility, and lack of resilience that can be improved, thus enhancing integrated disaster risk management actions. The outcomes of this comprehensive assessment are currently being used as input to update the disaster risk management plan of Manizales.

关键词： Holistic risk assessment Manizales (colombia) Probabilistic risk assessment Risk management plan Urban disaster risk index Urban resilience

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Probabilistic Seismic Risk Assessment in Manizales,colombia: Quantifying Losses for Insurance Purposes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第3期8卷 296-307页

作者： mario A. Salgado-Gálvez Gabriel A. Bernal Daniela Zuloaga Mabel C. marulanda Omar-Darío Cardona Sebastián Henao Centre Internacional de Metodes Numerics en enginyeria(CIMNE) 08034 BarcelonaSpain INGenIAR Ltda. BogotaD.C.110221Colombia instituto de estudios Ambientales(IdeA) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede ManizalesManizales 170004Colombia universidad nacional de colombia Sede Manizales Manizales 170004Colombia

A fully probabilistic seismic risk assessment was developed in Manizales, colombia, considering assets of different types. The first type includes elements that are part of the water and sewage network, and the second type includes public and private buildings. This assessment required the development of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis that accounts for the dynamic soil response,assembling high resolution exposure databases, and the development of damage models for different types of elements. The economic appraisal of the exposed assets was developed together with specialists of the water utilities company of Manizales and the city administration. The risk assessment was performed using several Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment modules as well as the R-System, obtaining results in terms of traditional metrics such as loss exceedance curve, average annual loss, and probable maximum loss. For the case of pipelines, repair rates were also estimated. The results for the water and sewage network were used in activities related to the expansion and maintenance strategies, as well as for the exploration of financial retention and transfer alternatives using insurance schemes based on technical,probabilistic, and prospective damage and loss *** the case of the buildings, the results were used in the update of the technical premium values of the existing collective insurance scheme.

关键词： CAPRA Earthquake insurance Manizales (colombia) Probabilistic seismic risk assessment Risk retention and transfer

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Biocompatibility and electrochemical evaluation of ZrO_(2) thin films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on MgZnCa alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第6期9卷 2019-2038页

作者： Benjamín Millán-Ramos Daniela Morquecho-marín Phaedra Silva-Bermudez David Ramírez-Ortega Osmary depablos-Rivera Julieta García-López mariana Fernández-Lizárraga JoséVictoria-Hernández Dietmar Letzig Argelia Almaguer-Flores Sandra E.Rodil instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCDMX 04510Mexico Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCDMX 04510Mexico Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina RegenerativaInstituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo IbarraCDMX 14389Mexico Posgrado en ciencias Médicas Odontológicas y de la SaludUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCDMX 04510Mexico instituto de ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnologia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCDMX 04510Mexico Posgrado de Doctorado en ciencias en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCDMX 11340Mexico Institute of Material and Process design Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck-Strasse 1Geesthacht 21502Germany Magnesium Innovation Centre MagIC Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck-Strasse 1Geesthacht 21502Germany Laboratorio de Biointerfases Facultad de OdontologíaDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado e InvestigaciónUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCDMX 04510Mexico

Biodegradable magnesium alloys are promising candidates for temporary fracture fixation devices in orthopedics;nevertheless,its fast degradation rate at the initial stage after implantation remains as one of the main challenges to be ***_(2)-based coatings to reduce the degradation rate of the Mg-implants are an attractive solution since they show high biocompatibility and *** this work,the degradation,cytotoxicity,and antibacterial performance of ZrO_(2)thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering on a Mg-Zn-Ca alloy was ***-term degradation of ZrO_(2)-coated and uncoated samples was assessed considering electrochemical techniques and H_(2)evolution(gas chromatography).Additionally,long term degradation was assessed by mass-loss *** results showed that a 380 nm ZrO_(2)coating reduces the degradation rate and H_(2)evolution of the alloy during the initial 3 days after immersion but allows the degradation of the bare alloy for the *** ZrO_(2)coating does not compromise the biocompatibility of the alloy and permits better cell adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells directly on its surface,in comparison to the bare ***,the ZrO_(2)coating prevents the adhesion and biofilm formation of ***.

关键词： Zirconium dioxide Magnetron sputtering Short-term degradation H_(2)evolution

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Soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina:a useful surrogate for mitigation and conservation planning under climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo L.Peri Juan Gaitán Matías Mastrangelo marcelo Nosetto Pablo E.Villagra Ezequiel Balducci martín Pinazo Roxana P.Eclesia Alejandra Von Wallis Sebastián Villarino Francisco Alaggia marina González Polo Silvina Manrique Pablo A.Meglioli Julián Rodríguez-Souilla martín Mónaco Jimena E.Chaves Ariel Medina Ignacio Gasparri Eugenio Alvarez Arnesi maría Paula Barral Axel von Müller Norberto M.Pahr Josefina Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fernández marina Morsucci Dardo López Juan Manuel Cellini Leandro Alvarez Ignacio Barberis Hernán Colomb Ludmila La Manna Sebastián Barbaro Cecilia Blundo Ximena Sirimarco Laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar Guillermo martínez Pastur instituto nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) universidad nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) universidad nacional de Luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCT San Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) instituto de Investigaciones en energía No Convencional CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección nacional de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación instituto de Ecología Regional Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán universidad nacional de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (LIMAD) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Administración de Parques nacionales (APN) Parque Nacional Los Alerces Centro de estudios Ambientales Integrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background The nationally determined contribution（NDC） presented by Argentina within the framework of the Paris Agreement is aligned with the decisions made in the context of the United Nations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change（UNFCCC） on the reduction of emissions derived from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as forest carbon conservation（REDD+）. In addition, climate change constitutes one of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the soil organic carbon（SOC） stocks of native forests have not been incorporated into the Forest Reference Emission Levels calculations and for conservation planning under cli-mate variability due to a lack of information. The objectives of this study were:（i） to model SOC stocks to 30 cm of native forests at a national scale using climatic, topographic and vegetation as predictor variables, and（ii） to relate SOC stocks with spatial–temporal remotely sensed indices to determine biodiversity conservation concerns due to threats from high inter-annual climate *** We used 1040 forest soil samples（0–30 cm） to generate spatially explicit estimates of SOC native forests in Argentina at a spatial resolution of approximately 200 m. We selected 52 potential predictive environmental covari-ates, which represent key factors for the spatial distribution of SOC. All covariate maps were uploaded to the Google Earth engine cloud-based computing platform for subsequent modelling. To determine the biodiversity threats from high inter-annual climate variability, we employed the spatial–temporal satellite-derived indices based on enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI） and land surface temperature（LST） images from Landsat *** SOC model（0–30 cm depth） prediction accounted for 69% of the variation of this soil property across the whole native forest coverage in Argentina. Total mean SOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km2,

关键词： Soil organic carbon Biodiversity Native forest Climate change mitigation Modelling Resilience

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Metamorphic gradient modification in the Early Cretaceous Northern Andes subduction zone:A record from thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 354-371页

作者： D.S.Avellaneda-Jiménez A.Cardona V.Valencia S.León I.F.Blanco-Quintero Grupo de Investigación en Geología y Geofisica(EGEO) Universidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellínColombia departamento de Materiales y Minerales Universidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellínColombia departamento de Procesos y energía Universidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellínColombia School of the environment Washington State UniversityPullmanUSA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute BalboaAnconPanama departamento de ciencias de la Tierraydel Medio Ambiente Universidad de AlicanteSpain

New field observations and petrological data from Early Cretaceous metamorphic rocks in the Central Cordillera of the colombian Andes allowed the recognition of thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks derived from oceanic crust *** obtained metamorphic path suggests that the rocks evolved from blueschist to eclogite facies towards upper amphibolite to high-pressure granulite facies transitional *** facies conditions,better recorded in mafic protoliths,are revealed by relic lawsonite and phengite,bleb-to worm-like diopside-albite symplectites,as well as garnet core *** amphibolite to high pressure granulite facies overprinting is supported by coarse-grained brown-colored Ti-rich amphibole,augite,and oligoclase recrystallization,as well as the record of partial melting *** equilibria and pressure-temperature(P-T)path modeling suggest initial high-pressure metamorphic conditions M1 yielding 18.2-24.5 kbar and 465-580℃,followed by upper amphibolite to high pressure granulite facies overprinting stage M2 yielding 6.5-14.2 kbar and 580-720℃.Retrograde conditions M3 obtained through chlorite thermometry yield temperatures ranging around 286-400℃at pressures below 6.5-11 *** obtained clockwise P-T path,the garnet zonation pattern revealing a decrease in X_(grs)/X_(prp)related to Mg#increment from core to rim,the presence of partial melting veins,as well as regional constraints,document the modification of the thermal structure of the active subduction zone in Northern Andes during the Early *** increment of the metamorphic gradient within the subduction interface is associated with slab roll-back geodynamics where hot mantle inflow was *** scenario is also argued by the reported trench-ward magmatic arc migration and multiple extensional basin formation during this *** presented example constitutes the first report of Cretaceous roll-back-related metamorphism in the Caribbean and Ande

关键词： Slab roll-back Mineral chemistry Phase equilibria P-T path modeling Roll-back metamorphism Thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks

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Nano to micro size transition of hydroxyapatite in porcine bone during heat treatment with low heating rates

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第4期30卷 494-501页

作者： Angélica M.Castillo-Paz Sandra M.Londo?o-Restrepo Liliana Tirado-Mejía M.A.Mondragón mario E.Rodríguez-García Grupo de Optoelectrónica Instituto Interdisciplinario de las Ciencias Universidad del Quindío Centro de Investigación y de estudios Avanzados del IPN departamento de Nanotecnología Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla

This work focuses on the changes of raw hydroxyapatite obtained from porcine bones during heat treatment with heating rates of 2.5 and 5.0 °C/min between 600 °C and 1100 °C. High-Resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) images showed that raw hydroxyapatite was formed by high-ordered nanometric platelet crystals with a length of around 18 nm and width around 7 nm. High-Resolution scanning electron microscopy(HR-SEM) images evidenced the coalescence phenomena during heating giving. It was found that the growth of the crystals and the transition from nano to a micro-size occurred at around 700 °C. And the changes in the full width at half maximum(FWHM) for the characteristic(002) plane of the X-ray diffraction patterns and the FWHM of the characteristic Raman band at 960 cm-1 for ν1 PO43-exhibited the transition from nano to a micro size, that was confirmed by HR-SEM images and the thermogravimetric(TG) analysis. The porosity of the BIOHAp changes from intra nanometric to intercrystalline.

关键词： Bone composition Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles Mineral composition Porosity formation Raman analysis

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Variation in abundance and habitat relationship of three understory insectivorous birds in a disturbed landscape of Neotropical dry forest of colombia

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 265-276页

作者： Camilo Loaiza Olga LMontenegro David King Manuel Spínola Lilibeth Arinda Palacio Agustín Rudas instituto de ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia Northern Research Station USDA Forest ServiceUniversity of Massachusetts204 Holdsworth HallAmherstMA 01003USA instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Universidad NacionalApartado1350-3000 HerediaCosta Rica.

Background:Evaluating relationships between avian populations and their habitat is important for understanding the biology of these species and for management decisions that improve the effectiveness of restoration *** investigated how habitat variation along a disturbance gradient affected the abundance of three insectivorous bird species,White-bellied Antbird(Myrmeciza longipes),Barred Antshrike(Thamnophilus doliatus),and Pale-breasted Spinetail(Synallaxis albescens)in a Neotropical dry forest remnant in central ***:The study area,which is located in Magdalena Valley,is under ecological restoration after the construction of the“El Quimbo”hydroelectric dam,with a gradient of habitat conditions,from relatively advanced secondary growth to recently disturbed *** conducted bird surveys and quantified the habitat conditions from June 2018 to June *** compared the relative abundance of the birds among the three zones with increasing disturbance and modeled the relationship between the bird abundance with the micro-and landscape-habitat conditions,with Poisson generalized linear model ***:The relative abundance of the three bird species varied according to the habitat features and disturbance *** abundance of White-bellied Antbirds was higher in forests and thickets than shrubland fragments;Barred Antshrike was more abundant in shrubland and thickets than in forest fragments,and Pale-breasted Spinetail had the highest abundance in shrubland and the lowest in forest *** abundance of both White-bellied Antbird and Pale-breasted Spinetail did not differ among zones with different levels of disturbance,while the abundance of Barred Antshrike decreased in zones with more ***:There were significant differences in the habitat relationships of the three understory insectivorous species along the disturbance gradient,although these species were within the same trophic *** bird species prefer

关键词： Bird population ecology Generalized linear models Wildlife habitat restoration

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The Influence of Climate Variability on Holoplanktonic Polychaetes Populations of Ocean Sector of the colombian Pacific Basin

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第4期11卷 317-343页

作者： José Manuel Gutiérrez-Salcedo Adibe Cárdenas-Oliva Néstor H. Campos marine Fauna of colombia Biodiversity and Uses Research Group Universidad Nacional de Colombia Caribbean Headquarters Santa Marta Colombia Museo de Historia Natural marina de colombia—MHNMC (Makuriwa) Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras—INVEMAR Santa Marta Colombia instituto de estudios en ciencias del mar—cecimar. universidad nacional de colombia Caribbean Headquarters Santa Marta Colombia

Studies of holoplanktonic polychaetes in the Tropical Eastern Pacific have focused on their systematics and distribution however, population responses related to climate variability are non-existent. Therefore, the present work described for the first time the influence of the climatic variability 2004-2012 on the holoplanktonic polychaetes populations, as well as their relationship to environmental variables. Species of the Alciopidae, Lopadorrhynchidae and Iospilidae families were identified from 85 samples collected in the Pacific Basin of colombia, contrasting them with the presence of enSO, and correlating them with the environmental variables of temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-α concentration. Of the 14 species identified, only Lopadorrhynchus cf. henseni and L. cf. brevis increased their densities under El Niño and correlated positively with temperature. Rhynchonereella cf. petersii correlated negatively with temperature;while R. cf. gracilis and Pelagobia cf. longicirrata were positively correlated with chlorophyll-α concentration and salinity, respectively. Additionally, with the first description of the environmental ranges of the 14 species identified for the colombian Pacific basin, it was found that the most commons species presented broader environmental ranges. The results from the current research are consistent with previous studies in other regions of the Pacific and latitudes. The responses of the organisms suggest trophic and mobility trends that were not known for tropical holoplanktonic polychaete species.

关键词： Temperature Chlorophyll Oceanic Province Tropical Region El Niño Southern Oscillation—enOS

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The Tesistan, Mexico earthquake (M_w 4.9) of 11 May 2016: seismic-tectonic environment and resonance vulnerability on buildings

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2019年第3期18卷 579-595页

作者： Alejandro Ramírez-Gaytán Adolfo Preciado William L. Bandy Edilson F. Salazar-Monroy Miguel A. Jaimes Leonardo Alcantara departamento de ciencias Computacionales Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería Universidad de Guadalajara Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán # 1421 44430 Guadalajara Jalisco México departamento del Hábitat y desarrollo Urbano Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO). Periférico Sur Manuel Gómez Morin 8585 45604 Tlaquepaque Jalisco México instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Interior Ciudad Universitaria Del. Coyoacán 04510 México Programa de Posgrado en ciencias de la Tierra Universidad Nacional Autó noma de Mé xico Circuito Interior Ciudad Universitaria Del. Coyoacá n 04510 Mé xico instituto de Ingenieria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Interior Ciudad Universitaria Del. Coyoacán 04510 México

To highlight the importance of small earthquakes in seismic hazard, a study of the 11 May 2016, Mw 4.9, Tesistan, Mexico earthquake is presented. Due to the close proximity of the event to the city, accelerations were considerably higher than those caused by historical severe earthquakes (6.0 ent: the fi rst is to estimate the focal mechanism solution in order to place the event in the context of the tectonic environment of this area. The second is focused on a vulnerability evaluation of buildings that suff ered resonance. Several building′s typologies with variations in construction system and height are assessed in terms of resonance with the structural and soil periods. The results show that around the Zapopan station, strong damage is expected in intermediate to high-rise buildings (12-30 m) with moment resistant frame systems and in reinforced concrete shear walls. Masonry structures around this station may not present resonance. In contrast, in the surroundings of the Guadalajara station, all intermediate height buildings from 9 to 21 m may present resonance.

关键词： Tesistan earthquake seismicity of Guadalajara site eff ects structural vulnerability

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