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Exploring the size of Andean condor foraging groups along an altitudinal and latitudinal gradient in the Tropical Andes: Ecological and conservation implications

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 225-232页

作者： Diego Mendez Felix Hernan Vargas JoséHernan Sarasola Pedro P.Oleaa departamento de Ecologia Universidad Autonoma de MadridCalle Darwin 228049MadridSpain Museo nacional de Historia Natural Calle 26 s/nCota CotaLa PazBolivia The Peregrine Fund 5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoiseID 83709USA Centro para el Estudio y Conservacion de Aves Rapaces en Argentina(CECARA) Universidad Nacional de La PampaAvda Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina instituto de las Ciencias Ambientales y de la Tierra de La Pampa(INCITAP-CONICET) Avda.Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridCalle Darwin 228049Madrid Snain

Patterns of variation in the size of vulture foraging groups,and their ecological causes and consequences,remain litle explored despite strong links with the carrion recycling service that this key functional group *** documented the group size-frequency pattern of Andean con-dors Vultur gryphus gathered to feed on 42 equine carcasses experimentally placed in Bolivia,between 2012 and 2019,along an elevation range of 1,300-4,500 m *** on the location(altitude and latitude)of the foraging groups,we examined the relationship between their size and species'population parameters(size and trend),habitat conditions,and livestock carcass availability and *** utilized a high frequency(93%)of carcasses forming groups that ranged from 1 to 80 individuals(mean=25,median=18)and shaped a"lazy-J curve"typical pattern of size-frequency distribution whereby few groups(5,12%)were large(>55 individuals)and most(21,50%)were relatively small(de in that most larger groups formed at lower sites(below c.3,000 m asl),likely following an altitudinal gradient whereby larger groups are more likely to form around larger carcasses(i.e.,cattle),which are more likely to occur at lower *** of population size,group size could be an adaptive response of condors via local enhancement for improving individual scavenging *** information gaps on this topic still exist,thus we provide a set of questions to address them,especially amidst the unrestricted impacts of human activities that condition vulture survival globally.

关键词： condor andino fusion-fission dynamics group size scavenger social foraging vultures.

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Relationships between soil pollution by heavy metals and melanin-dependent coloration of a fossorial amphisbaenian reptile

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 596-607页

作者： JoséMARTÍN Pablo RECIO Gonzalo RODRÍGUEZ-RUIZ Isabel BARJA Eduardo GUTIÉRREZ Luis VGARCÍA departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain departamento de Zoología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain departamento de Biogeoquímica Ecología Vegetal y MicrobianaInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaCSICSevillaSpain

Melanin is the basis of coloration in many animals,and although it is often used in communication,thermoregulation,or camouflage,melanin has many other physiological *** example,in polluted habitats,melanin can have a detoxifying *** coloration would help to sequester in the skin the heavy metal contaminants from inside the body,which will be expelled to the exterior when the skin is ***,animals should have evolved more melanic colorations in more polluted habitats(“industrial melanism”hypothesis).We examined whether the fossorial amphisbaenian reptile,Trogonophis wiegmanni,is able to eliminate heavy metals,derived from soil pollution by seagull depositions,through sloughing its *** results suggest a covariation between levels of soil pollution by heavy metals and the concentration of heavy metals in the sloughed skins of *** suggests that amphisbaenians may expel heavy metals from their bodies when they slough the *** also tested whether amphisbaenians inhabiting soils with higher levels of heavy metal pollution had darker(melanin-dependent)body ***,contrary to predictions from the“industrial melanization”hypothesis,we found a negative relationship between soil pollution and proportions of melanic *** contradictory result could,however,be explained because heavy metals have endocrine disruption effects that increase physiological stress,and higher stress levels could result in decreased *** suggest that although amphisbaenians might have some detoxifying mechanism linked to melanin in the skin,this process might be negatively affected by stress and result ineffective under conditions of high soil pollution.

关键词： amphisbaenians coloration fossorial reptiles heavy metals melanin soil pollution

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Tropical tree community composition and diversity variation along a volcanic elevation gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3475-3486页

作者： Ruben MARTINEZ-CAMILO Manuel MARTINEZ-MELENdeZ Nayely MARTINEZ-MIELENdeZ derio Antonio JIMENEZ-LOPEZ Mauricio JOSE-RIOS Unidad Villa Corzo Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas30520 Villa CorzoChiapasMexico instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas29039 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico Eizia A.C. 29045 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur29290 San Cristóbal de las CasasChiapasMexico Orquidiario y Jardín Botánico de Comitán Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural30106 Comitán de DomínguezChiapasMexico instituto de Investigación en Gestión de Riesgos y cambio Climático Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas29039 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico

Unraveling the factors that determine variation of diversity in tropical mountain systems is a topic for debate in plant *** is especially true in areas where topography is complex due to volcano elevational gradients and where forests are vulnerable to human *** this study we used a set of climatic(temperature,rainfall,and radiation solar),topographic(elevation,slope aspect,and slope orientation)and human disturbance variables to determine their effect on diversity and composition patterns of a tree community,considering three slope aspects of a tropical volcano in southeastern *** sampled trees in seventy 0.1-ha plots distributed on three slope aspects of the Tacanávolcano along an elevational gradient of 1500 to 2500 *** determined diversity patterns(general tree richness,exponential of Shannon index,and pioneer species richness)with linear regression models,and for beta diversity,we used a dissimilarity index(within and between elevational bands 100 m wide).The effect of a set of environmental and human disturbance variables on tree diversity and community composition was analyzed with general linear models and multivariate analyses,*** registered 2,949 individual trees belonging to 176 species and *** average species richness and alpha diversity per plot were 13(standard deviation±6)and 9(±5),*** tree richness and alpha diversity increased in the middle part(unimodal patterns)of the elevational gradient,but pioneer species richness decreased linearly with *** variance explained by general linear models was greater in richness(32%)than in alpha diversity(25.3%).The most important predictor variables were temperature(elevational gradient),which explained the unimodal pattern(richness and alpha diversity increase at intermediate levels of temperature),and slope orientation,which explained the increase in richness and alpha diversity toward the geographic *** temperature had a signific

关键词： Composition Environmental gradient Tree diversity patterns Tropical humid cloud forest Tropical volcanoes

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Airborne bacteria associated with particulate matter from a highly urbanised metropolis:A potential risk to the population’s health

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 99-114页

作者： María del Carmen Calderón-Ezquerro Elizabeth Selene Gómez-Acata Carolina Brunner-Mendoza instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510Mexico Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510Mexico

Bacteria in the air present patterns in space and time produced by different sources and environmental *** studies have focused on the link between airborne pathogenic bacteria in densely populated cities,and the risk to the population’s *** associated with particulate matter(PM)were monitored from the air of Mexico City(Mexico).We employed a metagenomic approach to characterise bacteria using the 16S rRNA *** bacteria sampling was carried out in the north,centre,and south of Mexico City,with different urbanisation rates,during *** added to the particles were sampled using high-volume PM_(10) *** ascertain significant differences in bacterial diversity between zones and seasons,the Kruskal-Wallis,Wilcoxon tests were done on alpha diversity ***-three air samples were collected,and DNA was sequenced using next-generation *** results indicated that the bacterial phyla in the north and south of the city were Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria,while in the central zone there were more *** were no differences in the alpha diversity indices between the sampled *** to the OTUs,the richness of bacteria was higher in the central *** diversity was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season;the Shannon index and the OTUs observed were higher in the central zone in the dry *** bacteria such as Kocuria,Paracoccus,and Micrococcus predominated in both seasonal times,while Staphylococcus,Corynebacterium,and Nocardioides were found during the rainy season,with a presence in the central zone.

关键词： Airborne bacteria Urbanisation PM10 Mexico City Microbiome

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The Representation of Soil Moisture−Atmosphere Feedbacks across the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2063-2081页

作者： Joshua TALIB Omar V.MÜLLER Emma J.BARTON Christopher M.TAyLOR Pier Luigi VIDALE U.K.Centre of Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordOX108BBU.K. National Centre for Atmospheric Science ReadingRG66BBU.K. Consejo nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático(CEVARCAM)Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias HídricasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina National Centre for Earth Observation WallingfordOX108BBU.K. department of Meteorology University of ReadingReadingRG66BBU.K.

Thermal processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)influence atmospheric conditions on regional and global *** this,previous work has shown that soil moisture−driven surface flux variations feed back onto the *** soil moisture is a source of atmospheric predictability,no study has evaluated soil moisture−atmosphere coupling on the TP in general circulation models(GCMs).In this study,we use several analysis techniques to assess soil moisture−atmosphere coupling in CMIP6 simulations including:instantaneous coupling indices;analysis of flux and atmospheric behaviour during dry spells;and a quantification of the preference for convection over drier *** these metrics we partition feedbacks into their atmospheric and terrestrial *** with previous global studies,we conclude substantial inter-model differences in the representation of soil moisture−atmosphere coupling,and that most models underestimate such *** on dry spell analysis,most models underestimate increased sensible heat during periods of rainfall *** example,the model-mean bias in anomalous sensible heat flux is 10 W m−2(≈25%)smaller compared to *** dry-spell sensible heat fluxes lead to a weaker atmospheric *** also find that most GCMs fail to capture the negative feedback between soil moisture and deep *** poor simulation of feedbacks in CMIP6 experiments suggests that forecast models also struggle to exploit soil moisture−driven *** improve the representation of land−atmosphere feedbacks requires developments in not only atmospheric modelling,but also surface processes,as we find weak relationships between rainfall biases and coupling indexes.

关键词： model evaluation land-atmosphere feedbacks Tibetan Plateau precipitation surface energy balance

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Air Quality Estimation Using Nonhomogeneous Markov Chains: A Case Study Comparing Two Rules Applied to Mexico City Data

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第7期14卷 561-582页

作者： Eliane R. Rodrigues Juan A. Cruz-Juárez Hortensia J. Reyes-Cervantes Guadalupe Tzintzun instituto de Matemáticas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Facultad de Ciencias Fsico-Matemáticas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico instituto nacional de Ecologa y cambio Climático Secretara de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Mexico City Mexico

A nonhomogeneous Markov chain is applied to the study of the air quality classification in Mexico City when the so-called criterion pollutants are used. We consider the indices associated with air quality using two regulations where different ways of classification are taken into account. Parameters of the model are the initial and transition probabilities of the chain. They are estimated under the Bayesian point of view through samples generated directly from the corresponding posterior distributions. Using the estimated parameters, the probability of having an air quality index in a given hour of the day is obtained.

关键词： Air Quality Index Air Pollution Mexico City Nonhomogeneous Markov Chains Bayesian Inference

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Evaluation of Early Action Mechanisms in Peru Regarding Preparedness for El Nino

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 493-510页

作者： Julio Aguirre Daniel de La Torre Ugarte Juan Bazo Paulo Quequezana Mauricio Collado department of Economics Universidad del Pacifico15072 LimaPeru Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre 2502 KC The HagueThe Netherlands Centro de Investigacion de Riesgo Resiliencia y Cambio Climatico(CIRCA)Universidad Tecnologica del Peru(UTP)15046 LimaPeru

In this article,we provide an impact evaluation of an intervention in Peru regarding preparedness for El Nino impacts in Picsi District of Chiclayo Province in Peru’s northwestern coastal Lambayeque *** effort involved the provision of special kits that reduce the potential damage to homes as a consequence of rainfall and floods associated with an El Nino-Southern Oscillation *** was collected in 2016 when this Forecast-based Financing early action was activated by an El Nino forecast,and after a coastal El Nino actually struck in *** dual database permits us to estimate the impact of the intervention on the damage level of homes by comparing those homes supported by the program with those homes not receiving pilot-program *** comparison is achieved by using propensity score matching techniques,which identify the most comparable homes to the ones that were supported by the *** main findings of the study suggest a positive impact of the program in terms of its effectiveness in mitigating the damage caused by the 2017 El Ni?*** results suggest a drop in the scale of house damage(less damage)by around 63%for a home that received the modular kit *** considering other specifications of the model,the decrease in the scale of house damage improves up to approximately 66%.

关键词： Early warning Early action El NinoSouthern Oscillation Forecast-based Financing Matching propensity score Perú Red Cross

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The first meteorological observations at a tropical high elevation site:Antisana,1846

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第6期13卷 1047-1055页

作者： Aria Ma M.FARRONA Fernando DOMINGUEZ-CASTRO Ma Cruz GALLEGO Jose M.VAQUERO departamento de Fisica Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz 06071Spain instituto de Fisica de Cantabria(UC-CSIC) Santander 39005Spain departamento de Ingenieria Civily Ambiental Escuela Politecnica NacionalQuito 170112Ecuador instituto nacional de Meteorologiae Hidrologia Quito 170135Ecuador instituto universitario de investigación del agua cambio climático y sostenibilidad (iacys) universidad de extremaduraBadajoz 06071 Spain departamento de física centro universitario de mérida universidad de extremaduraMerida 06800Spain

Antisana is a stratovolcano with an associated glacier located in the Ecuadorian *** Aguirre made meteorological readings every day,at every hour from sunrise to sunset,from december1845 to december 1846,at Antisana using a meteorological station at 4060 mamsl(meters above mean sea level).Unfortunately,only the monthly average data have been *** meteorological data are here studied and compared with the closest modern stations for monthly values of temperature,rainfall,and *** to these comparisons,the year 1846 was rainy and cold in comparison with the current ***,these observations have been useful to help resolve a debate about a possible El Ni?o event in 1846 with the high precipitation in Antisana and Quito in 1846 discarding the occurrence of an El Ni?o *** probable occurrence of a La Ni?a event is *** data are the earliest known systematic instrumental meteorological observations taken at above 4000 mamsl.

关键词：气象观测系统高海拔火山厄尔尼诺事件站点热带气象数据安第斯山脉

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Suitable conditions for natural regeneration in variable retention harvesting of southern Patagonian Nothofagus pumilio forests

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 240-251页

作者： Mónica D.R.Toro Manríquez Juan M.Cellini María V.Lencinas Pablo L.Peri Karen A.Peña Rojas Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 200(9410)UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas(LIMAD) Universidad Nacional de la Plata(UNLP)Diagonal 113 n°469(1904)La PlataBuenos AiresArgentina instituto nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral(UNPA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)cc 332(9400)Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de Conservación de la NaturalezaUniversidad de Chilecc 9206SantiagoChile.

Background:Variable retention(aggregated and dispersed retention)harvesting proposed for Nothofagus pumilio was designed for timber purposes and biodiversity *** by opening canopy generates different microenvironments and creates contrasting conditions for seedling establishment,growth,and eco-physiology performance due to synergies(positives or negatives)with biotic and abiotic *** study evaluated the regeneration in different microenvironment conditions within managed stands during 5 years after *** forest structure after harvesting and different microenvironments were characterized in managed stands,where 105 regeneration plots were measured(3 stands×7 microenvironments×5 replicas).We characterized the seedling bank,as well as growth and ecophysiology performance of the *** and multivariate analyses were conducted for the ***:Microenvironments offered different environmental conditions for natural regeneration(soil moisture and light availability).Seedling under debris and dicot plants showed better eco-physiological performance,establishment,and growth than plants growing under monocots or located in the dispersed retention without the protection of other understory *** most unfavorable microenvironment conditions were high canopy cover of remnant trees(inside the aggregates or close to trees in the dispersed retention)and heavily impacted areas(skidder extraction roads).Conclusions:Favorable microenvironments in the harvested areas will improve the natural recruitment,growth,and eco-physiology performance of the natural regeneration after *** is necessary to develop new silvicultural practices that decrease the unfavorable microenvironments(e.g.,road density or excessive woody accumulation),to assure the success of the proposed silvicultural method.

关键词： Aggregated retention Dispersed retention Microenvironments Environmental variables Biometric values Biomass allocation Eco-physiology

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A procedure to assess the spatial variability in the importance of abiotic factors affecting distributions： the case of world freshwater fishes

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动物学报：英文版 2018年第5期64卷 549-557页

作者： Ana M. MANJARRES-HERNANdeZ Castor GUISANde Emilio GARCiA-ROSELLO Patricia PELAyO-VILLAMIL Jacinto GONZALEZ-DAcOSTA Juirgen HEINE Luis GONZALEZ VILAS Carlos GRANADO-LORENClO Santiago R. DUQUE Jorge M. LOBO alnstituto Amazonico de Investigaciones-IMANI Universidad Nacional de Colombia Leticia A.A. 215 Colombia 910001 Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad de Vigo Vigo 36310 Spain departamento de Informatica Edificio Fundicien Universidad de Vigo Vigo 36310 Spain Grupo de Iciologia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia 050010 eDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia Facultad de Biologia Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla 41080 Spain departamento de Biogeografia y cambio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) Calle de Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 Madrid 28006 Spain

Understanding the factors shaping species' distributions is a key longstanding topic in ecology with unresolved issues. The aims were to test whether the relative contribution of abiotic factors that set the geographical range of freshwater fish species may vary spatially and/or may depend on the geographical extent that is being considered. The relative contribution of factors, to discriminate between the conditions prevailing in the area where the species is present and those existing in the considered extent, was estimated with the instability index included in the R package SPEDInstabR. We used 3 different extent sizes: 1) each river basin where the species is present (local); 2) all river basins where the species is present (regional); and 3) the whole Earth (global). We used a data set of 16,543 freshwater fish species with a total of 845,764 geographical records, together with bioclimatic and topographic variables. Factors associated with temperature and altitude show the highest relative contribution to explain the distribution of freshwater fishes at the smaller considered extent. Altitude and a mix of factors associated with temperature and precipitation were more important when using the regional extent. Factors associated with precipitation show the highest contribution when using the global extent. There was also spatial variability in the importance of factors, both between species and within species and from region to region. Factors associated with precipitation show a clear latitudinal trend of decreasing in importance toward the equator.

关键词：空间可变性淡水鱼估计生活盒子世界地理范围相对贡献

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