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Determination of altitudes of the three main Ecuadorian summits through GNSS positioning

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第4期13卷 343-351页

作者： Maria Jose Merizalde Mora Cesar Alberto Leiva Gonzalez Dennys Alexander Enriquez Hidalgo Theofilos Toulkeridis Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE SangolquiEcuador instituto geografico militar igm QuitoEcuador Universidad de Especialidades Turisticas UDET QuitoEcuador

Determining the altitude of mountains is one of the most fundamental challenges for humankind.Therefore,the main objective of the study is to determine the altitudes of the three main summits in Ecuador through GNSS positioning,referring to the official vertical datum of Ecuador and the geo-potential surface(W_(o)).The three peaks are active volcanoes named Chimborazo,Cotopaxi and Cayambe,all of which are known to be over 5700 m above sea level.Positioning GNSS was performed on the summit of the volcanoes,and the GPS leveling method was applied on nearby plates.At these summits,the correction of the potential difference between the mean sea level and W_(o) was used.The altitudes referred to the mean sea level were compared with other registered heights,and the results are more accurate than previous geodetic missions.

关键词： Altitude Volcanoes GNSS GPS leveling Geopotential

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Evaluating the applicability of the water erosion prediction project(WEPP)model to runoff and soil loss of sandstone reliefs in the Loess Plateau,China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 240-250页

作者： Ruipeng Zhu Yang Yu Jiongchang Zhao Dianjun Liu Siyu Cai Juanlong Feng Jesús Rodrigo-Comino School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station CNERNSchool of Soil and Water ConservationBejing Forestry UniversityBejing100083China Inner Mongolia Hydraulic Research Institute Hohhot010051China Department of Water Resources China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBejing100038China Departamento de Analisis geografico Regional y Geografia Fisica Facultad de Filosofiay LetrasCampus Universitario de CartujaUniversity of Granada

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues,especially in vulnerable areas such as the Pisha sandstone regions located in the Loess Plateau(China).In these types of reliefs,long-term studies monitoring runoff and soil loss are scarce,and even more considering the efficiency of different soil management techniques applied to reduce land degradation.In this study,seven years(2014-2020)of in-situ measurements of surface runoff and soil loss for different land uses(forestland,shrubland,grassland,farmland,and bare land)in a Pisha Sandstone environment at the Loess Plateau were con-ducted.We applied the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model combining the large database with the precipitation regimes.Our results showed that runoff volume coming from observed and simulated data exhibited significant differences among them depending on the different vegetation types.Runoff and soil loss were different among diverse land use types as follows:farmland>grassland>shrubland>forestland.After conducting a calibration,we found satisfactorily simulated surface runoff and sediment yield based on precipitation regimes and land uses at sandstone reliefs.Simulation performance of surface runoff was better than sediment yield.The range of standard error of the model simulation for event and annual values of runoff were 4.71 mm and 12.19 mm,respectively.The standard error for event and annual values of soil loss were 4.19 t/hm^(2)and 21.86 t/hm^(2).In the calibration group,R2 of runoff and soil loss were 0.92 and 0.86 respectively,while Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient(E)reached 0.90 and 0.85,respectively.In the validation group,the R2 for both runoff and soil loss were 0.82 and 0.56,respectively.Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient(E)were 0.77 and 0.54 for the runoff and sediment yield.We concluded that using a detailed monitoring dataset,the WEPP model could accu-rately simulate and predict water erosion in the hillslopes of Pisha sandstone area.

关键词： Land use Precipitation regimes Hydrological modeling Runoff Soil loss

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GIS-based study of the evolution of the IGN's strong motion network of mainland Spain and the balearics

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2021年第4期12卷 279-287页

作者： Jose-Lazaro Amaro-Mellado Daniel Anton Juan-Manuel Alcalde instituto geografico Nacional Servicio Regional en AndaluciaSeville 41013Spain Departamento de Ingenierfa Grafica Universidad de SevillaSeville 41092Spain Research Group TEP970:Innovacion Tecnoldgica Sistemas de Modelado 3D y Diagnosis Energetica en Patrimonio y Edificacidn'Departamento de Expresion Grafica e Ingenieria en la EdificacionEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria de EdificacionUniversidad de Sevilla4A Reina Mercedes AvenueSeville 41012Spain The Creative and Virtual Technologies Research Laboratory School of ArchitectureDesign and the Built EnvironmentNottingham Trent University50 Shakespeare StreetNottingham NG14FQUK Escuela Superior de Ingenieria y Tecnologia Universidad Intemacional de La Rioja737 La Paz AvenueLogrono 26006Spain instituto geografico Nacional Red Sismica NacionalMadrid 28003Spain

In some countries with seismicity,an adequate detection network is essential to assess seismic hazards.The instituto geografico Nacional(National Geographic Institute/IGN)of Spain manages a strong motion network distributed throughout the whole country and an earthquake detection network composed of velocity stations.This paper aims at studying the development of the strong motion network of the Spanish National Seismic Network(focusing on mainland Spain and the Balearics)in the last three decades.A Geographic Information System(GIS)has been implemented to integrate the attributes from the IGN’s database concerning the earthquake catalogue,seismograph and accelerometer networks,which enabled to analyse the data and map the distribution of detection equipments in the region.The irregularly distributed Spanish strong motion network was greatly expanded from 1990 to 2010.In the past decade,it developed at a slower rate,but more modern technology was implemented.

关键词： Strong motion Accelerometer network Spanish national seismic network Earthquake catalogue GIS

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