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DeepRice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtypes

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： P.Isaac Ritharson Kumudha Raimond X.Anitha Mary Jennifer Eunice Robert Andrew J Department of CSE Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences CoimbatoreTamilnaduIndia Department of Robotics Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatoreIndia Department of Mechatronics Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India

Rice stands as a crucial staple food globally,with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of rice leaf ***,efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical *** the recent past,the identification of leaf pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment,which proves to be time-consuming and *** study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning(DL)and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases.A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets,categorized into 9 classes irrespective of the extent of disease spread across the *** classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves,mild and severe blight,mild and severe tungro,mild and severe blast,as well as mild and severe brown *** meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation,which was validated by horticulture experts,data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplify the number of *** datasets were subjected to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks *** performance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning approaches like VGG16,Xception,ResNet50,DenseNet121,Inception ResnetV2,and Inception *** effectiveness of the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images,yielding an exceptional accuracy of 99.94%,surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art ***,the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI.

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture Food security

Enhanced extracellular production of alpha-lactalbumin from Bacillus subtilis through signal peptide and promoter screening

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2310-2316页

作者： Yuqi Zhu Pengdong Sun Chunjian Li Yu Zhang Yu Wang Jingyuan Li Yanfeng Liu Jian Chen Yang Deng College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing(Co-construction by Ministry and Province) Ministry of Agriculture Rural AffairsQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Qingdao Special Food research Institute Qingdao 266109China Science Center for Future Foods Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

Alpha-lactalbumin(α-LA)is a major whey protein found in breast milk and plays a crucial role in the growth and development of *** this study,Bacillus subtilis RIK1285 harboring AprE signal peptide(SP)was selected as the original strain for the production ofα-*** was found thatα-LA was identified in the pellet after ultrasonic disruption and centrifugation instead of in the fermentation *** original strain most likely only producedα-LA intracellular,but not *** improve the expression and secretion ofα-LA in RIK1285,a library of 173 homologous SPs from the *** 168 genome was fused with target LALBA gene in the pBE-S vector and expressed extracellularly in *** YjcN was determined to be the best signal *** in supernatant were observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and purified by nickel column to calculate the highest yield signal *** addition,different promoters(P_(aprE),P_(43),and P_(glv))were compared and *** results indicated that the strain RIK1285-pBE-P_(glv)-YjcN-LALBA had the highestα-LA yield,reaching 122.04μg/*** study demonstrates successful expression and secretion of humanα-LA in *** and establishes a foundation for simulating breast milk for infant formulas and developing bioengineered milk.

关键词： Bacillus subtilis Alpha-lactalbumin Bioengineering milk Signal peptide Promoter screening

Cryogenic and conventional milling of AZ91 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2503-2519页

作者： Vikas Marakini Srinivasa Pai P Gururaj Bolar Bhaskara P Achar Department of Mechanical Engineering Nitte(Deemed to be University)NMAM Institute of Technology(NMAMIT)Nitte 574110India Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104India

Use of magnesium is the need of the hour due to its low density as well as its high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratio *** study focuses on the effectiveness of liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))assisted cryogenic machining on the surface integrity(SI)characteristics of AZ91 magnesium *** milling using uncoated carbide inserts have been performed under liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))assisted cryogenic condition and compared with conventional(dry)*** are performed using machining parameters in terms of cutting speeds of 325,475,625 m/min,feed rates of 0.05,0.1,0.15 mm/teeth and depth of cuts of 0.5,1,1.5 mm *** significant surface integrity characteristics such as surface roughness,microhardness,microstructure,and residual stresses have been *** of SI characteristics with respect to milling parameters have been identified using statistical technique such as ANOVA and signal-to-noise(S/N)ratio ***,the multi criteria decision making(MCDM)techniques such as additive ratio assessment method(ARAS)and complex proportional assessment(COPRAS)have been utilized to identify the optimal conditions for milling AZ91 magnesium alloy under both dry and cryogenic *** of LN_(2)during machining,resulted in reduction in machining temperature by upto 29%with a temperature drop from 251.2℃under dry condition to 178.5℃in cryogenic *** showed the advantage of performing cryogenic milling in improving the surface integrity to a significant *** machining considerably minimized the roughness by upto 28%and maximised the microhardness by upto 23%,when compared to dry *** speed has caused significant impact on surface roughness(95.33%-dry,92.92%-cryogenic)and surface microhardness(80.33%-dry,82.15%-cryogenic).Due to the reduction in machining temperature,cryogenic condition resulted in compressive residual stresses(maximumσ║=-113 MPa)on the alloy *** indicate no

关键词： Magnesium alloy Cryogenic machining Roughness Microhardness Microstructure Residual stress Multi criteria decision making

A glycine-rich nuclear effector VdCE51 of Verticillium dahliae suppresses plant immune responses by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1137-1149页

作者： Chi Li Yingqi Huang Wenjing Shang Jieyin Chen Steven J.Klosterman Krishna V.Subbarao Jun Qin Xiaoping Hu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Western agricultural research Center Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangji 831100XinjiangChina agricultural research Service United States Department of AgricultureSalinasCA 93905USA Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisc/o United States Agricultural Research StationSalinasCA 93905USA

Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash *** of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A glycine-rich nuclear effector,VdCE51,was able to suppress immune responses in tobacco against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia *** effector was a required factor for full virulence of ***,and its nuclear localization was a requisite for suppressing plant *** thioredoxin GhTRXH2,identified as a positive regulator of plant immunity,was a host target of *** findings show a virulence regulating mechanism whereby the secreted nuclear effector VdCE51 interferes with the transcription of PR genes,and the SA signaling pathway by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2,thus suppressing plant immunity.

关键词： Verticillium dahliae Plant immunity Effector Thioredoxin

Brain Urea as a Potential Biomarker of Neoplasm Progression

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 1-13页

作者： Larisa Mikhailovna Obukhova Elena Ivanovna Erlykina Igor Aleksandrovich Medyanik Artem Sergeevich Grishin Angelina Mikhailovna Shutova Federal State Budgetary educational institution of higher education The &#8220Privolzhsky Research Medical University&#8221 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Nizhny Novgorod Russia National research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod Russia

Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature driving oncogenesis in cancers. Recent studies have revealed that protein metabolism is largely altered in gliomas facilitating its malignant growth. Urea is the end product of nitrogen metabolism which is mainly produced by arginase. The interdependence of arginase and other biochemical mechanisms triggered scientific research interest. This research aimed to investigate the relationships between the urea as the main parameter of protein metabolism and glioma progression. It was also the most pronounced relationship between urea and the level of the nuclear protein Ki-67 as a marker of proliferative activity and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which performs DNA repair. Postoperative material from 20 patients with gliomas of different grades of anaplasia was analyzed.

关键词： Glioma Peritumoral Zone Urea Gliomal Molecular Genetic Markers Ki-67 MGMT

research progress on cottonseed meal as a protein source in pig nutrition:An updated review

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 220-233页

作者： An Tao Jiahao Wang Bin Luo Bowen Liu Zirui Wang Xingping Chen Tiande Zou Jun Chen Jinming You Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and education for High-Quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

At a global level,the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig ***,given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal,it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig *** meal,a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil,exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content,high yield,low cost,well-balanced amino acid composition,and sufficient ***,cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors,especially gossypol,which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance,resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig *** maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production,it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current *** this review,we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal,primary anti-nutritional factors,and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source ***,we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal application in pig nutrition over the past *** outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.

关键词： Cottonseed meal Nutritional value Protein source Pig nutrition

Improving the accuracy of precipitation estimates in a typical inland arid area of China using a dynamic Bayesian model averaging approach

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第3期16卷 331-354页

作者： XU Wenjie DING Jianli BAO Qingling WANG Jinjie XU Kun College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830017China Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of higher education Institute Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830017China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a typical inland arid area in China with a sparse and uneven distribution of meteorological stations,limited access to precipitation data,and significant water *** and integrating precipitation datasets from different sources to accurately characterize precipitation patterns has become a challenge to provide more accurate and alternative precipitation information for the region,which can even improve the performance of hydrological *** study evaluated the applicability of widely used five satellite-based precipitation products(Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station(CHIRPS),China Meteorological Forcing Dataset(CMFD),Climate Prediction Center morphing method(CMORPH),Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record(PERSIANN-CDR),and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA))and a reanalysis precipitation dataset(ECMWF Reanalysis v5-Land Dataset(ERA5-Land))in Xinjiang using ground-based observational precipitation data from a limited number of meteorological *** on this assessment,we proposed a framework that integrated different precipitation datasets with varying spatial resolutions using a dynamic Bayesian model averaging(DBMA)approach,the expectation-maximization method,and the ordinary Kriging interpolation *** daily precipitation data merged using the DBMA approach exhibited distinct spatiotemporal variability,with an outstanding performance,as indicated by low root mean square error(RMSE=1.40 mm/d)and high Person's correlation coefficient(CC=0.67).Compared with the traditional simple model averaging(SMA)and individual product data,although the DBMA-fused precipitation data were slightly lower than the best precipitation product(CMFD),the overall performance of DBMA was more *** error analysis between DBMA-fused precipitation dataset and the more advanced Inte

关键词： precipitation estimates satellite-based and reanalysis precipitation dynamic Bayesian model averaging streamflow simulation Ebinur Lake Basin Xinjiang

Asymmetric expression of CA2 and CA13 linked to calcification in the bilateral mandibular condyles cause crossed beaks in chickens

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2379-2390页

作者： Lei Shi Yanyan Sun Yunlei Li Hao Bai Jingwei Yuan Hui Ma Yuanmei Wang Panlin Wang Aixin Ni Linlin Jiang Pingzhuang Ge Shixiong Bian Yunhe Zong Jinmeng Zhao Adamu MIsa Hailai HTesfay Jilan Chen State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding/Key Laboratory of Animal(Poultry)Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Joint International research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety Ministry of Education/Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology DevelopmentYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Crossed beak is a complex mode of inheritance with prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 7.4% in at least 12 chicken strains *** reveal the intrinsic factors causing crossed beaks,genes expression patterns in bilateral mandibular condyle between affected and normal birds were characterized by RNA sequencing analysis in the present *** beak was induced by short length of unilateral mandibular ramus,and a total of 110differentially expressed genes were up-or down-regulated in the affected(short)mandibular condyle side as compared to the normal *** anhydrase 2(CA2)and Carbonic anhydrase 13(CA13)were enriched in the carbonate dehydratase activity,and high-expressed in mandibular condyle and osteoblasts(Presearch suggested that CA2 and CA13 are down-calcified in shortside mandibular condyle,and caused mandibular ramus to grow ***2 and CA13 have the critical role in crossed beaks by regulating calcification of mandibular condyle.

关键词： chicken crossed beak carbonic anhydrase calcification CA2 CA13

In‑depth proteome characterization of endometrium and extraembryonic membranes during implantation in pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1027-1055页

作者： Maria A.Gil Josep M.Cambra Heriberto Rodriguez‑Martinez Cristina Cuello Inmaculada Parrilla Emilio A.Martinez Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research“Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain Institute for Biomedical research of Murcia(IMIB-Pascual Parrilla) MurciaSpain Technical University of Munich MunichGermany Department of Biomedical&Clinical Sciences(BKV) BKH/Obstetrics&GynaecologyLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden

Background Proteome characterization of the porcine endometrium and extraembryonic membranes is important to understand mother-embryo *** this study,the proteome of the endometrium and cho-rioallantoic membrane was characterized in pregnant sows(PS)during early gestation(d 18 and 24 of gestation)and in the endometrium of non-pregnant sows(NPS)during the same days using LC-MS/MS *** UniProtKB database and ClueGO were used to obtain functional Gene Ontology annotations and biological and functional networks,*** Our analysis yielded 3,254 and 3,457 proteins identified in the endometrium of PS and NPS,respectively;of these,1,753 being common while 1,501 and 1,704 were exclusive to PS and NPS,*** addition,we iden-tified 3,968 proteins in the extraembryonic membranes of *** analyses of function revealed some proteins had relevance for the immune system process and biological adhesion in endometrium while the embryonic chorion displayed abundance of proteins related to cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization,suggesting they dominated the moment of endometrial remodeling,implantation and adhesion of the lining *** are available via Pro-teomeXchange with identifier *** This is the first in-depth proteomic characterization of the endometrium and extraembryonic mem-branes during weeks 3 to 4 of gestation;data that contribute to the molecular understanding of the dynamic environ-ment during this critical period,associated with the majority of pregnancy losses.

关键词： Endometrium Extraembryonic membranes Implantation Pig Proteome