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Emission factors, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of volatile organic compounds emitted from industrial biomass boilers

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Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第9期31卷 64-72页

作者： Chunmei Geng Wen Yang Xuesong Sun Xinhu Wang Zhipeng Bai Xia Zhang State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Beijing Municipal Research institute of environmental Protection Beijing 100037 China China National environmental Monitoring centre Beijing 100012 China

To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m^3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m^3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m^3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m^3 for the two biomass *** emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.

关键词： Biomass boiler Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Emission factor Ozone formation potential(OFP) Secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP)

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The Econometric Assessment of Losses Caused by Water Pollution in Chongqing, Southwest China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2004年第1期23卷 94-100页

作者：杨钢陈刚才常永官 College of Resource & environmental science Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China Chongqing environmental science institute Chongqing 400020 China Chongqing environmental Protection Bureau Chongqing 400015 China

As an important industrial city, Chongqing has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years, but at the same time the growth has been accompanied by serious pollution problems. Water quality monitoring shows that the waters of Chongqing are widely polluted. In this paper, the human capital approach is applied to assessing the economic losses and damages caused by water pollution in Chongqing. Based on previous studies and empirical investigations, water pollution-induced damage can be categorized into two general types: damage to ecosystems, including agriculture; and damage to non-ecosystems, including industry. The economic loss estimation of each type of the damage is conducted by taking into account a group of relevant parameters and methods.

关键词：计量经济学水质评价水污染重庆

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A 150-year Isotopic Record of Lead Deposition in Yancheng Coastal Wetland,China

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Chinese Geographical science 2016年第6期26卷 755-769页

作者： BAO Kunshan SHEN Ji QUAN Guixiang LIU Fugang State Key Laboratory of Lake science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of environmental science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology School of science Qiqihar University

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead （Pb） deposition patterns from industrialization in sedimentary archives. As a well-known natural reserve in the world, Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province is one of areas most sensitive to global sea level change and is located in the most developed and polluted region of China. Two cores were collected in Yancheng wetland in October 2013 and dated using 210pb and 137Cs radiometric techniques. Sediments in both cores were sectioned into depth bands and examined systematically for dry bulk density, water content, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size. Multiple elements including Pb were also measured using inductively coupled plasma systems. Unsupported 21~Pb activities decreased with depth in both of the two cores, and 21~pb chronologies were established （covering 150 years） using the constant rate of supply （CRS） model. The measured Pb contents ranged from 14.97 mg/kg to 29.40 mg/kg with average values of 17.17-22.79 mg/kg, and the Pb fluxes ranged from 41.70 mg/（m2·yr） to 172.70 mg/（m2·yr） with averages of 95.59-123.41 mg/（m2·yr）. Temporal variations of Pb flux, enrichment factors and Pb isotopes show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities in the region. The Pb isotopic compositions show that most of Pb deposition in Yancheng wetland is input from natural sources by water flows and has the same levels of Pb as in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River and the Pacific mineral aerosol. We also stress the anthropogenic Pb contribution in Yangcheng wetland sediment and the reason of our Pb isotopes not showing anthropogenic signature is likely the insta- bility of anthropogenic Pb in high Fe/Mn oxide conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take action to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

关键词： coastal wetland Pb deposition rate Pb isotope 210pb dating metal pollution

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industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls： Achieving the right balance

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Frontiers of Chemical science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 472-479页

作者： Adrian W. K. Law Chunyan Tang environmental Process Modelling centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637141 Singapore School of Civil and environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environ- mental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing coun- tries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.

关键词： industrial effluent treatment industrial marineoutfalls economic and environmental considerations

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Mathematically modelling and controlling prostate cancer under intermittent hormone therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 270-277页

作者： Yoshito Hirata Gouhei Tanaka Nicholas Bruchovsky Kazuyuki Aihara institute of industrial science University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan Vancouver Prostate centre Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver BC V6H 3Z6 Canada

In this review, we summarize our recently developed mathematical models that predict the effects of intermittent androgen suppression therapy on prostate cancer （PCa）. Although hormone therapy for PCa shows remarkable results at the beginning of treatment, cancer cells frequently acquire the ability to grow without androgens during long-term therapy, resulting in an eventual relapse. To circumvent hormone resistance, intermittent androgen suppression was investigated as an alternative treatment option. However, at the present time, it is not possible to select an optimal schedule of on- and off-treatment cycles for any given patient. In addition, clinical trials have revealed that intermittent androgen suppression is effective for some patients but not for others. To resolve these two problems, we have developed mathematical models for PCa under intermittent androgen suppression. The mathematical models not only explain the mechanisms of intermittent androgen suppression but also provide an optimal treatment schedule for the on- and off-treatment periods.

关键词： diagnosis intermittent androgen suppression mathematical models personalized treatment schedule prognosis prostate cancer

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Using a Game to Engage Stakeholders in Extreme Event Attribution science

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2016年第4期7卷 353-365页

作者： Hannah R.Parker Rosalind J.Cornforth Pablo Suarez Myles R.Allen Emily Boyd Rachel James Richard G.Jones Friederike E.L.Otto Peter Walton Department of Meteorology University of Reading Walker institute University of Reading Red Cross Red Crescent Climate centre Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future Boston University environmental Change institute University of Oxford Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of Oxford Department of Geography and environmental science University of Reading Present Address:Lund University centre for Sustainability Studies Met Office Hadley centre School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford

The impacts of weather and climate-related disasters are increasing,and climate change can exacerbate many *** communicating climate risk and integrating science into policy requires scientists and stakeholders to work *** dialogue between scientists and policymakers can be challenging given the inherently multidimensional nature of the issues at stake when managing climate *** on the growing use of serious games to create dialogue between stakeholders,we present a new game for policymakers called Climate Attribution Under Loss and Damage:Risking,Observing,Negotiating(CAULDRON).CAULDRON aims to communicate understanding of the science attributing extreme events to climate change in a memorable and compelling way,and create space for dialogue around policy decisions addressing changing risks and loss and damage from climate *** describe the process of developing CAULDRON,and draw on observations of players and their feedback to demonstrate its potential to facilitate the interpretation of probabilistic climate information and the understanding of its relevance to informing *** looking to engage with stakeholders can learn valuable lessons in adopting similar innovative *** suitability of games depends on the policy context but,if used appropriately,experiential learning can drive coproduced understanding and meaningful dialogue.

关键词： Climate change Extreme event attribution Loss and damage policy Participatory games Probabilistic event attribution(PEA) Risk management

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A honeycomb-tube packing medium and its application to column flotation

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Mining science and Technology 2009年第6期19卷 775-778页

作者： ZHANG Min SHI Chang-sheng LIU Jiong-tian ZHAI Ai-feng School of Chemical Engineering and Technology China University of Mining ＆ Technology Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008 China environmental Engineering Department North China Institute of Science and Technology Beifing 101601 China

We address problems in the development of large-scale flotation columns that use short cylinders. As a starting point, we investigated the packing medium to identify a highly efficient internal packing for the flotation column. The chosen packing was a honeycomb structure with an aperture diameter of 80 mm, a web thickness of 0.80 mm, a film height of 1000 mm, packed into a 400 mm diameter space, which completely filled the vessel at optimal cost. The column consisted of a modular ring of single-hole hexagonal honeycomb tube packing made from atactic polyproplene (PP-R). The packing was tested in a cyclonic, static micro-bubble flotation column. Computational fluid dynamic modeling was used to analyze the flotation fluid in a honeycomb tube packed flotation column. Our results show that the fluid axial movement was maximized and that the transverse fluid velocities were zero in the vicinity of axial flow. Using the honeycomb tube packing for copper sulfide flotation we observed that the average concentration in the product was increased to 25.41%, from an average feed concentration of 0.729%, with an average recovery of 92.92%. The demands of on-site industrial production were met.

关键词： filling column flotation mineral processing

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Photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutant under visible light by green route synthesized gold nanoparticles

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Journal of environmental sciences 2017年第5期29卷 236-246页

作者： Bharat C.Choudhary Debajyoti Paul Tarun Gupta Sandesh R.Tetgure Vaman J.Garole Amulrao U.Borse Dipak J.Garole School of Chemical sciences North Maharashtra University Jalgaon 425001 Maharashtra India centre for environmental science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh India Department of Earth sciences Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh India Enoironmental Enoineering and Manaoement Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh India Directorate of Geology and Mining Government of Maharashtra Nagpur 440010 Maharashtra India

We report a rapid method of green chemistry approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles（AuNPs）using Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf extract（LSE）. L. speciosa plant extract is known for its effective treatment of diabetes and kidney related problems. The green synthesis of Au NPs was complete within 30 min at 25°C. The same could also be achieved within 2 min at a higher reaction temperature（80°C）. Both UV–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results suggest that the morphology and size distribution of Au NPs are dependent on the pH of gold solution,gold concentration,volume of LSE,and reaction time and temperature. Comparison between Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）spectra of LSE and the synthesized Au NPs indicate an active role of polyphenolic functional groups（from gallotannins,lagerstroemin,and corosolic acid）in the green synthesis and capping of Au NPs. The green route synthesized Au NPs show strong photocatalytic activity in the reduction of dyes viz.,methylene blue,methyl orange,bromophenol blue and bromocresol green,and 4-nitrophenol under visible light in the presence of Na BH4. The non-toxic and cost effective LSE mediated Au NPs synthesis proposed in this study is extremely rapid compared to the other reported methods that require hours to days for complete synthesis of Au NPs using various plant extracts. Strong and stable photocatalytic behavior makes Au NPs attractive in environmental applications,particularly in the reduction of organic pollutants in wastewater.

关键词： Green synthesis Gold nanoparticles Lagerstroemia speciosa Photocatalyst Dyes Nitroaromatic compound

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Nanocarbon-Enhanced 2D Photoelectrodes:A New Paradigm in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第2期13卷 45-73页

作者： Jun Ke Fan He Hui Wu Siliu Lyu Jie Liu Bin Yang Zhongjian Li Qinghua Zhang Jian Chen Lecheng Lei Yang Hou Kostya Ostrikov Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology206 Guanggu 1st RoadWuhan 430205People’s Republic of China Department of environmental science and Engineering North China Electric Power University619 Yonghua N StBaoding 071003People’s Republic of China institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000People’s Republic of China Ningbo Research institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 315100People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Physics and centre for Materials science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia

Solar-driven photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting systems are highly promising for converting solar energy into clean and sustainable chemical *** such PEC systems,an integrated photoelectrode incorporates a light harvester for absorbing solar energy,an interlayer for transporting photogenerated charge carriers,and a co-catalyst for triggering redox ***,understanding the correlations between the intrinsic structural properties and functions of the photoelectrodes is *** we critically examine various 2D layered photoanodes/photocathodes,including graphitic carbon nitrides,transition metal dichalcogenides,layered double hydroxides,layered bismuth oxyhalide nanosheets,and MXenes,combined with advanced nanocarbons(carbon dots,carbon nanotubes,graphene,and graphdiyne)as co-catalysts to assemble integrated photoelectrodes for oxygen evolution/hydrogen evolution *** fundamental principles of PEC water splitting and physicochemical properties of photoelectrodes and the associated catalytic reactions are *** strategies for the assembly of 2D photoelectrodes with nanocarbons to enhance the PEC performances are *** mechanisms of interplay of 2D photoelectrodes and nanocarbon co-catalysts are further *** challenges and opportunities in the field are identified to guide future research for maximizing the conversion efficiency of PEC water splitting.

关键词： Advanced nanocarbons Co-catalysts 2D layered structure Integrated photoelectrodes Photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Printed thin film transistors with 10^(8)on/off ratios and photoelectrical synergistic characteristics using isoindigo-based polymers-enriched(9,8)carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5517-5526页

作者： Wenjing Xu Min Li Masayoshi Tange Liqiang Li Juncai Hou Jun Ye Li Wei Yuan Chen Jianwen Zhao School of Materials science and Engineering Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723001China Division of Nanodevices and Related Nanomaterials Printable Electronics Research CentreSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesNo.398 Ruoshui RoadSEIDSuzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou 215123China School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and environmental Technology Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723001China Nanomaterials Research institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)Tsukuba 3058565Japan Advanced Materials Division Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesNo.398 Ruoshui RoadSEIDSuzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou 215123China institute of High Performance Computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore 138632Singapore School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

Monochiral single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)can enable high-performance carbon-based electronic devices and integrated ***,their fabrication often requires complex SWCNT purification and ***,we showed that isoindigo-based polymer derivatives(PDPPIID and PFIID)directly enriched(9,8)nanotubes from as-synthesized SWCNT powders selectively and efficiently to yield high concentration(9,8)nanotube *** selective wrapping mechanism was elucidated by classical full-atomistic molecular dynamic(MD)***-film transistors(TFTs)were fabricated by depositing the SWCNT ink into device channels using aerosol jet *** performance was strongly influenced by polymer residues,the deposition condition(humidity),and ink *** TFTs showed excellent device-to-device uniformity with 108 on/off ***,optoelectronic transistors were fabricated,and their photoelectrical neuromorphic characteristics,storage,memory,and logic functions were characterized under the pulsed light and voltage stimulations,demonstrating excellent application potentials.

关键词： monochiral carbon nanotube polymer wrapping printed thin-film transistor photoelectrical synergistic molecular dynamic simulation

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