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Mulching mode and planting density affect canopy interception loss of rainfall and water use efficiency of dryland maize on the Loess Plateau of china

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Journal of arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 794-808页

作者： ZHENG Jing FAN Junliang ZHANG Fucang YAN Shicheng GUO Jinjin CHEN Dongfeng LI Zhijun Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and water Engineering in arid and Semiarid areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University institute of water-saving agriculture in arid areas of china Northwest A&F University

High and efficient use of limited rainwater resources is of crucial importance for the crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. To investigate the effects of different soil and crop management practices（i.e., mulching mode treatments： flat cultivation with non-mulching, flat cultivation with straw mulching, plastic-covered ridge with bare furrow and plastic-covered ridge with straw-covered furrow; and planting density treatments： low planting density of 45,000 plants/hm^2, medium planting density of 67,500 plants/hm^2 and high planting density of 90,000 plants/hm^2） on rainfall partitioning by dryland maize canopy, especially the resulted net rainfall input beneath the maize canopy, we measured the gross rainfall, throughfall and stemflow at different growth stages of dryland maize in 2015 and 2016 on the Loess Plateau of china. The canopy interception loss was estimated by the water balance method. Soil water storage, leaf area index, grain yield（as well as it components） and water use efficiency of dryland maize were measured or calculated. Results showed that the cumulative throughfall, cumulative stemflow and cumulative canopy interception loss during the whole growing season accounted for 42.3%–77.5%, 15.1%–36.3% and 7.4%–21.4% of the total gross rainfall under different treatments, respectively. Soil mulching could promote the growth and development of dryland maize and enhance the capability of stemflow production and canopy interception loss, thereby increasing the relative stemflow and relative canopy interception loss and reducing the relative throughfall. The relative stemflow and relative canopy interception loss generally increased with increasing planting density, while the relative throughfall decreased with increasing planting density. During the two experimental years, mulching mode had no significant influence on net rainfall due to the compensation between throughfall and stemflow, whereas planting density significantly affected net rainfall.

关键词： dryland maize throughfall stemflow canopy interception loss yield water use efficiency Loess Plateau

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Improvement in winter wheat productivity through regulating PSⅡ photochemistry,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under deficit irrigation conditions

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 654-665页

作者： Shahzad ALI XU Yue-yue MA Xiang-cheng JIA Qian-min JIA Zhi-kuan College of Pastoral agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000P.R.China institute of water saving agriculture in arid areas Yangling 712100P.R.China

Deficit irrigation is critical to global food production,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions with low *** water shortage has threatened agricultural sustainability under the dry-land farming system in china,there is an urgent need to develop effective water-saving *** carried out a field study under two cultivation techniques:(1) the ridge and furrow cultivation model(R);and(2) the conventional flat farming model(F),and three simulated precipitation levels(1,275 mm;2,200 mm;3,125 mm) with two deficit irrigation levels(150 and 75 mm).We demonstrated that under the ridge furrow(R) model,rainfall harvesting planting under 150 mm deficit irrigation combined with 200 mm simulated precipitation can considerably increase net photosynthesis rate(P_(n)),quantum yield of PSII(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR),performance index of photosynthetic PSII(F_(v)/F_(m)′),and transformation energy potential of PSII(F_(v)/F_(o)).In addition,during the jointing,anthesis and grain-filling stages,the grain and biomass yield in the R model are 18.9 and 11.1% higher than those in the flat cultivation model,respectively,primarily due to improved soil water *** winter wheat fluorescence parameters were significantly positively associated with the photosynthesis,biomass and wheat *** result suggests that the R cultivation model with irrigation of 150 mm and simulated precipitation of 200 mm is an effective planting method for enhancing P_(n),biomass,wheat production,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in dry-land farming areas.

关键词： chlorophyll fluorescence deficit irrigation photosynthesis production planting models soil moisture content

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Carbon payments in the Guanzhong–Tianshui region to control land degradation

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第2期4卷 246-253页

作者： Zixiang ZHOU Yufeng ZOU institute of water saving agriculture in arid areas of china Northwest A&F University National Engineering Laboratory for Crop water Efficient Use

Carbon trading and carbon offset markets are potential policy options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offsets. In a market-based framework, the carbon price should be high enough to compensate for opportunity costs. We studied a highly-modified agricultural system in the Guanzhong–Tianshui economic region of china that is typical of many temperate agricultural zones in western china. We quantified the economic returns from agriculture and from carbon plantings(both monoculture and ecological plantings) under five carbon-price scenarios. The mean carbon sequestration is 34 Mg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1), and the average annual payment increased to 1146 CNY·hm^(–2) at a medium carbon price of 50 CNY·Mg^(–1) CO_2^(–e). Thus, areas of high priority for conservation and restoration may be restored relatively cheaply in the presence of a carbon ***, however, less carbon is sequestered by ecological plantings(i.e., mixed native trees and shrubs) compared to agriculture.

关键词： carbon-price carbon sequestration economic returns Guanzhong–Tianshui economic region net present value

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Ridge-furrow plastic mulching with a suitable planting density enhances rainwater productivity,grain yield and economic benefit of rainfed maize

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Journal of arid Land 2020年第2期12卷 181-198页

作者： ZHENG Jing FAN Junliang ZOU Yufeng Henry Wai CHAU ZHANG Fucang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and water Engineering in arid and Semiarid areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China institute of water-saving agriculture in arid areas of china Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Soil and Physical Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceLincoln UniversityCanterbury 7647New Zealand

Soil surface mulching and planting density regulation are widely used for effective utilization of limited rainwater resources and improvement of crop productivity in dryland ***,the combined effects of mulching type and planting density on maize growth and yield have been seldom studied,especially in different hydrological years.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mulching type and planting density on the soil temperature,growth,grain yield(GY),water use efficiency(WUE)and economic benefit of rainfed maize in the drylands of northern china during *** fluctuated over the three *** were four mulching types(NM,flat cultivation with non-mulching;SM,flat cultivation with straw mulching;RP,plastic-mulched ridge plus bare furrow;RPFS,plastic-mulched ridge plus straw-mulched furrow)and three planting densities(LD,low planting density,45.0×10^3 plants/hm^2;MD,medium planting density,67.5×10^3 plants/hm^2;HD,high planting density,90.0×10^3 plants/hm^2).Results showed that soil temperature was higher with RP and lower with SM compared with NM,but no significant difference was found between RPFS and *** soil water was retained by soil mulching at the early growth stage,but it significantly varied at the middle and late growth *** growth was significantly improved by soil *** increasing planting density,stem diameter,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content tended to decline,whereas a single-peak trend in biomass yield was *** type and planting density did not have significant effect on evapotranspiration(ET),but GY and WUE were significantly *** were significant interacting effects of mulching type and planting density on biomass yield,GY,ET and *** with NM,RPFS,RP and SM increased GY by 57.5%,50.8%and 18.9%,and increased WUE by 66.6%,54.3%and 18.1%,*** MD,GY increased by 41.4%and 25.2%,and WUE increased by 38.6%and 22.4%compared with thos

关键词： dryland farming evapotranspiration net income soil temperature soil water storage

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Physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers in winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2015年第10期14卷 1958-1970页

作者： XU Hai-cheng CAI Tie WANG Zhen-lin HE Ming-rong National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Ministry of Science and Technology/Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University institute of water-saving agriculture in arid areas of china Agronomy College Northwest A&F University

The quality or structure of a wheat population is significantly affected by the compositions of tillers. Little has been known about the physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers. Two winter wheat cultivars, Shannong 15（SN15） and Shannong 8355（SN8355）, were used to investigate the differences of productive capacity among tillers and analyze the physiological mechanisms that determine the superior tiller group. Low-position tillers（early initiated tillers） had a higher yield per spike than high-position tillers（late initiated tillers） in both cultivars, which was due to their more grain number per spike, more fertile spikelet per spike, less sterile spikelet per spike and higher grain weight. According to cluster analysis, tillers of SN15 were classified into 2 groups： superior tiller group including main stem（0）, the first primary tiller（I） and the second primary tiller（II）; and inferior tiller group including the third primary tiller（III） and the first secondary tiller（I-p）. Tillers of SN8355 were classified into 3 groups： superior tiller group（0 and I）, intermediate tiller group（II and III） and inferior tiller group（I-p）. In comparison with other tiller groups, the superior tiller group had higher photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, higher antioxidant enzyme（SOD, POD and CAT） activities and lower levels of lipid peroxidation in leaves, higher grain filling rate in both superior and inferior grains during grain filling, higher single-stem biological yield and larger single-stem economic coefficient. Correlation analysis showed that yield per spike was positively and significantly correlated with the flag leaf photosynthetic rate, grain filling rate, the antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content（except for SN15 at 5 days post-anthesis（DPA）） of flag leaf, the single-stem biological yield, and the single-stem economic coefficient. Remarkable negative correlation was also found between yield per spike and MDA content o

关键词： enzyme activities grain filling photosynthetic rate productive capacity tillers wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower damage

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第2期4卷 165-171页

作者： Yisheng ZHANG Delan ZHU College of water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F University institute of water-saving agriculture in arid areas of china Northwest A&F University

To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was *** influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of 6%heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity,specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and1.64 mm·h^(–1) and the specific power was 0.467×10^(–3),9.340×10^(–3) and 3.110×10^(–3)W·m^(–2). These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.

关键词： application intensity damage floriculture flowers specific power sprinkler irrigation

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Improving maize growth and development simulation by integrating temperature compensatory effect under plastic film mulching into the AquaCrop model

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The Crop Journal 2023年第5期11卷 1559-1568页

作者： Chao Zhang Jiying Kong Min Tang Wen Lin Dianyuan Ding Hao Feng College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina institute of water saving agriculture in arid areas of china Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Collage of agriculture Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhong 30801ShanxiChina

Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop models. In this study, compensated temperature was integrated into the AquaCrop model to investigate the capability of the compensatory effect to improve assessment of the promotion of maize growth and development by plastic film mulching(PM). A three-year experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 with two maize varieties(spring and summer) and two mulching conditions(PM and non-mulching(NM)), and the AquaCrop model was employed to reproduce crop growth and yield responses to changes in NM, PM, and compensated PM. A marked difference in soil temperature between NM and PM was observed before 50 days after sowing(DAS) during three growing seasons. During sowing–emergence and emergence–tasseling, the increase in air temperature was proportional to the compensatory coefficient, with spring maize showing a higher compensatory temperature than summer maize. Simulation results for canopy cover(CC) were generally in good agreement with the measurements, whereas predictions of aboveground biomass and grain yield under PM indicated large underestimates from 60 DAS to the end of maturity. Simulations of spring maize biomass and yield showed general increase based on temperature compensation, accompanied by improvement in modeling accuracy, with RMSEs decreasing from 2.5 to 1.6 t ha^(-1)and from 4.1 t to 3.4 t ha^(-1). Improvement in biomass and yield simulation was less pronounced for summer than for spring maize, implying that crops grown during low-temperature periods would benefit more from the compensatory effect. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the temperature compensatory effect to improve the performance of the AquaCrop model in simulating maize growth under PM practices.

关键词： Plastic film mulching Soil temperature Compensatory effect AquaCrop model Maize growth

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Progress in TILLING as a tool for functional genomics and improvement of crops

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： Liang Chen Liugen Hao Martin A. J. Parry Andrew L. Phillips Yin-Gang Hu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in arid areas and College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science Rothamsted Research institute of water saving agriculture in arid Regions of china Northwest A&F University

Food security is a global concern and substantial yield increases in crops are required to feed the growing world population. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement and is free of the regulatory restrictions imposed on genetically modified organisms. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes（TILLING）, which combines traditional chemical mutagenesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point mutations in desired genes, offers a powerful way to create novel mutant alleles for both functional genomics and improvement of crops. TILLING is generally applicable to genomes whether small or large, diploid or evenallohexaploid, and shows great potential to address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the function of genes and to modulate key traits for plant breeding. TILLING has been successfully applied in many crop species and recent progress in TILLING is summarized below, especially on the developments in mutation detection technology, application of TILLING in gene functional studies and crop breeding. The potential of TILLING/EcoTILLING for functional genetics and crop improvement is also discussed. Furthermore, a small‐scale forward strategy including backcross and selfing was conducted to release the potential mutant phenotypes masked in M2（or M3） plants.

关键词： Crop breeding functional genomics mutation detection TILLING

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Dry/wet climate zoning and delimitation of arid areas of Northwest china based on a data-driven fashion

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Journal of arid Land 2014年第3期6卷 287-299页

作者： QingLing GENG PuTe WU QingFeng ZHANG XiNing ZHAO YuBao WANG institute of Soil and water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources institute of water saving agriculture in arid Regions of china Northwest A&F University National Engineering Research Center for water saving Irrigation at Yangling Northwest A&F University

The division of arid areas is important in water and land resources management, planning and for a long-term agricultural, economic and social planning. Northwest china （NW） dominates the main arid areas in china. There is thus a need to adopt adequate concepts relative to the scope of arid areas of NW china and identify its climate types and characteristics. In this study, we analyzed climatic data over the last 30 years （1981-2010） from 191 stations in three provinces and three autonomous regions of NW china. The factor-cluster analysis technique （FC）, an objective and automated method was employed to classify the dry/wet climate zones. The traditional methods with predefined thresholds were adopted for providing a comparison with FC. The results showed that the wet/dry climate zones by FC were mainly distributed along mountains, rivers and desert borders. Climate-division boundaries relied heavily on the major terrain features surrounding the grouped stations. It also showed that the climate was dry in the plain sandy areas but relatively wet in the high mountain areas. FC method can reflect the climate characteristics more fully in NW china with varied and complicated topography, and outperform the tradi- tional climate classifications. arid areas of NW china were defined as four climate types, including five resultant classes in FC classifications. The Qinling and Da Hinggan Mountains were two important boundaries, besides main administrative boundaries. The results also indicated that there are some differences between two traditional clas- sifications. The precipitation moved and fluctuated to an extent, which confirmed that climate change played an important role in the dry/wet climate zoning, and the boundaries of dry/wet climate zones might change and migrate with time. This paper is expected to provide a more in-depth understanding on the climate characteristics in arid areas of NW china, and then contribute to formulate reasonable water and land manageme

关键词： arid areas classifications climate zoning factor-cluster analysis

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Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis,lodging resistance,and winter wheat production in semiarid regions

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 62-77页

作者： Irshad AHMAD MENG Xiang-ping Muhammad KAMRAN Shahzad ALI Shakeel AHMAD LIU Tie-ning CAI Tie HAN Qing-fang Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and water Engineering in arid and Semiarid areas Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of ChinaNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Lodging stress results in grain yield and quality reduction in wheat. Uniconazole, a potential plant growth regulator significantly enhances lignin biosynthesis and thus provides mechanical strength to plants in order to cope with lodging stress. A field study was conducted during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and production of winter wheat. In the first experiment, uniconazole at concentrations of 0(CK), 15(US1), 30(US2), and 45(US3) mg L^-1 was applied as sole seed soaking, while in the second experiment with manganese(Mn) at concentration of 0.06 g L^-1 Mn, 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+ 15 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS1), 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+30 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS2), and 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+45 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS3), respectively. Uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient significantly increased the lignin content by improving the lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, tyrosine ammonialyase, and peroxidase, ameliorating basal internode characteristics, and breaking strength. The spike length, spike diameter, spikes/plant, weight/spike, yield/spike, and grain yield increased and then decreased with uniconazole application at a higher concentration, where their maximum values were recorded with UMS2 and US2 treatments. The lignin accumulation was positively correlated with lignin-related enzyme activities and breaking strength while, negatively correlated with lodging rate. Uniconazole significantly improved the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and grain yield of winter wheat and the treatments which showed the greatest effects were uniconazole seed soaking with micronutrient at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 and 0.06 g L^-1 , and uniconazole sole seed soaking at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 .

关键词： lignin biosynthesis lodging resistance semi-arid regions manganese uniconazole wheat

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