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ChinAfrica 2024年第8期16卷 31-33页

作者： TIAN JIETANG LUO LIPING MA SHUAN GU YAN LI YUJU Industrial Economics Department Development Research Centre of the State Council Research institute for Regional Economy and Ecological Development Hunan Academy of Social Sciences Specialised Committee on international cooperation and Science and Technology Diplomacy Chinese Association for Science of Science and S&T Policy Research Xi Jinping Economic Thought Research Centre National Development and Reform Commission

In recent years,China has made remarkable technological progress in a number of *** this progress,it is crucial to rapidly transform technological results into productivity gains.

关键词： technological cooperation remarkable

Adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration in East Africa. What influence farmers' decision?

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international Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第1期8卷 90-101页

作者： Stanley Karanja Ng'ang'a Dorcas Anyango Jalang'o Evan Hartunian Girvetz international Centre for tropical agriculture(CIAT) National Agricultural Research Laboratories-KawandaP.O.Box 6247KampalaUganda international Centre for tropical agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 823-00621NairobiKenya

The last two decades have seen a rise of interest in the adoption and diffusion of agricultural technologies aimed at improving the sustainability of agricultural lands among smallholder farmers in developing *** papers set out to understand factors that influence the adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration among smallholder farmers,using secondary data recorded in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies(WOCAT)database from 45 to 50 smallholders'farmers in selected places in Kenya and Ethiopia respectively.A Probit model was used to analyse whether socio-economic,institutional,off-farm income,technical know-how,farmers'percep-tions,and land use characteristics influences the adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon *** results show that smallholder farmers that positively perceived net benefits of the soil carbon enhancing technologies were more likely to adopt such technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration in both *** to off-farm income and land ownership with title deeds were also found to be positively associated with ***-farm income positively influences adoption among farmer with a moderate income(100-500US$per year)but not the rich(>500US$)*** to high level of skills and technical know-how required for implementing and maintaining a technology on the farm had a negative influence on *** shows that interventions,aimed at addressing specific factors such as inadequate skills and knowledge,change in perception among farmers,and off-farm income are likely to have the greatest impact in decisions relating to the adoption of the soil carbon enhancing practices among farmers in East Africa.

关键词： Factors Influencing The adoption Soil carbon Sequestration East Africa

The influence of grazing and cultivation on runoff, soil erosion, and soil nutrient export in the central highlands of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 252-262页

作者： Zenebe Adimassu Lulseged Tamene Degefie TDegefie international Water Management institute(IWMI) Addis AbabaEthiopia international Center for tropical agriculture(CIAT) Addis AbabaEthiopia Water and Land Resource Center Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Grazing by livestock and cultivation have been considered as two important causes of soil erosion and nutrient ***,there has been limited evidence that grazing or cultivation matters to soil erosion and nutrient export in ***,this study was conducted in the Galesa watershed in Ethiopia to examine the effects of grazing and cultivation on runoff,soil loss,and nutrient *** values of runoff,soil erosion,and nutrient outflow were measured for three consecutive years following standard *** t test was performed to check if the means of runoff,soil loss,and nutrient loss from grazing and cultivated lands were significantly ***,repeated analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to test if mean values of runoff,soil loss,and nutrient export varied significantly over the study ***:Although the average annual runoff depth was 7.8%higher in grazing land(GL),soil erosion was significantly lower(39%)in GL as compared to cultivated land(CL).Similarly,sediment and runoff-associated annual losses of total nitrogen(N),available phosphorus(P),exchangeable potassium(K),and organic carbon(OC)were low in the GL *** losses of total N(9.30 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),available P(0.83 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),and exchangeable K(1.84 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1))were recorded in GL ***,lowest losses of sediment-associated total N(32.8 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),available P(0.39 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),exchangeable K(0.23 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),and soil organic carbon(630 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1))were recorded from GL over the 3 years of ***:Our results indicate that cultivation increased soil erosion as compared to *** there were significant reductions in soil erosion and nutrient export from grazing lands compared with cultivated lands,the absolute losses were still *** implies the need for grazing land management using appropriate physical and biological erosion control

关键词： Cultivation Land degradation Runoff coefficient Soil erosion Soil nutrient export Tillage

A Physics-informed Deep-learning Intensity Prediction Scheme for tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1391-1402页

作者： Yitian ZHOU Ruifen ZHAN Yuqing WANG Peiyan CHEN Zhemin TAN Zhipeng XIE Xiuwen NIE Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Typhoon institute of China Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and international Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu 96822USA Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and School of the Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Accurate prediction of tropical cyclone(TC)intensity is challenging due to the complex physical processes ***,we introduce a new TC intensity prediction scheme for the western North Pacific(WNP)based on a time-dependent theory of TC intensification,termed the energetically based dynamical system(EBDS)model,together with the use of a long short-term memory(LSTM)neural *** time-dependent theory,TC intensity change is controlled by both the internal dynamics of the TC system and various environmental factors,expressed as environmental dynamical *** LSTM neural network is used to predict the environmental dynamical efficiency in the EBDS model trained using besttrack TC data and global reanalysis data during 1982–*** transfer learning and ensemble methods are used to retrain the scheme using the environmental factors predicted by the Global Forecast System(GFS)of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction during 2017–*** predicted environmental dynamical efficiency is finally iterated into the EBDS equations to predict TC *** new scheme is evaluated for TC intensity prediction using both reanalysis data and the GFS prediction *** intensity prediction by the new scheme shows better skill than the official prediction from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)and those by other state-of-art statistical and dynamical forecast systems,except for the 72-h *** at the longer lead times of 96 h and 120 h,the new scheme has smaller forecast errors,with a more than 30%improvement over the official forecasts.

关键词： tropical cyclones western North Pacific intensity prediction EBDS LSTM

Cardiac resident macrophages: Spatiotemporal distribution, development, physiological functions, and their translational potential on cardiac diseases

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1483-1493页

作者： Jing Jin Yurou Wang Yueqin Liu Subrata Chakrabarti Zhaoliang Su international Genome Center Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China institute for Medical Immunology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Center Laboratory the Fourth People's Hospital of ZhenjiangZhenjiang 212008China Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Western UniversityLondonOntario N6A 5C1Canada

Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.

关键词： Cardiac resident macrophages Spatiotemporal distribution Cardiac development Cardiac homeostasis Physiological functions Research tools Clinical translation Transcriptional characteristics

Microstrip Patch Antenna with an Inverted T-Type Notch in the Partial Ground for Breast Cancer Detections

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1301-1322页

作者： Nure Alam Chowdhury Lulu Wang Md Shazzadul Islam Linxia Gu Mehmet Kaya Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFL 32901USA Biomedical Device Innovation Center Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan GombakSelangor53100Malaysia

This study designs a microstrip patch antenna with an inverted T-type notch in the partial ground to detect tumorcells inside the human *** size of the current antenna is small enough(18mm×21mm×1.6mm)todistribute around the breast *** operating frequency has been observed from6–14GHzwith a minimumreturn loss of−61.18 dB and themaximumgain of current proposed antenna is 5.8 dBiwhich is flexiblewith respectto the size of *** the distribution of eight antennas around the breast phantom,the return loss curveswere observed in the presence and absence of tumor cells inside the breast phantom,and these observations showa sharp difference between the presence and absence of tumor *** simulated results show that this proposedantenna is suitable for early detection of cancerous cells inside the breast.

关键词： Antenna microwave wideband cancer breast phantom tumor detection

Sustainable intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa:first things first!

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 376-382页

作者： Bernard VANLAUWE Achim DOBERMANN international institute of tropical agriculture Nairobi00100 NairobiKenya 2 International Fertilizer Association75116 ParisFrance

We both belong to a generation of soils scientists and agronomists who have spent or are spending their career trying to develop and scale better soil and crop management solutions for smallholder farmers in the *** have witnessed some successes in this,but also many ***,the work of the first author(BV)has primarily been in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),while much of the work of the second author(AD)has been in *** both believe that there is great urgency to accelerate crop production in Africa,the region with the greatest challenges for food and nutritional security and socioeconomic *** believe that what SSA needs most now is an agronomic revolution.

关键词： soil Sustainable Africa

Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE Kassa TEKA Daniel H BERHE Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of Natural Resources Management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

Impact of exclosures on wood biomass production and fuelwood supply in northern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 629-637页

作者： Wolde Mekuria Mastewal Yami Mitiku Haile Kindeya Gebrehiwot Emiru Birhane international Water Management institute(IWMI) international institute of tropical agriculture(IITA) Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences

In the Ethiopian highlands, communal grazing lands are one of the major land uses, and are source of livelihood for the rural people. Free and uncontrolled grazing in the communal grazing lands is the dominant grazing system. The traditional uncontrolled and free grazing system has caused severe degradation of the grazing lands. As a result, communities have started to establish exclosures and support the restoration of degraded communal grazing lands. Studies have shown that exclosures are effective to restoring degraded communal grazing lands and improving ecosystem services. However, studies that investigate the changes in aboveground biomass following the establishment of exclosures and compare it with fuelwood demand of the beneficiaries in our study area is lacking. Therefore, our study aimed at:(1) quantifying yearly biomass accumulation in exclosures and compare it to fuelwood demand of households that manage the exclosures;(2) assessing household energy sources and their consumption levels. To monitor changes in biomass production with over time, replicated(n = 3) 5 and10 year-old exclosures were sampled. To investigate fuelwood sources and consumption patterns, household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussion were conducted. Our results demonstrated that total biomass production increased with exclosure age. In both exclosure, biomass production from Vachellia etbaica was significantly(p \ 0.05) greater than that from ***. Average daily fuelwood consumption per person was(0.63 ± 0.2) kg day^(-1). This means that the total biomass(27.5 Mg year^(-1)) obtained from 114.6 ha of exclosures covers only 9.4% of yearly fuelwood demand of the residents who manage the sampled exclosures. Nearly all respondents(95%) confirmed that they travel more than10 km day^(-1) to gather fuelwood from surrounding degraded forest patches. We recommend plantings of fast growing native tree species within exclosures and around homesteads to provide

关键词： Biomass Ethiopia Exclosures Fuel wood Tigray Woody species

Functional response of a parasitoid Ganaspidium utilis （Hymenoptera： Eucoilidae） on the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii （Diptera： Agromyzidae）

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Insect Science 2005年第5期12卷 381-385页

作者： LEKHNATH KAFLE PO-YUNG LAI YIN-FU CHANG Department of tropical agriculture and international cooperation National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyPingtung Hsien Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Shanhua Tainan Taiwan China

Functional response of a solitary, larval-pupal endoparasitoid of Liriomyza leafminers, Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley, was estimated on Liriomyza trifolii Burgess at three temperatures （17℃, 25℃, 29℃ ） and host densities. A type Ⅱ random parasitoid equation （RPE） was used to estimate instantaneous search rate and handling time. The instantaneous search rate increased as temperature increased. All of the RPE regressions obtained for functional response of G. utilis at different temperatures were significant （P〈0.01）. The slope of RPE regression lines was lower across the temperatures. At 29±2℃, the maximum number of larvae parasitized was 7.8 per day. It decreased to 7.2 larvae parasitized at 25±2℃. At 17±2℃, no significant increment of parasitization was observed due to the host density increments. The estimated handling time was lowest at 17±2℃ and highest at 25 ± 2℃, respectively. The ability of G. utilis to find and parasitize L. trifolii over a wide range of temperatures makes them a good candidate for biological control of Liriomyza leafminers.

关键词： functional response Ganaspidium utilis host density Liriomyza trifolii random parasitoid equation temperature