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Determination of riding comfort on cycleways using a smartphone application

Journal of Traffic and transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Anna Niska Leif Sjögren Peter Andrén Christian Weber Tineke de Jong Aslak Fyhri Department of Infrastructure Maintenance Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute(VTI)Linköping SE-58195Sweden Department of Safety and Behavior Institute of Transport EconomicsGaustadalleen 210349 OsloNorway

Well maintained cycleways will encourage more people to cycle,as the condition of cycleways is important for the safety,accessibility and riding comfort of *** that,only a few models used to describe the quality of service for cyclists take the surface condition into *** measuring methods are needed to enable reliable and effective assessment of surface conditions,and measurable performance criteria related to the needs of cyclists should be *** purpose of this study has been to test the reliability and validity of using accelerometers in smartphones to assess the riding comfort on cycleways.A smartphone application converting three-dimensional accelerometer measurements into a single indicator for cycleways has been used to assess road surfaces in two field studies,in Sweden and Norway,*** studies assessed test sections of varying *** relate the measurements to subjective riding comfort assessments by cyclists,recruited cyclists collected quantitative data using the app,whilst also rating their perceived riding comfort by completing a *** were also related to standard road surface condition indicators,generated from a road surface tester equipped with 19 laser sensors:international roughness index(IRI),mega-and *** results show that it is possible to describe the unevenness of a cycleway using the technology present in smartphones.A software application can be used to collect and analyse data from the acceleration sensors in the phone,which can then be used to describe the riding comfort of *** is mainly the unevenness in the 50-1000 mm sizerange that create the greatest discomfort for cyclists,and intermittent vibrations are perceived as more uncomfortable than more evenly distributed ***,IRI is not a relevant measurement for describing the riding comfort of cyclists.

关键词： Cyclist Comfort Assessment Road surface measurement Smartphone application

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A Combination Prediction Model for Short Term Travel Demand of Urban Taxi

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3877-3896页

作者： Mingyuan Li Yuanli Gu Qingqiao Geng Hongru Yu School of Traffic and transportation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China transport Planning and Research institute Ministry of TransportBeijing100028China

This study proposes a prediction model considering external weather and holiday factors to address the issue of accurately predicting urban taxi travel demand caused by complex data and numerous influencing *** model integrates the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)and Convolutional Long Short Term Memory Neural Network(ConvLSTM)to predict short-term taxi travel *** CEEMDAN decomposition method effectively decomposes time series data into a set of modal components,capturing sequence characteristics at different time scales and *** on the sample entropy value of components,secondary processing of more complex sequence components after decomposition is employed to reduce the cumulative prediction error of component sequences and improve prediction *** this basis,considering the correlation between the spatiotemporal trends of short-term taxi traffic,a ConvLSTM neural network model with Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)time series processing ability and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)spatial feature processing ability is constructed to predict the travel demand for urban *** combined prediction model is tested on a taxi travel demand dataset in a certain area of *** results show that the CEEMDAN-ConvLSTM prediction model outperforms the LSTM,Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model(ARIMA),CNN,and ConvLSTM benchmark models in terms of Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error(SMAPE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),and R2 ***,the SMAPE metric exhibits a remarkable decline of 21.03%with the utilization of our proposed *** results confirm that our study provides a highly accurate and valid model for taxi travel demand forecasting.

关键词： Urban transport taxi travel demand prediction CEEMDAN-ConvLSTM modal components

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Developing a multi-method approach to identifying e-scooter hazard hotspots

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Journal of Traffic and transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 667-680页

作者： Michael Hardinghaus Simon Nieland Rebekka Oostendorp Jan Weschke German Aerospace Center(DLR)institute of transport Research Berlin 12489Germany

In recent years,e-scooters have been introduced in many European *** several places we have witnessed a rapid uptake of this new mode of transport mainly as a result of public sharing schemes.A number of incidents,injuries and even fatalities have given rise to questions regarding the safety of these *** questions are being researched mainly using official crash data and data specifying injuries and hospital *** now,the research has focused on investigating typical injury patterns and estimating risk *** little is known about exactly where conflicts and crashes *** of hazard hotspots is crucial when investigating risk levels and improving safety for all road ***,this paper develops an approach to investigating locations with potentially dangerous interactions within the active mobility system in the city of *** approach consists of explorative expert interviews,an online poll,and quantitative *** the latter we combine three ***,we research crash hotspots using official ***,we use data based on acceleration sensors from cyclists'smartphones to find locations of sudden ***,we use trip data from the operators of escooter sharing *** information gathered is used in a conclusive expert workshop to identify hazard *** show that many of the conflicts with pedestrians are caused by parked ***,e-scooter trips are concentrated in the inner city and along specific *** moving traffic,various data sources are used to identify hotspots at intersections and in areas between *** present research lays the foundation for important further studies to investigate interactions at hotspots in detail by determining nine specific locations in the city of Berlin.

关键词： E-scooter Accidents Crashes Active mobility Micromobility Road safety

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Increasing realism in modelling energy losses in railway vehicles and their impact to energy-efficient train control

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第3期32卷 257-285页

作者： Michael Nold Francesco Corman institute for transport Planning and Systems ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland

The reduction of energy consumption is an increasingly important topic of the railway ***-efficient train control(EETC)is one solution,which refers to mathematically computing when to accelerate,which cruising speed to hold,how long one should coast over a suitable space,and when to *** approaches in literature and industry greatly simplify a lot of nonlinear effects,such that they ignore mostly the losses due to energy conversion in traction components and *** fill this research gap,a series of increasingly detailed nonlinear losses is described and *** categorize an increasing detail in this representation as four *** study the impact of those levels of detail on the energy optimal speed *** do this,a standard approach based on dynamic programming is used,given constraints on total travel *** evaluation of multiple test cases highlights the influence of the dynamic losses and the power consumption of auxiliary components on railway trajectories,also compared to multiple *** results show how the losses can make up 50%of the total energy consumption for an exemplary *** them would though result in consistent but limited errors in the optimal ***,more complex trajectories can result in less energy consumption when including the complexity of nonlinear losses than when a simpler model is *** effects are stronger when the trajectory includes many acceleration and braking phases.

关键词： Train trajectory optimization Energy-efficient train control(EETC) Dynamic efficiency Power losses in railway vehicles

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Contribution of Surface Waves to Sea Surface Temperatures in the Arctic Ocean

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第5期23卷 1151-1162页

作者： WEI Meng SHAO Weizeng SHEN Wei HU Yuyi ZHANG Yu ZUO Juncheng College of Oceanography and Ecological Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China China Waterborne transport Research institute Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100088China

The aim of our study was to examine the contribution of surface waves from WAVEWATCH-III(WW3)to the variation in sea surface temperature(SST)in the Arctic *** simulated significant wave height(SWH)were validated against the products from Haiyang-2B(HY-2B)in 2021,obtaining a root mean squared error(RMSE)of 0.45 with a correlation of 0.96 and scatter index of *** wave-induced effects,i.e.,wave breaking and mixing induced by nonbearing waves resulting in changes in radiation stress and Stokes drift,were calculated from WW3,ERA-5 wind,SST,and salinity data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and were taken as forcing fields in the Stony Brook Parallel Ocean *** results showed that an RMSE of 0.81℃ with wave-induced effects was less than the RMSE of 1.11℃ achieved without the wave term compared with the simulated SST with the measurements from *** the four wave effects and sea ice freezing,the SST in the Arctic Ocean decreased by up to 1℃ in *** analysis revealed that the SWH was linear in SST(values without subtraction of waves)in summer and autumn,but this behavior was not observed in spring or winter due to the presence of sea *** interannual variation also presented a negative relationship between the difference in SST and SWH.

关键词： sea surface wave sea surface temperature Arctic Ocean

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Linkage between riverbed scouring or deposition and the evolution of central bars:Case study in the Yangzhong reach of the Yangtze River

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第7期34卷 1323-1347页

作者： YANG Yunping ZHANG Xiabo FENG Xiaoxiang HAN Jianqiao WANG Jianjun ZHU Yude YANG Yanhua Tianjin Research institute for Water transport Engineering Ministry of TransportTianjin300456China College of Harbour Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing210098China Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University YanglingShaanxi712199China

Understanding the relationship between unbalanced riverbed scouring or deposition and the evolution of central bars in natural conditions and human activity is useful for river regime control and waterway improvement *** this end,we utilized the Yangzhong reach in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a case study and evaluated runoff,sediment content,and topographical data measured over the past 70 years(1951–2021).With the decrease in the amount of incoming sediment in the river basin,the Yangzhong reach exhibited a continuous state of *** cumulative riverbed scouring volumes of the low-water and flood channels from 1981 to 2021 were 3.97×10^(8)and 4.14×10^(8)m^(3),respectively,with the riverbed scouring volume of the low-water channel accounting for 95.9%of that of the flood *** quasi-natural runoff–sediment conditions,the evolution of the central bars in the Yangzhong reach was highly correlated with the amount of scouring or *** particular,the Luochengzhou reach could be characterized as a meandering river with scouring on concave riverbanks and deposition on convex *** the context of reduced incoming sediment,the beach area of the Yangzhong reach decreased by approximately 9.9%(from 2003 to 2021)and the central bars of the straight section areas ***,following operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,both the Luocheng central bar and Jiangyin beach areas could be characterized as meandering rivers with convex riverbanks and *** the quasi-natural period before the implementation of the waterway improvement project,the trend of high scouring intensity and increased fluid diversion ratio in the right branch of the Luocheng central bar was in accordance with the law that the short branch of the length is in a developing state under the condition of decreasing river sediment *** the control of riverbank protection and the construction of waterway improvement projects in the Yangzhong

关键词： riverbed scouring or deposition beach morphology linkage relationship causal analysis tidal reach Yangtze River

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Promoting grain production through high-standard farmland construction:Evidence in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 324-335页

作者： Shuai Hao Guogang Wang Yantao Yang Sicheng Zhao Shengnan Huang Liping Liu Huanhuan Zhang institute of Agricultural economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Food security is a strategic priority for a country’s economic *** China,high-standard farmland construction(HSFC)is an important initiative to stabilize grain production and increase grain production *** on panel data from 31 sample provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China from 2005–2017,this study explored the impact of HSFC on grain yield using the difference-in-differences(DID)*** results showed that HSFC significantly increased total grain production,which is robust to various *** increased grain yield through three potential ***,it could increase the grain replanting ***,it could effectively reduce yield loss due to droughts and ***,HSFC could strengthen the cultivated land by renovating the low-and medium-yielding *** analysis found that the HSFC farmland showed a significant increase in grain yield only in the main grain-producing areas and balanced *** addition,HSFC significantly increased the yields of rice,wheat,and maize while leading to a reduction in soybean *** findings suggest the government should continue to promote HSFC,improve construction standards,and strictly control the“non-agriculturalization”and“non-coordination”of farmland to increase grain production *** the same time,market mechanisms should be used to incentivize soybean farming,improve returns and stabilize soybean yields.

关键词： high-standard farmland farmland construction food security food production area difference-in-differences

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Food security amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Asia:Evidence from rural Tajikistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2853-2867页

作者： Yuhan Zhao Chen Qian Yumei Zhang Xiande Li Kamiljon T.Akramov institute of Agricultural economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Academy of Global Food economics and Policy College of Economics and ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China International Food Policy Research institute(IFPRI) WashingtonD.C.20005USA

Food security has been long understudied in the context of Central *** present an analysis examining household-level food demand for Tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the COVID-19 *** on an extensive household survey data set from Tajikistan,we estimate the expenditure,income,and price elasticities for nine food categories using the QUAIDS ***,we develop a microsimulation model using the estimated elasticities to assess the dual impact of declining remittance income and rising food prices stemming from the pandemic *** are significant differences in demand elasticities across food groups,with high elasticities observed for nutritious foods,such as meat,fruit,eggs,and milk,in rural ***,our findings show that changes in remittance income and food prices significantly negatively affected food security for rural households during the COVID-19 *** findings have important implications for policymakers concerned about rural livelihoods and food security in remittance-receiving economies during the post-pandemic period.

关键词： international remittances food security COVID-19 Tajikistan Central Asia

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Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature Cooling in Typhoon Events Passing the Kuroshio Current

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 287-303页

作者： HU Yuyi SHAO Weizeng SHEN Wei ZUO Juncheng JIANG Tao HU Song College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China East China Sea Environment Monitoring Ministry of Natural ResourcesShanghai 201206China China Waterborne transport Research institute Ministry of TransportBeijing 100088China

The aim of this study is to investigate the sea surface temperature(SST) cooling as typhoons pass the Kuroshio Current.A numerical circulation model,denoted as the Stony Brook Parallel Ocean Model(sbPOM),was used to simulate the SST,which includes four wave-induced effect terms(i.e.,radiation stress,nonbreaking waves,Stokes drift,and breaking waves) simulated using the third-generation wave model,called WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ(WW3).The significant wave height(SWH) measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter were used to validate the WW3-simulated results,yielding a root mean square error(RMSE) of less than 0.50 m and a correlation coefficient(COR) of approximately *** water temperature measured from the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite was applied to validate the model ***,the RMSE of the SST is 0.92℃ with a COR of approximately *** revealed in the sbPOM-simulated SST fields,a reduction in the SST at the Kuroshio Current region was observed as a typhoon passed,although the water temperature of the Kuroshio Current is relatively *** variation of the SST is consistent with that of the current,whereas the maximum SST lagged behind the occurrence of the peak ***,the Stokes drift plays an important role in the SST cooling after analyzing four wave-induced terms in the background of the Kuroshio *** sensitivity experiment also showed that the accuracy of the water temperature was significantly reduced when including breaking waves,which play a negative role in the inside part of the *** variation in the mean mixing layer depth(MLD) showed that a typhoon could enhance the mean MLD in the Kuroshio Current area in September and October,whereas a typhoon has little influence on the mean MLD in the Kuroshio Current area in ***,the mean MLD rapidly decreased with the weakening of the strong wind force and wave-induced effects when a typhoon crossed the Kuroshio Current.

关键词： typhoon wave sea surface temperature Kuroshio Current

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Foreign Ownership and International Trade Performance in China

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China & World Economy 2024年第2期32卷 42-72页

作者： Zhiyuan Li Yichun Lin Mingyao Xu School of economics Fudan University Shanghai institute of International Finance and economics China School of economics Fudan UniversityChina

We investigate the causal relationship between foreign ownership and international trade performance by comparing foreign-acquired firms with similar domestic-acquired firms in China with regard to changes in their post-acquisition international trade *** findings indicate that foreign ownership significantly enhanced the probability of both exporting and importing,and strongly increased trade *** ownership took effect from the year of the acquisition and persisted for at least 2 *** stimulated both processing trade and ordinary trade,and expanded products and trading ***-acquisition trade performance also exhibited heterogeneity based on the different pre-acquisition and post-acquisition *** for the underlying mechanisms,we show that firms experienced significant output expansion,increased export dependence,and eased financial constraints after foreign acquisition.

关键词： domestic acquisition foreign acquisition foreign ownership international trade performance

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