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A Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Heritage in Extreme Climate Changes

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 404-420页

作者： Riccardo Cacciotti Alessandro Sardella Milo? Drdácky Alessandra Bonazza institute of theoretical and applied mechanics Czech Academy of Sciences institute of Atmospheric sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Department of Environmental and Prevention sciences University of Ferrara Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale

Vulnerability evaluation plays a key role in risk assessment and reduction and is essential for defining strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In dealing with the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk, we are still far from adopting and applying an agreed methodology for vulnerability assessment. With the aim to support practitioners, heritage managers,and policy and decision makers to undertake actions that address the protection of cultural heritage at risk, the methodology set up in the framework of the Interreg Central Europe STRENCH is illustrated and discussed here. Based on three major requirements(susceptibility, exposure, and resilience) and a continuous consultation with local stakeholders, the proposed methodology is applicable for evaluating the vulnerability of built heritage and cultural landscape exposed to hydrometeorological hazards, such as heavy rains, floods, and droughts. The results obtained through its validation on 15 case studies from seven Central European regions are shown to underline the strengths and limitations of the methodological *** consultation with local stakeholders was fundamental for the definition of the criteria/subcriteria and related values for the assessment of the requirements. Application to further sites in other contexts would surely contribute to strengthening the reliability of the methodological approach.

关键词： Built and natural heritage Exposure Heritage vulnerability Resilience Risk management Susceptibility

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of applied sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of applied sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese academy of sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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Mathematical Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow in Minichannels and Microchannels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第4期19卷 289-294页

作者： Jan Vimmr Hynek Klterka Marek Hajzman Martin Luxa Rudolf Dvork University of West Bohemia Faculty of Applied SciencesDepartment of MechanicsUniverzitni 22CZ-306 14 Pilsen Czech Republic University of West Bohemia Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Power System EngineeringUniverzitni 22CZ-306 14 PilsenCzech Republic institute of Thermomechanics of academy of sciences of the czech republic Department of Fluid Dynamics Dolejskova 5CZ-182 00 PragueCzech Republic

The first part of this study is focused on the numerical modelling and experimental investigation of transonic flow through a 2D model of the male rotor-housing gap in a dry screw *** simulations of the clearance flow are performed with the help of the in-house compressible Navier-Stokes *** measurements based on the Schlieren method in Toepler configuration are carried *** objective of the second part of the study is to derive the analytical solution of gas microflow development in a gap between two parallel *** microflow is assumed to be laminar,incompressible and the velocity slip boundary conditions are considered at the *** constant velocity profile is prescribed at the *** the mathematical description of the problem,the Oseen equation is *** analytical results are compared with the numerical ones obtained using the developed incompressible Navier-Stokes solver including the slip flow boundary conditions.

关键词： clearance gap transonic flow compressible Navier-Stokes solver mieroflow development Oseen flow model analytical solution incompressible Navier-Stokes solver

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Cultural Heritage and Flood Need of Interdisciplinarity

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第4期5卷 21-24页

作者： Klára Nedvědová institute of theoretical and applied mechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic

This contribution discusses some results of the ongoing research focused on the protection of cultural heritage from flood danger. The research project Methodology of Protection and Rescue of Cultural Heritage against Flood takes place in the czech republic and is focused on specific regional problems that have been experienced during and after disastrous floods in past 15 years. However, the lessons learned have wider applicability to the issue of flood protection of cultural heritage. Here, we describe two case studies that represent important issues requiring a solution;addressing these issues was the main motivation for the whole project.

关键词： Cultural Heritage Flood Interdisciplinarity Flood Protection System

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Tectonic Phase Separation applied to the Sudetic Marginal Fault Zone(NE part of the czech republic)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 251-267页

作者： NOVAKOVA Lucie Department of Seismotectonics Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics Academy of Sciencesv.v.i.V Holesovickach 41Prague 8Czech Republic

This study emphasizes the advantage of tectonic phase separation in determination of a tectonic evolution of complicated fault zones. The research focused on the Sudetic Marginal Fault Zone(SMFZ) –a 250 km long active fault zone with documented intraplate seismicity situated on the NE margin of the Bohemian Massif(the czech republic). The tectonic history of the SMFZ as well as its kinematic development has been rather complicated and not quite understood. A field structural investigation was carried out in extensive surroundings of the fault zone. The fault-slip data were collected in a number of natural outcrops and quarries with the aim at establishing a robust and field-constrained model for local brittle structural evolution of the studied area. A paleostress analysis was calculated using the collected fault-slip data inversion. The T-Tecto software was utilized for semiautomatic separation of the paleostress phases. Simultaneously three methods of data separation were employed:(1) the Gauss inverse method,(2) the Visualization of Gauss object Function, and(3) the frequency analysis. Within the fault zone multiphase movements were observed on various types of faults as well as wide range of the kinematic indicators orientations. The frequency analysis confirmed the multiphase history of the SMFZ. The calculated tectonic phases were divided according to their relative age as constrained by cross cutting relationships and, where observed, multiple striations on a single fault plane and classified from the oldest to the younger. Data separation and inversion usingT-Tecto software with the Gauss inverse method revealed four different stress phases which are 3 strike-slip stress regimes and one compressional regime. The strike-slip regimes are characterized by σ1 trending NW-SE(43), NNE-SSW(18), ENE-WSW(76) and the compressional one by σ1 trending W-E(26). First, compression occurred parallel to the SMFZ supposedly during the Variscan period. Second, compression at

关键词： Sudetic Marginal Fault Zone Paleostress reconstruction Active tectonics Frequency analysis

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Grain Size Distribution of Soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: An Indicator of Basic Mechanical Properties for Slope Stability Evaluation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 563-577页

作者： Jan NOVOTNY Jan KLIME ARCADIS CZ a.s. institute of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics Charles University in Prague Albertov Department of Engineering Geology Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i

This paper presents results of a study on the mechanical properties of sandy and gravely soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The soils were divided into groups according to their origin(glacial, fluvial, or debris flow). The grain size distribution of forty three soil samples was used to classify the soils according to the scheme of the Unified Soil Classification System(USCS). These distributions have then been used to estimate shear strength and hydraulic properties of the soils. There are clear differences between the soils which reflect their divergent origins. The glacial soils normally fit within one of two distinctive groups according to the proportion of fines(Group A, 7%-21.5%; Group B, 21%-65%). The estimation of shear strength at constant volume friction angle and peak shear strength of the glacial sediments with low content of fines was made using published data relating to the measured shear strength characteristics of soils with similar origins and grain size distributions. The estimated values were supported by measurements of the angle of repose taken from fourteen samples from two moraines and by shear tests on samples from one locality. The results of the grain size distribution werealso used to estimate the average hydraulic conductivity using the empirical Hazen formula which results were verified by field infiltration tests at two localities.

关键词： Moraines Grain size distribution Shearstrength Hydraulic conductivity Cordillera Blanca Peru

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Valuation of American Call Option Considering Uncertain Volatility

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Advances in applied Mathematics and mechanics 2010年第2期2卷 211-221页

作者： I.Hlavácek institute of Mathematics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicZitná25Prague 1CZ 11567Czech Republic

The parabolic variational inequality for simulating the valuation of American option is used to analyze a continuous dependence of the solution with respect to the uncertain volatility *** kinds of the continuity are proved,enabling us to employ the maximum range method for the uncertain parameter,under the condition that the criterion-functional has the corresponding property.

关键词： American options parabolic variational inequality uncertain parameter

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Pest Management in Museum Collections and Storage Areas （New ApproachmOnline Sensors for Pest Detection）

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2014年第3期3卷 163-176页

作者： Petra Stefcoa Michal Pech Michael Kotyk Jaroslav Valach Karel Julis Jirl Frankl National Museum Prague 11579 Czech Republic institute of theoretical and applied mechanics of the academy of sciences of the czech republic Prague 19000 Czech Republic

Common denominator and one of the goals in the ＂storage＂ of many, even different, commodities （agricultural, etc.） is their protection against invasion by biological pests; protection of objects of cultural heritage deposited in museums, galleries, archives and other institutions of a similar type is one of the specific case. The present article is an overview of basic （potential） biological pests of some ＂storage＂ commodities （with emphasis on the protection of objects of cultural heritage） as well as methods used for their detection. In the final section, a modular system of the ongoing assessment of the environmental characteristics of depositaries and exhibitions （including ＂biological＂） is briefly presented; its advantage is the possibility of on-line monitoring of the evaluated parameters （temperature, humidity, lighting, etc.） including the detection of presence of crawling and airborne insects.

关键词： Protection of objects and buildings of cultural heritage monitoring protection against the dangers of biological damage internal environment sensors.

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Numerical Simulation of an Indentation Process for Defining the Viscoelastic Characteristics of Time-Dependent Materials

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2012年第1期2卷 81-89页

作者： Jiri Minster Michal Micka institute of theoretical and applied mechanics of the academy of sciences of the czech republic Prague Czech Republic Faculty of Transportation sciences Czech Technical University Prague 11000 Czech Republic

The aim of the paper is to find a practical numerical approach to define the time-dependent mechanical characteristics of a rheonomic material from microindentation data. The ANSYS FEM program for viscoelastic bodies is used for numerical simulations of the indentation process. All three parts of the indentation process (loading), dwell time with indentation creep and unloading, are well modelled and the histories of the relaxation modulus, the bulk or shear moduli are defined in the form of Prony series. The results obtained by numerical simulation are compared with satisfactory accuracy to the values from an analytical approach based on the linear theory of viscoelasticity and to results of standard macro tests of the material, which had been previously measured by the authors.

关键词：数值模拟形式定义标准材料压痕弹性特性时间变化 ANSYS有限元程序时间依赖性

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Cavitation Rates in Water with Dissolved Gas and Other Impurities

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第2期12卷 151-156,170页

作者： PatrikZima Franti■ekMar■ík MilanSedlá■ institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of CRDolejkova 518200Praha 8Czech RepublicInstitute of ThermomechanicsAcademy of Sciences of CRDolejkova 518200Praha 8Czech RepublicSIGMA Research and Development InstituteJana Sigmunda 7978350 LutínCzech Republic

Our objective is a better understanding of the role of physical properties of real fluids in the thermodynamics of cavitation in impure water. An extension to the classical homogenous nucleation theory suitable for mixtures is presented in attempt to address the discrepancy between the theoretical predictions and practical observations of cavitation rates in water at normal temperatures. The extension takes into account the non-equilibrium (dissipative) effects involved in nuclei formation through a substance dependent correction coefficient to be determined experimentally. The theory of thermodynamic fluctuations is applied to derive the work of formation of a bubble nucleus. The value of the correction coefficient is estimated using preliminary experimental data from a convergent-divergent nozzle. An application of the results to the numerical prediction of the cavitation zones in a radial-flow water pump is shown.

关键词： cavitation homogeneous nucleation water dissolved gas impurities.

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