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Strategic recommendations for financing green and sustainable energy projects

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Clean Energy 2023年第5期7卷 1069-1077页

作者： Arindam Dutta Akash Samanta Department of Energy management Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business ManagementIndia

The main hindrances to the large-scale development of renewable-energy projects are the lack of bankability and the inability to align investments and investors with suitable financial instruments or robust policy *** illustrate a bankable project,this paper presents a research-based case study on the installation of solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftops of 195 trains of the Indian *** information on the annual running hours,exposure to sunlight,efficiency of solar photovoltaic generation and electrical power demands of each rail coach is considered to conduct a quantitative measure of the tentative amount of fossil fuel *** purpose is to provide insight into the types of renewable-energy projects that can be highly attractive to financial institutions and promoters due to their lucrative internal return on *** seen in this case study,there are annual savings in diesel of 12323088 litres and a CO_(2) reduction of 32755 tonnes,with return on investment of 1.3 ***,this study conducts a com-prehensive analysis of the limitations of existing renewable-energy project financing mechanisms in ***,three policy measures are recommended to develop a robust financial mechanism that can effectively meet the needs of investors and *** measures include increasing equity injection through a buy-and-hold strategy,providing direct tax benefits to promoters and financing through real-estate investment *** findings are highly relevant to address the challenges associated with bridging the financial gap between access to finance and capital investment in the renewable-energy sector,especially for Asian countries.

关键词： rooftop solar railways fuel saving return on investment bankable project equity funding debt funding renewable energy

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of the Ternary Ag-Sb-Zn System

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第1期27卷 47-54页

作者： M.Premovi D.Mini D.Manasijevi Vladan osovi D.Zivkovi I.Dervisevi N.Talijan Faculty of technical Science University in PristinaKosovska MitrovicaSerbia technical Faculty University of Belgrade institute of Chemistry Technology and MetallurgyUniversity of Belgrade

This paper presents comparative review of experimental and thermodynamic assessment of ternary Ag-Sb-Zn system. Isothermal section of the Ag-Sb-Zn system at 300 ~C has been calculated by CALPHAD method using ther- modynamic parameters from literature. Microstructural analysis of a number of alloys was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, whereas chemical composition of observed phases was analyzed using energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Hardness of selected alloys from four vertical sections was determined using Brinell hardness test and additionally by micro Vickers hardness test. Electrical conductivity of a number of alloys in the ternary Ag-Sb-Zn system was experimentally determined. Good overall agreement between experimental and calculated values was obtained.

关键词： Ag-Sb-Zn system Isothermal section Microstructure Brinell hardness Micro Vickers hardness: Electrical conductivitv

Analysis of the interdigitated back contact solar cells:The n-type substrate lifetime and wafer thickness

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 638-643页

作者：张巍陈晨贾锐孙昀邢钊金智刘新宇刘晓文 institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Vocation & technical College of Construction

The n-type silicon integrated-back contact（IBC） solar cell has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency,whereas its performance is very sensitive to the wafer of low quality or the contamination during high temperature fabrication processing, which leads to low bulk lifetime τbulk. In order to clarify the influence of bulk lifetime on cell characteristics, two-dimensional（2D） TCAD simulation, combined with our experimental data, is used to simulate the cell performances, with the wafer thickness scaled down under various τbulk conditions. The modeling results show that for the IBC solar cell with high τbulk,（such as 1 ms-2 ms）, its open-circuit voltage V oc almost remains unchanged, and the short-circuit current density J sc monotonically decreases as the wafer thickness scales down. In comparison, for the solar cell with low τbulk（for instance, 〈 500 μs） wafer or the wafer contaminated during device processing, the V oc increases monotonically but the J sc first increases to a maximum value and then drops off as the wafer＇s thickness decreases. A model combing the light absorption and the minority carrier diffusion is used to explain this phenomenon. The research results show that for the wafer with thinner thickness and high bulk lifetime, the good light trapping technology must be developed to offset the decrease in J sc.

关键词： lifetime wafer thickness interdigitated back contact solar cells technology computer-aided de- sign

Effect of Anode Magnetic Shield on Magnetic Field and Ion Beam in Cylindrical Hall Thruster

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第1期12卷 109-112页

作者：赵杰唐德礼耿少飞王世庆柳建许丽 The Engineering and technical College of Chengdu University of Technology Southwestern institute of Physics

Numerical simulation of the effect of the anode magnetic shielding on the magnetic field and ion beam in a cylindrical Hall thruster is presented. The results show that after the anode is shielded by the magnetic shield, the magnetic field lines near the anode surface are obviously convex curved, the ratio of the magnetic mirror is enhanced, the width of the positive magnetic field gradient becomes larger than that without the anode magnetic shielding, the radial magnetic field component is enhanced, and the discharge plasma turbulence is reduced as a result of keeping the original saddle field profile and the important role the other two saddle field profiles play in restricting electrons. The results of the particle in cell （PIC） numerical simulation show that both the ion number and the energy of the ion beam increase after the anode is shielded by the magnetic shield. In other words, the specific impulse of the cylindrical Hall thruster is enhanced.

关键词： cylindrical Hall thruster anode magnetic shield magnetic field line magnetic mirror ratio saddle magnetic field profile ion beam

The spatiotemporal changes of marshland and the driving forces in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China from 1980 to 2016

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 263-275页

作者： Zhen Li Miao Liu Yuanman Hu Zhenshan Xue Jinling Sui CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China Key Laboratory of urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Background:Wetland loss is a global concern due to its enormous ecosystem ***,a typical natural wetland,which is concentrated in the Sanjiang Plain,has undergone dramatic loss in the last several *** spatiotemporal changes in marshland were studied based on Landsat images of the Sanjiang Plain from 1980 to 2016 with the land use maps in 1980,1995,2000,2005,2010,and 2016 using land use dynamic degree and landscape *** driving forces of marshland loss,including biophysical factors,socio-economic factors,and land management,were analyzed with boosted regression trees(BRTs)***:The area of marshland loss was 7372 km^(2),which accounted for 65.7%of the area of marshland in 1980;however,the paddy field area was expanded by 22,313 km^(2).The lost marshland was mainly converted to dry farmland(47.5%)and paddy field(47.2%)during *** the landscape pattern of the study area and marshland became increasingly *** relatively important factors responsible for marshland loss were biophysical factors,socio-economic factors,and land management,which accounted for 65.2%,25.5%,and 8.4%,*** most important driving forces with high“relative influence”were“distance to river,”which accounted for 20.6%of the total variance ***“relative influence”of potential crop yield and ditch density reached 20.2%and 8.4%,***:Significant land use changes have occurred in the Sanjiang Plain over the past 37 years,with characteristics of rapid paddy field expansion and drastic marshland ***,marshland fragmentation continued to *** was the main reason for the large-scale marshland *** factors influenced the decisions regarding the locations of marshland ***,climate factors(i.e.,average annual precipitation and average annual temperature)also played an important role in marshland *** results can provide helpful knowledge for understanding the patt

关键词： Land use change Marshland loss Driving forces The Sanjiang Plain

Synchronized strategy to minimize vehicle dispatching time:a real example of steel industry

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Advances in Manufacturing 2014年第4期2卷 333-343页

作者： K.R.Zuting P.Mohapatra Y.Daultani M.K.Tiwari Department of Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Operations management Group Indian Institute of Management

Time compression in supply chains is a crucial aspect involved in the integration of warehousing and transport operations in the manufacturing industries. Sup- ply chain flows could be interrupted due to many sources of delays that lead to additional time in dispatching process and reduction in customer service level. The problem considered in this paper consists of long waiting times of loading vehicles inside the plant. This work presents a simulation-based study to minimize vehicle dispatching time in a steel wire plant. Value stream map is developed to present a system perspective of processes involved in the overall supply chain. Process activity mapping is com- pleted to provide a step by step analysis of activities involved in the vehicle dispatch process. A simulation model is developed for the system and a new model is proposed to improve the delivery performance by mini- mizing vehicles＇ waiting time.

关键词： Vehicle dispatch process Discrete eventsimulation Lean thinking Value stream mapping Process activity mapping

Evaluation of granulability and absorbtivity of biomass in agglomeration mixture

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第10期24卷 2260-2265页

作者： Hudák Jozef Lesko Jaroslav Semanová Zuzana Frohlichová Mária Findorák Róbert Legemza Jaroslav institute of Metallurgy Faculty of MetallurgyTechnical University of KosiceKosice04200Slovakia

The granulability and absorbtivity of sawdust and coke breeze were *** properties are important within the preparation of agglomeration *** have a significant impact on plynodynamic batch *** of materials to wet is a fundamental condition of granulability of *** and water absorption of wood with liquids is generally significantly affected by their chemical *** important factors affecting the wetting process are undoubtedly the wood moisture content,the value of the surface tension of liquid media and their chemical *** increasing moisture content of wood,the time to equilibrium *** of water absorption and granulability of sawdust was conducted to seek their possible use as a partial replacement of coke dust in the production of the *** have been realized with alder,oak and pine sawdust and reference material-coke *** materials were divided to four classes of granularity:supplied material,1-2 mm,0.5-1 mm and less than 0.5 *** different liquid media were used:water 16°C,water 60°C,soapy water,lime milk and surfactant.

关键词： agglomeration biomass coke breeze granulability absorbtivity

Vulnerability assessment: A comparison of three different city sizes in the coastal area of Central Java, Indonesia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2017年第4期8卷 286-296页

作者： Wiwandari HANDAYANI Iwan RUDIARTO Jawoto Sih SETYONO Uchendu Eugene CHIGBU Annisa Mu'awanah SUKMAWATI Department of urban and Regional Planning University of Diponegoro Semarang 50275 Indonesia institute of Geodesy Geoinformatics and Land Management Technical University of Munich Munich 80333 Germany Department of urban and Regional Planning University of Technology Yogyakarta Yogyakarta 55164 Indonesia

Considering the importance of connecting urbanization phenomena and vulnerability assessments, this paper aims to explore vulnerability assessment in three different city sizes in the northern coast of Central Java province of Indonesia. It compares the vulnerability levels of the three cities based on their sizes (that is, levels of urbanization). It uses the most current secondary data from the lowest administrative levels,called as kelurahan (urban village), for its assessment. There are two indexes used to indicate their vulnerability levels, namely exposure and sensitivity index (ESI) and adaptive capacity index (ACI). By combining the ESI and ACI, the study found that the kelurahans in Tegal (the medium sized city) have similar vulnerability levels. The kelurahans in Semarang (as the big city) have more combination of vulnerability levelsdindicating that the city has various sensitivity, exposure, as well as adaptive capacity among its kelurahans. In Lasem (the small sized city), due to limitations imposed by adaptationdmostly because of lack of public services and high dependency on primary economic sectorsdall of its kelurahans were found to be vulnerable. The study therefore concluded that the bigger a city is, the more the different areas of that city will have varying levels of vulnerability, leading to a high propensity of vulnerability among its inhabitants. On the other hand, the smaller a city is, the less capacity it will have in reducing its emerging vulnerability challenges.

关键词： Central Java Climate change Indonesia Vulnerability assessment

Fabrication and characterization of an AlGaN/PZT detector

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Journal of Semiconductors 2010年第12期31卷 87-89页

作者：张燕孙璟兰王妮丽韩莉刘向阳李向阳孟祥建 State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences National Laboratory for Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Design, fabrication and characterization of a novel two-color detector for ultraviolet and infrared applications are reported. The detector has a simple multilayer structure composed of n-Al0.3Ga0.7N/i-GaN/p- GaN/SiO2/LaNiO3/PZT/Pt fabricated on a sapphire substrate. Ultraviolet and infrared properties are measured. For the ultraviolet region, a flat band spectral response is achieved in the 302-363 nm band. The detector displays an unbiased responsivity of 0.064 A/W at 355 nm. The current-voltage curve shows that current at zero bias is -1.57 × 10^-12 A. This led to a detectivity of 1.81 × 10^11 cm- Hzl/2/W. In the infrared region, the detectivity of the detector is 1.58 × 10^5 cm. Hz1/2/W at 4μm.

关键词： A1GaN/PZT dual-band detector UV/IR responsivity detectivity