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Response of soil Organic Carbon and Its Aggregate Fractions to LongTerm Fertilization in Irrigated Desert soil of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2758-2767页

作者： CHAI Yan-jun ZENG Xi-bai E Sheng-zhe HUANG Tao CHE Zong-xian SU Shi-ming BAI Ling-yu institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment Ministry of Agriculture institute of soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Irrigated desert soil samples in the Hexi Corridor of China were collected over a period of 23 years from a site where different fertilization methods had been used. Changes of soil organic carbon （SOC） and its water stable aggregate （WSA） size fractions were studied. The effects of various fertilization methods on the distribution of added organic carbon （OC） in different WSA size fractions were also analyzed. The results showed that the applied fertilizations for 23 years improved SOC concentrations and OC concentrations in all WSA size fractions compared to the non-fertilized treatment （CK）. In addition, fertilization obviously increased the OC stocks of2 mm, 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm WSA fractions, respectively. A signiifcant positive correlation was found between soil C gains and OC inputs （r=0.92, P〈0.05）, indicating that SOC may have not reached the saturation point yet at the site. The C sequestration rate was estimated by 14.02%at the site. The OC stocks in all of the〈2 mm WSA fractions increased with the increase of OC input amounts;and the conversion rate of the input fresh OC to the OC stock of〈0.053 mm WSA fraction was 1.2 and 2.6 times higher than those of the 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm WSA fractions, respectively. Therefore, the〈0.053 mm WSA fraction was the most important component for soil C sequestration in the irrigated desert soil.

关键词： aggregate irrigated desert soil long-term fertilization organic carbon

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Changes in Organic Carbon Index of Grey Desert soil in Northwest China After Long-Term Fertilization

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 554-561页

作者： XU Yong-mei LIU Hua WANG Xi-he XU Ming-gang ZHANG Wen-ju JIANG Gui-ying institute of agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Oasis Nutrients and Efficient Utilization of water and soil Resources Research institute of soil & fertilizer and agricultural water Conservation Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

soil organic carbon （SOC）, soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and SMBC quotient （SMBC/SOC, qSMBC） are key indexes of soil biological fertility because of the relationship to soil nutrition supply capacity. Yet it remains unknown how these three indexes change, which limits our understanding about how soil respond to different fertilization practices. Based on a 22-yr （1990-2011） long-term fertilization experiment in northwest China, we investigated the dynamics of SMBC and qSMBC during the growing period of winter wheat, the relationships between the SMBC, qSMBC, soil organic carbon （SOC） concentrations, the carbon input and grain yield of wheat as well. Fertilization treatments were 1） nonfertilization （control）; 2） chemical nitrogen plus phosphate plus potassium （NPK）; 3） NPK plus animal manure （NPKM）; 4） double NPKM （hNPKM） and 5） NPK plus straw （NPKS）. Results showed that the SMBC and qSMBC were significantly different among returning, jointing, flowering and harvest stages of wheat under long-term fertilization. And the largest values were observed in the flowering stage. Values for SMBC and qSMBC ranged from 37.5 to 106.0 mg kg1 and 0.41 to 0.61%, respectively. The mean value rank of SMBC during the whole growing period of wheat was hNPKM〉NPK_M〉NPKS〉CK〉NPK. But there were no statistically significant differences between hNPKM and NPKM, or between CK and NPK. The order for qSMBC was NPKS〉NPKM〉CK〉hNPKM〉NPK. These results indicated that NPKS significantly increased the ratio of SMBC to SOC, i.e., qSMBC, compared with NPK fertilizer or other two NPKM fertilizations. Significant linear relationships were observed between the annual carbon input and SOC （P〈0.01） or SMBC （P〈0.05）, and between the relative grain yield of wheat and the SOC content as well （P〈0.05）. But the qSMBC was not correlated with the annual carbon input. It is thus obvious that the combination of manure, straw with mineral fertilizer may be benefit to increase SOC and improve soil quality than

关键词： carbon input Haplic Calcisol long-term fertilization Quotient of soil microbial biomass carbon soil organiccarbon index

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Impact of Seasalt Deposition on Acid soils in Maritime Regions

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Pedosphere 2003年第4期13卷 375-380页

作者： ZHANG Zhen-Huainstitute of soil and fertilizer, Jiangsu Academy of agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014 (China), institute of soil and fertilizer Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014

The characteristics of seasalt deposition and its impact on acid soils in maritime regions are reviewed. It is pointed out that studies involving the impact of seasalt deposition on acid soils have been concentrated on short-term effects on soil and water acidification. A deep consideration of long-term effects on soil acidification in maritime regions is still needed.

关键词： acidification maritime regions seasalt deposition

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Effects of biochar on water movement characteristics in sandy soil under drip irrigation

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第5期11卷 740-753页

作者： PU Shenghai LI Guangyong TANG Guangmu ZHANG Yunshu XU Wanli LIPan FENG Guangping DING Feng College of water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100083China institute of soil fertilizer and agricultural water saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830091China Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture of ChinaUrumqi 830091China

Biochar addition can improve the physical and hydraulic characteristics of sandy *** study investigated the effects of biochar on water holding capacity and water movement in sandy soil under drip *** indoor simulation experiments,the effects of biochar application at five levels(0%,1%,2%,4%and 6%)on the soil water retention curve,infiltration characteristics of drip irrigation and water distribution were tested and *** results showed that biochar addition rate was positively correlated with water holding capacity of sandy soil and soil available *** the same infiltration time,with an increasing amount of added biochar,the diffusion distance of the horizontal wetting front(HWF)tended to decrease,while the infiltration distance of vertical wetting front(VWF)initially declined and then *** features of wetted bodies changed from"broad-shallow"to"narrow-deep"*** relationship between the transport distances of HWF and VWF and the infiltration time was described by a power *** the same distance from the point source,the larger the amount of added biochar,the higher the soil water *** had a great influence on the water content of the layer with biochar(0–200 mm)and had some effects at 200–250 mm without biochar;but it had less influence on the soil water content deeper than 250 *** the application rate of biochar of 4%,most water was retained within 0–250 mm soil ***,when biochar application amount was high(6%),it would be helpful for water *** the improvement of sandy soil,biochar application rate of 4%in the plow layer had the best effect.

关键词： biochar sandy soil water holding capacity water movement drip irrigation

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Trichoderma viride F7 improves peanut performances while remediating cadmium-contaminated soil with microplastics

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 971-980页

作者： Xin SONG Jianpeng JIN Hongliang YIN Tingjuan WANG Haiying ZONG Fangli WANG Jun LIU Xiaoli HUANG Bin WANG Chao CHAI Zhi LI Dongsheng LIU Xuexia WANG Ningning SONG School of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Central Laboratory Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China institute of soil fertilizer and agricultural water saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesÜrümqi 830091China institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources Beijing Agricultural Forestry Academy SciencesBeijing 100097China

Microplastics(MPs)and cadmium(Cd)in soil have serious negative impacts on plant *** a bioremediator,Trichoderma viride may modulate the impacts of MPs and/or Cd on plant growth and heavy metal *** this study,*** F7 was used to treat Cd-contaminated soil with and without the presence of polylactic acid MPs to investigate its effects on peanut growth,Cd uptake efficiency,and soil *** showed that F7 increased soil pH,dissolved organic carbon,cation exchange capacity,microbial biomass nitrogen,and microbial biomass carbon,which resulted in increases of 2.10%-19.83%in peanut biomass and mitigated the negative effects of MPs and Cd on peanut *** viride F7 reduced the soil bioavailable Cd and plant Cd concentrations by 16.68%-34.20%and 5.37%-25.84%,*** path analysis showed that F7 could improve peanut performances by altering soil properties and reducing peanut Cd concentrations in MP-Cd-contaminated *** fungal community analysis indicated that the microbial community was altered via F7 inoculation,which antagonized Fusarium and promoted peanut *** study reveals the mechanisms of F7 in mitigating Cd contamination in the soil with the presence of MPs,which provides new ideas for managing MP-heavy metal-contaminated soil and improving soil health.

关键词： bioremediation compound pollution emerging pollutant heavy metal polyethylene soil health

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The status and distribution characteristics of residual mulching film in Xinjiang, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2639-2646页

作者： ZHANG Dan LIU Hong-bin HU Wan-li QIN Xiao-hui MA Xing-wang YAN Chang-rong WANG Hong-yuan Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of agricultural Environment and Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Protection Station of agricultural Resources and Environment Xinjiang Agricultural Department institute of soil fertilizer and water saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Pollution of residual plastic film in arable lands is a severe problem in China. In this study, the status of residual film and influential factors were investigated using the methods of farm survey in combination with questionnaires and quadrat sampling at a large number of field sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed that the amount of film utilization increased largely and reached to 1.8×10~5 t in 2013. Similarly, the mulching area also substantially increased in recent decades, and reached to 2.7×10~5 ha in the same year. According to the current survey, 60.7% of the sites presented a greater mulch residue than the national film residue standard（75 kg ha^（–1））, and the maximum residual amount reached 502.2 kg ha^（–1） in Turpan, Xinjiang. The film thickness, the mulching time and the crop type all influenced mulch residue. The thickness of the film had significantly negative correlation with the amount of residual film（P0.05）, while the mulching years had significantly positive correlation with it（P0.05）. The total amount of residual film in Xinjiang was 3.43×105 t in 2011, which accounted for 15.3% of the cumulative dosage of mulching. Among all the crops, the cotton fields had the largest residual amount of mulch film（158.4 kg ha^（–1））, and also the largest contribution（2.6×10~5 tons） to the total amount of residual film in Xinjiang.

关键词： Xinjiang residual mulching film influential factor agricultural resources agricultural pollution

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Transfer characteristics of nitrogen fixed by leguminous green manure crops when intercropped with maize in northwestern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 1177-1187页

作者： LIU Rui ZHOU Guo-peng CHANG Dan-na GAO Song-juan HAN Mei ZHANG Jiu-dong SUN Xiao-feng CAO Wei-dong institute of soil and fertilizer Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/The Graduate SchoolQinghai UniversityXining 810016P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China institute of soil and fertilizer and water-saving Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070P.R.China

To ascertain the possibility of cultivating maize using biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)by leguminous green manure crops in maize/leguminous green manure intercropping systems,BNF and nitrogen(N)transfer were studied in Xining and Wuwei,two typical northwestern Chinese *** experimental treatments included monocultured maize,monocultured green manures(hairy vetch and common vetch),and their intercropping *** proportions of N derived from the atmosphere(%N_(dfa))in intercropping systems were not significantly different from that in monocultured green manure systems at either experimental site,except for that in hairy vetch(HV)in *** amount of N derived from the atmosphere(N_(dfa))of common vetch(CV)significantly decreased from 1.16 and 1.10 g/pot in monoculture to 0.77 and 0.55 g/pot when intercropped with maize,in Xining and Wuwei,respectively,and the N_(dfa) of HV when intercropped significantly decreased from 1.02 to 0.48 g/pot in *** the intercropping systems in Xining and Wuwei,the amounts of N transferred(N_(transfer))from CV to maize were 21.54 and 26.81 mg/pot,accounting for 32.9 and 5.9%respectively of the N accumulation in maize,and the values of N_(transfer) from HV to maize were 39.61 and 46.22 mg/pot,accounting for 37.0 and 23.3%,respectively,of the N accumulation in *** analysis showed that soil nutrient and green manure biomass were mainly related to N_(dfa),and thatδ^(15) N had a primary relationship with N_(transfer).We found that 5.9-37.0%of N accumulation in maize was transferred from green manures,and that the N transfer ability to maize of HV was higher than that of *** conclusion,intercropping with leguminous green manures provided a feasible way for maize to effectively utilize biologicallyfixed N.

关键词： green manure maize intercropping biological nitrogen fixation nitrogen transfer

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Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 596-610页

作者： Guopeng Zhou Kunkun Fan Songjuan Gao Danna Chang Guilong Li Ting Liang Hai Liang Shun Li Jiudong Zhang Zongxian Che Weidong Cao State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/institute of agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China institute of soil&fertilizer and Resource&Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200China institute of soil and fertilizer and water-saving Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China

fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, an

关键词： soil biodiversity soil multifunctionality element cycling keystone phylotypes

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Effects of Corn Stover Incorporated in Dry Farmland on soil Fertility

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agricultural Sciences in China 2001年第1期 95-101页

作者： WANG Xiao-bin Cai Dian-xiong ZHANG Jing-qing GAO Xu-ke soil and fertilizer institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 Soil and Fertilizer Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 Soil and Fertilizer Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 Soil and Fertilizer Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081

Seven years' field experiments on application of corn stover and/or cattle manure combined with chemical fertilizers were carried out in Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station. Results showed that the increased available N in the plough layer was mainly influenced by the application of cattle manure; the available P was mainly influenced by the application of chemical fertilizer; the available K was mainly influenced by the incorporation of corn stover. The organic matter contents in the soils treated with corn stover or cattle manure were kept in balance under the experimental conditions. Corn yield and water use efficiency were influenced significantly not only by fertilizer N but also by incorporated corn stover. The results suggested that the highest N uptake, yield and water use efficiency could be obtained at rates of 105 kg fertilizer N, 6000 kg corn stover, and 1500 kg cattle manure per hectare. The experiments supplied information on nutrient recycling and use of corn stover as sources of fodder and organic fertilizer for balancing application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield with incorporation of corn stover in soil.

关键词： Corn Dryland soil fertility Corn stover

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Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a role in phosphorus depletion in organic manure amended high fertility soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 3051-3066页

作者： HUO Wei-ge CHAI Xiao-fen WANG Xi-he William David BATCHELOR Arjun KAFLE FENG Gu College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China institute of soil and fertilizer and agricultural water saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceUrumqi 830091P.R.China Biosystems Engineering Department Auburn UniversityAL 36849USA Department of Crop and soil Sciences North Carolina State UniversityNC 27695USA

The species richness and propagule number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are high in intensively-managed agricultural *** research has shown that AMF improve crop phosphorus(P)uptake under low soil P conditions,however it is unclear if AMF play a role in high Olsen-P *** this study,we investigated whether native fungal benefits exist under high P input field conditions in-situ and contribute to P *** installed in-grow tubes which were sealed with different membrane pore sizes(30 or 0.45μm)to allow or prevent AMF hyphae access to the hyphal compartment and prevent cotton roots from penetrating the *** used the depletion of soil available P(Olsen-P)in the hyphae accessed compartment to indicate P uptake by the native AMF *** results showed that the native AMF mediated P depletion and microbial biomass P(MBP)turnover and caused the largest Olsen-P depletion ratio and MBP turnover ratio in the high P treatments(Olsen-P:78.29 mg kg^(-1)).The cotton roots in each fertilization regime were colonized by a unique AMF community and Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera,implying the longterm fertilization regimes domesticated the AMF *** conclude that native AMF caused the P depletion and P turnover even under high soil Olsen-P conditions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi phosphorus depletion high P soil Gossypium spp. indigenous community mesh cores

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