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Contrast-enhanced guided endoscopic ultrasound procedures

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2311-2320页

作者： Marcel Ioan Gheorghiu Andrada Seicean Cristina Pojoga Claudia Hagiu Radu Seicean Zeno Sparchez Department of Gastroenterology “Prof.Dr.Octavian Fodor”Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"Iuliu Hatieganu"University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca 400162ClujRomania Department of Clinical Psychology and psychotherapy International Institute for Advanced Study of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental HealthBabeș-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca 400375ClujRomania The First Surgical Clinic "Iuliu Hatieganu"University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj Napoca 400006ClujRomania

Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound(CH-EUS)can overcome the limi-tations of endoscopic ultrasound-guided acquisition by identifying microvessels inside inhomogeneous tumours and improving the characterization of these *** the initial enthusiasm that oriented needle sampling under CH-EUS guidance could provide better diagnostic yield in pancreatic solid lesions,further studies did not confirm the supplementary values in cases of tissue acquisition guided by *** review details the knowledge based on the available data on contrast-guided *** indications for CH-EUS tissue acquisition include isoechoic EUS lesions with poor visible delineation where CH-EUS can differentiate the lesion vascularisation from the surrounding parenchyma and also the mural nodules within biliopancreatic cystic lesions,which occur in select ***,the roles of CH-EUS-guided therapy in patients whose pancreatic fluid collections or bile ducts that have an echogenic content have indications for drainage,and patients who have nonvisualized vessels that need to be highlighted via Doppler EUS are *** indication is represented if there is a need for an immediate assessment of the post-radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours,in which case CH-EUS can be used to reveal the incomplete tumour destruction.

关键词： Endosonography Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound Tissue acquisition Fine needle aspiration Fine needle biopsy Drainage Pancreatic fluid collections Biopsy Pancreas

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Psychiatric comorbidities in children with conduct disorder:a descriptive analysis of real-world data

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General Psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 301-305页

作者： Tashalee R Brown Anita S Kablinger Robert Trestman Eraka Bath Cynthia Rogers Binx Yezhe Lin Kevin Young Xu University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of medicine Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral medicine Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Washington University in St Louis School of medicine St LouisMissouriUSA Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders Chinese-German Institute of Mental HealthShanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health CenterSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of psychosomatic medicine Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine in Saint LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA

To the editor:Two recent advisories from the US surgeon general have underscored the unprecedented public health crisis in youth mental health and emphasised the need for“timely data collection and research to identify and respond to youth mental health needs more rapidly”.1 Increased rates of suicidal behaviour,depression and anxiety symptoms and substance use.

关键词： morbid Psychiat editor

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The psyche and the gut

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3405-3408页

作者： Paul Enck Ute Martens Sibylle Klosterhalfen University Hospitals Tübingen Department of Internal Medicine Ⅵ Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Germany

Research on gut-brain interactions has increased over the last decade and has brought about a number of new topics beyond ＂classical＂ subjects, such as ＂stress＂ and personality; which have dominated the psychosomatic literature on gastrointestinal disorders over the past century. These novel topics include brain imaging of intestinal functions, placebo responses in gastroenterology, learning of gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life in patients with intestinal complaints, and psychotherapy and familial aggregation of functional intestinal disorders. Currently, these new topics appear with a frequency of 1% to 3% in leading gastroenterological journals, either as data presentation or review papers. Increasing focus underlines the importance of enhandng our understanding on how the psyche and the brain communicate in order to better meet the needs of our patients.

关键词： Gut-brain interactions Psyche Functionalbowel disorders Irritable bowel syndrome

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Role of classical conditioning in learning gastrointestinal symptoms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3430-3437页

作者： Ursula Stockhorst Paul Enck Sibylle Klosterhalfen institute of Psychology General Psychology Ⅱ and Biological Psychology University of Osnabrueck Osnabrueck Germany Department of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy University Hospital Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany

Nausea and/or vomiting are aversive gastrointestinal （GI） symptoms. Nausea and vomiting manifest unconditionally alter a nauseogenic experience. However, there is correlative, quasiexperimental and experimental evidence that nausea and vomiting can also be learned via classical （Pavlovian） conditioning and might occur in anticipation of the nauseogenic event. Classical conditioning of nausea can develop with chemotherapy in cancer patients. Initially, nausea and vomiting occur during and alter the administration of cytotoxic drugs （post-treatment nausea and vomiting） as unconditioned responses （UR）. In addition, 20%-30% of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy report these side effects, despite antiemetic medication, when being re-exposed to the stimuli that usually signal the chemotherapy session and its drug infusion. These symptoms are called anticipatory nausea （AN） and/or anticipatory vomiting （ANV） and are explained by classical conditioning. Moreover, there is recent evidence for the assumption that post- chemotherapy nausea is at least partly influenced by learning. Alter summarizing the relevant assumptions of the conditioning model, revealing that a context can become a conditioned stimulus （CS）, the present paper summarizes data that nausea and/or vomiting is acquired by classical conditioning and, consequently, may be alleviated by conditioning techniques. Our own research has focussed on two aspects and is emphasized here. First, a conditioned nausea model was established in healthy humans using body rotation as the nausea- inducing treatment. The validity of this motion-sickness model to examine conditioning mechanisms in the acquisition and alleviation of conditioned nausea and associated endocrine and immunological responses is summarized. Results from the rotation-induced motion sickness model showed that gender is an important moderator variable to be considered in further studies. This paper concludes with a review of the application of the demon

关键词： Cancer patients Classical conditioning Anticipatory nausea and vomiting Post chemotherapynausea Motion sickness Cortisol Tumor necrosisfactor-a Gender

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Placebo responses in patients with gastrointestinal disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3425-3429页

作者： Frauke Musial Sibylle Klosterhalfen Paul Enck Department of Complementary and Integrative medicine University Duisburg-Essen Germany Deptartment of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy University Hospitals Tübingen Germany

Over the last several years there has been a growing interest in placebo, not only as an inert control in clinical trials, but also in the placebo effect as a group effect as well as a reaction in individual subjects. Methodological factors such as regression to the mean and natural history of the disease play a role in the evaluation of a possible placebo effect. In this report, we discuss several factors including PavIovian conditioning, beliefs outcome, expectations, and other factors as potential mediators of the placebo response. Placebo effects are common in gastrointestinal diseases and there seems to be no clear difference between placebo effects in functional gastrointestinal diseases （functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome） and organic gastrointestinal disease （duodenal ulcer and inflammatory bowel disease）.

关键词： Placebo Gastrointestinal disease Regressionto the mean Natural history PavIovian conditioning Outcome expectation Beliefs

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Psychological burden of food allergy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3456-3465页

作者： Martin Teufel Tilo Biedermann Nora Rapps Constanze Hausteiner Peter Henningsen Paul Enck Stephan Zipfel Department of Internal medicine VI -psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy University of Tübingen Tübingen 72076 Germany Department of Dermatology University of Tübingen Tübingen 72076 Germany Department of psychosomatic medicine University Hospital Technical University Munich 81675 Germany

One fifth of the population report adverse reactions to food. Reasons for these symptoms are heterogeneous, varying from food allergy, food intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome to somatoform or other mental disorders. Literature reveals a large discrepancy between truly diagnosed food allergy and reports of food allergy symptoms by care seekers. In most studies currently available the characterization of patient groups is incomplete, because they did not distinguish between immunologic reactions and other kinds of food reactions. In analysing these adverse reactions, a thorough physical and psychological diagnostic approach is important. In our qualitative review, we present those diagnostic measures that are evidenced-based as well as clinically useful, and discuss the various psychological dimensions of adverse reactions to food. It is important to acknowledge the complex interplay between body and mind： Adults and children suffering from food allergy show impaired quality of life and a higher level of stress and anxiety. Pavlovian conditioning of adverse reactions plays an important role in maintaining symptoms. The role of personality, mood, or anxiety in food reactions is debatable. Somatoform disorders ought to be identified early to avoid lengthy and fiustrating investigations. A future task will be to improve diagnostic algorithms, to describe psychological aspects in clearly characterised patient subgroups, and to develop strategies for an optimized management of the various types of adverse reactions to food.

关键词： Food allergy Food reactions Diagnostic measures Psychological aspects Quality of life

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Irritable bowel syndrome: Relations with functional, mental, and somatoform disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 6024-6030页

作者： Constanze Hausteiner-Wiehle Peter Henningsen psychosomatic Consultation Service Murnau Trauma Center 82418 Murnau Germany Department of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit?t München 81675 Munich Germany

This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is considered to be a functional somatic syndrome (FSS) with a considerable symptom overlap with other FSSs like chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome. IBS patients show an increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety. IBS is largely congruent with the concepts of somatoform and somatic symptom disorders. Roughly 50% of IBS patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms only and have no psychiatric comorbidity. IBS concepts, treatment approaches, as well as health care structures should acknowledge its variability and multidimensionality by: (1) awareness of additional extraintestinal and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with IBS; (2) general and collaborative care rather than specialist and separated care; and (3) implementation of “interface disorders” to abandon the dualistic classification of purely organic or purely mental disorders.

关键词： Functional somatic syndrome Somatoform disorder Somatic symptom disorder Bodily distress syndrome Interface Irritable bowel syndrome

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Functional neuroanatomy in panic disorder:Status quo of the research

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第1期7卷 12-33页

作者： Thomas Sobanski Gerd Wagner Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapyand Psychosomatic MedicineThueringen-Kliniken GmbH Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyJena University Hospital

AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic *** Panic disorder(PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al(1989; 2000) proposed a comprehensive neuroanatomical model of PD, which suggested that fear-and anxiety-related responses are mediated by a so-called "fear network" which is centered in the amygdala and includes the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray region, locus coeruleus and other brainstem sites. We performed a systematic search by the electronic database PubMed. Thereby, the main focus was laid on recent neurofunctional, neurostructural, and neurochemical studies(from the period between January 2012 and April 2016). Within this frame, special attention was given to the emerging field of imaging genetics. RESULTS We noted that many neuroimaging studies have reinforced the role of the "fear network" regions in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. However, recent functional studies suggest abnormal activation mainly in an extended fear network comprising brainstem, anterior and midcingulate cortex(ACC and MCC), insula, and lateral as well as medial parts of the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, differences in the amygdala activation were not as consistently reported as one would predict from the hypothesis of Gorman et al(2000). Indeed, amygdala hyperactivation seems to strongly depend on stimuli and experimental paradigms, sample heterogeneity and size, as well as on limitations of neuroimaging techniques. Advanced neurochemical studies have substantiated the major role of serotonergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of PD. However, alterations of GABAergic function in PD are still a matter of debate and also their specificity remains questionable. A promising new research approach is "imaging genetics". Imaging genetic studies are designed to evaluate the impact of genetic variations(polymorphisms) on cerebral function in reg

关键词： Panic disorder Anterior cingulate cortex Amygdala Insula Functional magnetic resonance imaging Diffusion tensor imaging Voxel-based morphometry Imaging genetics Serotonin Noradrenaline

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Cerebral processing of auditory stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第11期12卷 1723-1729页

作者： Viola Andresen Alexander Poellinger Chedwa Tsrouya Dominik Bach Albrecht Stroh Annette Foerschler Petra Georgiewa Marco Schmidtmann Ivo R van der Voort Peter Kobelt Claus Zimmer Bertram Wiedenmann Burghard F Klapp Hubert Monnikes Department of medicine Division of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy Charité-Universi-t(a|¨)tsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Radiology Charité-Universit(a|¨)tsmedizin Berlin BerlinGermany Department of medicine Division of Hepatology Gastroenterologyand Endocrinology Department of Neuroradiology University of Leipzig LeipzigGermany Department of medicine Division of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy Charité-Universit(a|¨)tsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Neuroradiology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit(a|¨)t MünchenMunichGermany

AIM： To determine by brain functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） whether cerebral processing of non-visceral stimuli is altered in irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） patients compared with healthy subjects. To circumvent spinal viscerosomatic convergence mechanisms, we used auditory stimulation, and to identify a possible influence of psychological factors the stimuli differed in their emotional quality. METHODS： In 8 IBS patients and 8 controls, fMRI measurements were performed using a block design of 4 auditory stimuli of different emotional quality （pleasant sounds of chimes, unpleasant peep （2000 Hz）, neutral words, and emotional words）. A gradient echo T2＊weighted sequence was used for the functional scans. Statistical maps were constructed using the general linear model. RESULTS： To emotional auditory stimuli, IBS patients relative to controls responded with stronger deactivations in a greater variety of emotional processing regions, while the response patterns, unlike in controls, did not differentiate between distressing or pleasant sounds. To neutral auditory stimuli, by contrast, only IBS patients responded with large significant activations. CONCLUSION： Altered cerebral response patterns to auditory stimuli in emotional stimulus-processing regions suggest that altered sensory processing in IBS may not be specific for visceral sensation, but might reflect generalized changes in emotional sensitivity and affectire reactivity, possibly associated with the psychological comorbidity often found in IBS patients.

关键词： Visceral hypersensitivity Irritable bowel syndrome Brain processing fMRI Auditory stimulation Emotion

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The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1129-1150页

作者： Paula Berman Luis Alejandro de Haro Ana-Rita Cavaco Sayantan Panda Younghui Dong Nikolay Kuzmich Gabriel Lichtenstein Yoav Peleg Hila Harat Adam Jozwiaki Jianghua Cai Uwe Heinig Sagit Meir Ilana Rogachev Asaph Aharoni Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel The Maurice and Vivienne Wohl institute for Drug Discovery Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Present address:Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Department of Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami Miler School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Mescaline,among the earliest identified natural hallucinogens,holds great potential in psychotherapy ***,despite the existence of a postulated biosynthetic pathway for more than half a century,the specific enzymes involved in this process are yet to be *** this study,we investigated the cactus Lophophora williamsii(Peyote),the largest known natural producer of the phenethylamine *** employed a multi-faceted approach,combining de novo whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing with comprehensive chemical profiling,enzymatic assays,molecular modeling,and pathway engineering for pathway *** identified four groups of enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway,and an N-methyltransferase enzyme that N-methylates all phenethylamine intermediates,likely modulating mescaline levels in ***,we reconstructed the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in both Nicotiana benthamiana plants and yeast cells,providing novel insights into several challenges hindering complete heterologous mescaline *** together,our study opens up avenues for exploration of sustainable production approaches and responsible utilization of mescaline,safeguarding this valuable natural resource for future generations.

关键词： mescaline Lophophora williamsi Peyote biosynthetic pathway de novo genome sequencing mo-lecular modeling

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