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Properties of Ball Lightning as a Basis for Creating Its Theory

Journal of Applied Mathematics and physics 2025年第1期13卷 209-229页

作者： Anatoly I. Nikitin V.L. Talrose institute for Energy problems of chemical physics at N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for chemical physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

Observational data of ball lightning often contradict each other, so it was sometimes proposed to build a theory of ball lightning based on only a small number of statistically reliable observations. Work on this principle did not bring results. The correct approach to creating the theory of ball lightning should be the desire to explain all of its properties, even those that are rare. In the database of ball lightning observations, the most valuable are the cases when it left traces available for quantitative analysis, or was filmed by video cameras. Ball lightning is a material body consisting of a shell and a multi-element core. Cases of water heating made it possible to determine energy density of ball lightning, which turned out to be higher than 1010 J/m3. A study of results of ball lightning explosion, as well as its effect on snow, made it possible to assume that it is capable of generating radiation with a wavelength of about 10 cm, the power of which can be greater than 120 kW. Ball lightning has an electric charge of 10−3 - 10−1 C. The presence of an electric charge explains the complex nature of its movement in atmosphere. Ball lightning is formed under the action of magnetic field pulse and ultraviolet radiation of linear lightning channel. A model of ball lightning in the form of a core of charged “dynamic capacitors” and a shell of polarized water molecules is considered. It is shown that this shell is capable of withstanding the force of Coulomb repulsion of the core charges and the pressure caused by the movement of charge carriers. The glow of ball lightning core occurs due to orbital motion of electrons at a speed close to light speed. The intensity of the glow is determined by the degree of uniformity of electrons arrangement along the orbit.

关键词： Ball Lightning Properties Model Core Shell Dynamic Capacitor

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Prominent cycling reversibility and kinetics enabled by CaTiO_(3) protective layer on Zn metal for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 245-258页

作者： Gaeun Lee Yong Nam Ahn Seongjoon So Chanwoo Park Jong-Seong Bae Taehyun Park Il Tae Kim Jaehyun Hur School of chemical Biologicaland Battery EngineeringGachon UniversitySeongnamGyeonggi 13120Republic of Korea Busan Center Korea Basic Science InstituteBusan 46742Republic of Korea

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received considerable attention owing to their various advantages such as safety,low cost,simple battery assembly conditions,and high ionic ***,they still suffer from serious problems,including uncontrollable dendrite growth,corrosion,hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water decomposition,electrode passivation,and unexpected *** creation of a uniform artificial nanocrystal layer on the Zn anode surface is a promising strategy for resolving these ***,we propose the use of a perovskite CaTiO_(3)(CTO) protective layer on Zn(CTO@Zn) as a promising approach for improving the performance of *** CTO artificial layer provides an efficient pathway for Zn ion diffusion towards the Zn metal because of the high dielectric constant (εr=180) and ferroelectric characteristics that enable the alignment of dipole moments and redistribute the Zn^(2+)ions in the CTO *** avoiding the direct contact of the Zn anode with the electrolyte solution,the uneven dendrite growth,corrosion,parasitic side reactions,and HER are mitigated,while CTO retains its mechanical and chemical robustness during ***,CTO@Zn demonstrates an improved lifespan in a symmetric cell configuration compared with bare ***@Zn shows steady overpotential (~68 m V) for 1500 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/0.5 mA h cm^(-2),excelling bare ***,when paired with the V_(2)O_(5)-C cathode,the CTO@Zn//V_(2)O_(5)-C full battery delivers 148.4 mA h g^(-1)(based on the mass of the cathode) after 300 *** study provides new insights into Zn metal anodes and the development of high-performance AZIBs.

关键词： CaTiO_(3) Artificial layer Dielectric constant Znmetal anode Zinc aqueous battery

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Tunable and wideband high-performance rare earth-doped Ni-Mg-Cu-Zn nano ferrite-based meta-absorbers for C-band application

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 124-132,I0005页

作者： Majid Niaz Akhtar Magbool Alelyani Fatimah Mohammed AAlzahrani Abdullah Almohammedi Sabih Qamar MABaqir MIrfan Muhammad Azhar Khan Kheir SAlbarkaty ZAAlrowaili MSAl-Buriahi institute of physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur63100BahawalpurPakistan Department of Radiological Sciences College of Applied Medical ScienceKing Khalid University61421bhaSaudi Arabia Department of Chemistry College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabi Department of physics Faculty of ScienceIslamic University of Madinah42352.Saudi Arabia Department of chemical Engineering Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology(MNSUET)60000MultanPakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal Campus57000Pakistan Department of physics Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24382Saudi Arabia Department of physics College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box:201474331SakakaSoudi Arabia Department of physics Sakarya University6900SakaryaTurkey

Due to advanced technology,electromagnet interference and dissipation problems in the electronic and portable devices at GHz range are increasing *** absorbing materials with outstanding electromagnetic properties,wide bandwidth,and strong absorption are highly *** present investigation deals with the preparation of Ni-Mg-Cu-Zn(NMCZ)substituted nano ferrites with composition of Ni_(0.3)Mg_(0.2)Cu_(0.3)Zn_(0.2)X_(0.02)Fe_(1.98)O_(4)(X=Nd,Ho,Pr,Gd,Yb).X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),a vibratory sample magnetometer(VSM),and a Vector network analyzer(VNA)were used to investigate these rare earth-doped nanocrystalline ferrites'*** reveals the single spinel phase structure in all Ni-Mg-Cu-Zn *** spectroscopy shows the presence of tetrahedral and octahedral bands of spinel *** images reveal the lowest agglomeration for the Ho-doped NMCZ nano-spinel ferrites *** images show the hexagon shapes of the Yb-and Nd-doped NMCZ ***-doped NMCZ ferrites show more coercivity than other rare earth metals substituted NMCZ nanocrystalline *** analysis was used to calculate the magnetic features like initial permeability,magnetic anisotropy constant,remanence,coercivity,and magnetic ***-frequency switching field distributions(SFD)analyses were also *** characteristics such as losses,permittivity,modulus,Q,ac conductivity,and impedance of the Nd^(-),Ho^(-),Pr^(-),Gd^(-),Yb-doped Ni-Mg-Cu-Zn ferrites were *** minimum reflection loss(-57.3 dB)is found at 1.4 GHz for Pr-doped Ni-Mg-Cu-Zn ferrite ***,the reflection loss(RL)of-53.9 dB at 2.9 GHz is observed for Ho-doped Ni-Mg-Cu-Zn ferrite *** magnetization,low coercivity,outstanding magnetodielectric,and absorption properties of theNd^(-),Ho^(-),Pr^(-),Gd^(-)and Yb^(-)doped Ni-Mg

关键词： Rare earths Reflection loss Cubic phase Magnetodielectric Ni-Mg-Cu-Zn(NMCZ)meta-absorber

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Investigation of spatiotemporal distribution and formation mechanisms of ozone pollution in eastern Chinese cities applying convolutional neural network

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 126-138页

作者： Qiaoli Wang Dongping Sheng Chengzhi Wu Xiaojie Ou Shengdong Yao Jingkai Zhao Feili Li Wei Li Jianmeng Chen 无 College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310032China Key Laboratory of Biomass chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education Institute of Industrial Ecology and EnvironmentCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University(Zijingang Campus)Hangzhou 310027China Trinity Consultants Inc.(China office)Hangzhou 310012China Zhejiang University of Science&Technology Hangzhou 310023China

Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of *** study explored the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ground-level O_(3) and its precursors based on conventional pollutant and meteorological monitoring data in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to ***,a high-performance convolutional neural network(CNN)model was established by expanding the moment and the concentration variations to general ***,the response mechanism of O_(3) to the variation with crucial influencing factors is explored by controlling variables and interpolating target *** results indicated that the annual average MDA8-90th concentrations in Zhejiang Province are higher in the northern and lower in the *** the wind direction(WD)ranges from east to southwest and the wind speed(WS)ranges between 2 and 3 m/sec,higher O_(3) concentration prone to *** different temperatures(T),the O_(3) concentration showed a trend of first increasing and subsequently decreasing with increasing NO_(2) concentration,peaks at the NO_(2) concentration around 0.02mg/m^(3).The sensitivity of NO_(2) to O_(3) formation is not easily affected by temperature,barometric pressure and dew point ***,there is a minimum IRNO_(2) at each temperature when the NO_(2) concentration is 0.03 mg/m^(3),and this minimum IRNO_(2) decreases with increasing *** study explores the response mechanism of O_(3) with the change of driving variables,which can provide a scientific foundation and methodological support for the targeted management of O_(3) pollution.

关键词： Ozone Spatiotemporal distribution Convolutional neural network Ozone formation rules Incremental reactivity

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Analysis of the discrete contact characteristics based on the Greenwood-Williamson model and the localization principle

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 1042-1056页

作者： Anastasiya A.YAKOVENKO Irina G.GORYACHEVA Ishlinsky institute for problems in Mechanics ras Moscow119526Russia

The contact of a rigid body with nominally flat rough surface and an elastic half-space is *** solve the contact problem,the Greenwood-Williamson statistical model and the localization principle are *** developed contact model allows us to investigate the surface approach and the real contact area with taking into account the asperities *** is shown that the mutual influence of asperities changes not only contact characteristics at the macroscale,but also the contact pressure distribution at the *** follows from the results,the inclusion in the contact model of the effect of the mutual influence of asperities is especially significant for studying the real contact area,as well as the contact characteristics at high applied *** results calculated according to the proposed approach are in a good agreement with the experimentally observed effects,i.e.,the real contact area saturation and the additional compliance exhaustion.

关键词： surface roughness elasticity Greenwood-Williamson model localization principle asperity interaction

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3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitramino)-1,2,4,*** and energy abilities as a component of solid composite propellants

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第7期18卷 1148-1155页

作者： Anatoly G.Korepin Natalia M.Glushakova David B.Lempert Anatoly I.Kazakov Gennady V.Shilov Denis V.Korchagin Vadim M.Volokhov Elena S.Amosova Sergey M.Aldoshin institute of problems of chemical physics Ac.Semenov Avenue 1Chernogolovka142432Russian Federation

The work addresses to the study of the molecular and crystal structure and properties of a new energyintensive compound 3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitramino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine(NBTAT),first obtained by the authors in *** compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P2(1)/n,density at room temperature 1.939 g/cm^(3).The energies of crystal packing and pairwise intermolecular interactions in NBTAT and its unnitrated analogue BTAT were calculated,and their comparative analysis was carried *** enthalpy of formation of NBTAT molecules was calculated by quantum-chemical methods using Gaussian 09,and the enthalpy of formation of NBTAT in the solid phase(618 kJ/mol)was *** energy capabilities of NBTAT as an oxidizer of solid composite propellants are *** is shown that in metal-free compositions NBTAT is significantly superior to ammonium perchlorate(AP),dinitramide ammonium salt(ADN),HMX,BTAT at all stages of rocket systems,and is comparable to the superdense CL-20 yielding to the latter at the lower stages and slightly winning at the upper stages.

关键词： Nitrogen heterocycles Quantum chemistry Enthalpy of formation 3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitramino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine Crystal structure Energetic ability

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Changes in filtration and capacitance properties of highly porous reservoir in underground gas storage:CT-based and geomechanical modeling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 2982-2995页

作者： Valerii Khimulia Vladimir Karev Yury Kovalenko Svyatoslav Barkov Ishlinsky institute for problems in Mechanics ras Moscow119526Russia

The paper presents the results of comprehensive studies of filtration and capacitance properties of highly porous reservoir rocks of the aquifer of an underground gas storage *** geomechanical part of the research included studying the dependence of rock permeability on the stress-strain state in the vicinity of the wells,and physical modeling of the implementation of the method of increasing the permeability of the wellbore zone-the method of directional unloading of the *** digital part of the research included computed tomography(CT)-based computer analysis of the internal structure,pore space characteristics,and filtration properties before and after the *** to the results of physical modeling of deformation and filtration processes,it is found that the permeability of rocks before fracture depends on the stress-strain state insignificantly,and this influence is ***,when downhole pressure reaches 7-8 MPa,macrocracks in the rock begin to grow,accompanied by irreversible permeability ***,geodesic tortuosity and permeability values were obtained based on digital studies and numerical modeling.A weak degree of transversal anisotropy of the filtration properties of rocks was *** on the analysis of pore size distribution,pressure field and flow velocities,high homogeneity and connectivity of the rock pore space is *** absence of pronounced changes in pore space characteristics and pore permeability after non-uniform triaxial loading rocks was *** the basis of geometrical analysis of pore space,the reasons for weak permeability anisotropy were *** filtration-capacitance properties obtained from the digital analysis showed very good agreement with the results of field and laboratory *** physical modeling has confirmed the efficiency of application of the directional unloading method for the reservoir under *** necessary parameters of its application were calcu

关键词： Permeability anisotropy Reservoir porosity Rocks computed tomography(CT) Digital core analysis Filtration flow numerical modeling

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CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF THE PARAMETER ESTIMATION problems IN IMMUNOLOGY

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2012年第1期30卷 59-79页

作者： Tatyana Luzyanina Gennady Bocharov institute of Mathematical problems in Biology RAS Pushchino Moscow reg. Russia institute of Numerical Mathematics RAS Moscow Russia

A robust and reliable parameter estimation is a critical issue for modeling in immunology. We developed a computational methodology for analysis of the best-fit parameter estimates and the information-theoretic assessment of the mathematical models formulated with ODEs. The core element of the methodology is a robust evaluation of the first and second derivatives of the model solution with respect to the model parameter values. The critical issue of the reliable estimation of the derivatives was addressed in the context of inverse problems arising in mathematical immunology. To evaluate the first and second derivatives of the ODE solution with respect to parameters, we implemented the variational equations-, automatic differentiation and complex-step derivative approximation methods. A comprehensive analysis of these approaches to the derivative approximations is presented to understand their advantages and limitations.

关键词： Mathematical modeling in immunology Parameter estimation Constrainedoptimization.

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Nonlinear wave mechanisms of very fast chemical and phase transformations in solids. applications to cosmic chemistry processes near to 0 k, to explosive-like decays of metastable solid phases and to catastrophic geotectonic phenomena

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Natural Science 2010年第12期2卷 1356-1359页

作者： Viktor Barelko Dmitryi Kiryukhin Igor Barkalov Galina Kichigina Alain Pumir institute of problems of chemical physics ras

In the Universe, chemical reactions occur at very low temperature, very close to 0K. According to the standard Arrhenius mechanism, these reactions should occur with vanishingly small efficiency. However, cold planets of the solar system, such as Pluto, are covered by a crust composed of ammonia and methane, produced on earth only at very high temperature and pressure, in the presence of catalysts. This observation is incompatible with the predictions of Arrhenius kinetics. Here, we propose a general mechanism to explain the abundance of chemical reactions at very low temperature in the Universe. We postulate that the feedback between mechanical stress and chemical reaction provides, through fracture propagation, the energy necessary to overcome the activation barrier in the absence of thermal fluctuations. The notion described in this work can also be applied to other fields such as explosive-like solid phase transformations and catastrophical geotectonics phenomena (earthquakes).

关键词： Nonlinear Waves Coupling between Chemistry and Mechanics Combustion at Very Low Temperature Geochemistry Cosmochemistry Geotectonics

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Fast Superfine Components and Sound Packets in Phenomena Induced by the Impact of a Drop on a Target Fluid in Quiescent Conditions

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2020年第4期16卷 773-800页

作者： Yuli D.Chashechkin Ishlinsky institute for problems in Mechanics ras Moscow119526Russia

The structure of the flow and the acoustic signals generated by the impact of a freely falling drop of water with an underlying quiescent fluid have been investigated for droplets having diameter 0.5 cm and a contact ... 详细信息

关键词： Liquid drop impact fine flow waves sound energy

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