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High-dose dexamethasone regulates microglial polarization via the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2611-2623页

作者： Mengshi Yang Miao Bai Yuan Zhuang Shenghua Lu Qianqian Ge Hao Li Yu Deng Hongbin Wu Xiaojian Xu Fei Niu Xinlong Dong Bin Zhang Baiyun Liu Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurotrauma and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Critical care Medicine Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Center for Nerve Injury and Repair Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina

Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently *** potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet *** the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of *** vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial ***,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were ***-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of *** Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our ***-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain *** dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in *** receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain ***,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is th

关键词： apoptosis BV2 microglia dexamethasone glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoids innate immune system microglial polarization neuroinflammation primary microglia traumatic brain injury

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert J.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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Knowledge, attitudes and practice survey on Zika virus infection among pregnant women in Brunei Darussalam

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第11期11卷 638-644页

作者： Li Ling Chaw Nik A.A.Tuah Justin Yun Yaw Wong Lin Naing PAPRSB institute of Health Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Department of primary care and Public Health School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Disease Control Division Ministry of Health

To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices(KAP) on Zika virus infection among pregnant women in Brunei Darussalam by a cross-sectional survey. Methods: Between February and June 2017, we recruited 234 pregnant women from all government healthcare centres at Brunei-Muara district, using a modified systematic sampling approach. A pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire was used and data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The study participants were mainly Malay(87.2%) and their mean age was 28.0 years. The median knowledge score was 13, out of a possible score of 28. Most participants(92.7%) knew that Zika virus was transmitted by mosquito bites whereas some(34.6%) knew that sexual transmission was also possible. Media(radio, television or newspapers) was the preferred source of updated information on Zika virus, followed by healthcare workers(44.0%), government announcements(43.2%), and social media(38.0%). Pregnant women who were 25 years old or older [Adj. OR=3.62(95% CI: 1.57, 9.51)], not Malays [Adj. OR=3.32(95% CI: 1.35, 8.55)], and had an average monthly household income of more than BND $3 000 [Adj. OR=4.06(95% CI: 1.81, 19.44)] were more likely to score higher for knowledge on Zika virus. The median prevention practice score was 23, out of a possible score of 36. Most participants reported wearing covering clothes(98.3%) and kept their living surroundings clean(99.6%). Most participants(88.0%) agreed that Zika is an important issue in their community. Conclusion: We found a lack of knowledge on Zika virus infection among pregnant women attending government maternal and child healthcare centres in Brunei Darussalam, in particular that Zika virus can be sexually transmitted. Such information could be well disseminated at the healthcare centre level. Health literacy studies should be conducted to understand the facilitators and barriers of KAP on Zika virus infection among pregnan

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes Practices Zika virus Pregnant women Brunei

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Meeting the Health-care Needs of the Rural Elderly:The Unique Role of Village Doctors

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China & World Economy 2013年第3期21卷 44-60页

作者： Kimberly Singer Babiarz Hongmei Yi Renfu Luo Center for primary care and Outcomes Research Stanford University Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Despite their recent deterioration, village clinics have historically been an important source of health care for the poor and elderly in rural China. In this paper, we examine the current role of village clinics, the patients who use them and some of the services they provide. We focus specifically on the role of village clinics in meeting the health-care needs of the rural poor and elderly. We find that although clinics are continuing to decline financially, they remain a source of care for the rural elderly and poor. We estimate that the elderly are 10-15 percent more likely than young individuals to seek care at a clinic. We show that clinics provide many unique services to support the rural elderly （and the elderly poor）, such as in-home patient care, the option for patients to pay on credit, and free and discounted services.

关键词： elderly health care village doctor

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Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) density effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第9期14卷 1778-1785页

作者： MA Xiao-yan WU Han-wen JIANG Wei-li MA Ya-jie MA Yan State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wagga Wagga Agricultural institute NSW Department of Primary Industries

Goosegrass is one of the worst agricultural weeds on a worldwide basis. Understanding of its interference impact in crop ifeld wil provide useful information for weed control programs. Field experiments were conducted during 2010–2012 to determine the inlfuence of goosegrass density on cotton growth at the weed densities of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 plants m–1 of row. Seed cotton yield tended to decrease with the increase in weed density, and goosegrass at a density of 4 plants m–1 of row signiifcantly reduced cotton yields by 20 to 27%. A density of 11.6–19.2 goosegrass plant m–1 of row would result in a 50%cotton yield loss from the maximum yield according to the hyperbolic decay regression model. Bol production was not affected in the early growing season. But bol numbers per plant were reduced about 25%at the den-sity of 4 plants m–1 of row in the late growing season. Both cotton bol weight and seed numbers per bol were signiifcantly reduced (8%) at 4 goosegrass plants m–1 of row. Cotton plant height, stem diameter and sympodial branch number were not affected as much as cotton yields by goosegrass competition. Seed index, lint percentage and lint ifber properties were unaffected by weed competition. Intraspeciifc competition resulted in density-dependent effects on weed biomass per plant, 142–387 g dry weight by harvest. Goosegrass biomass m–2 tended to increase with increasing weed density as indicated by a quadratic response. The adverse impact of goosegrass on cotton yield identiifed in this study has indicated the need of effective goosegrass management.

关键词： competition goosegrass cotton yield fiber properties weed biomass

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Weed and insect control affected by mixing insecticides with glyphosate in cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第2期15卷 373-380页

Field studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate weed and insect control efficacy with glyphosate at 1 230 g ai（active ingredient） ha^（-1） and the insecticides acephate（728 g ai ha^（-1））,carbosulfan（135 g ai ha^（-1））,endosulfan（683 g ai ha^（-1））,imidacloprid（32 g ai ha^（-1））,or lambda-cyhalothrin（23 g ai ha^（-1））,as well as glyphosate tank-mixed with these *** of the most common weeds in cotton,common purslane,false daisy,goosegrass,and lambsquarters,were manually sown in the cotton field and treated with glyphosate alone or in combination with *** efficacy,based on visual estimates of control and weed fresh weight at 21 d after treatment（DAT）,was unaffected by the addition of *** weeds were controlled by 93-97%and 86-100%（visual rating） and reduced weed fresh biomass by98-99%and 96-100%with glyphosate alone and its combination with insecticides,*** of glyphosate to acephate improved cotton aphid control compared with acephate ***,addition of glyphosate to carbosulfan,endosulfan,imidacloprid,or lambda-cyhalothrin did not affect the aphid control when compared with the insecticide alone *** results indicate that cotton producers could potentially integrate weed and insect management strategies by choosing suitable insecticide mixing partners with glyphosate,thereby reducing the application costs without sacrificing the efficacy of the glyphosate or the insecticides.

关键词： aphid control efficacy glyphosate-resistant cotton herbicide-insecticide combinations weed

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Using ORYZA2000 to model cold rice yield response to climate change in the Heilongjiang province, China

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 317-327页

作者： Jingting Zhang Liping Feng Haiping Zou De Li Liu College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University NSW Department of primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between NSW Department of primary Industries and Charles Sturt University)

Rice(Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops in China. Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and associated climate change may greatly affect rice production. We assessed the potential impacts of climate change on cold rice production in the Heilongjiang province, one of China's most important rice production regions. Data for a baseline period(1961–1990) and the period 2010–2050 in A2 and B2 scenarios were used as input to drive the rice model ORYZA2000 with and without accounting for the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The results indicate that mean,maximum, and minimum temperature during the rice growing season, in the future period considered, would increase by 1.8 °C under the A2 scenario and by 2.2 °C under the B2 scenario compared with those in the baseline. The rate of change in average maximum and minimum temperatures would increase by 0.6 °C per 10-year period under the A2 scenario and by 0.4 °C per 10-year period under the B2 scenario. Precipitation would increase slightly in the rice growing season over the next 40 years. The rice growing season would be shortened and the yield would increase in most areas in the Heilongjiang province. Without accounting for CO2 effect, the rice growing season in the period 2010–2050 would be shortened by 4.7 and 5.8 days,and rice yields would increase by 11.9% and 7.9%, under the A2 and B2 scenarios, *** with simulated rice yield increases greater than 30.0% were in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region. The simulation indicated a decrease in yield of less than 15% in the southwestern Songnen Plain. The rate of change in simulated rice yield was 5.0% and 2.5% per 10 years under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. When CO2 effect was accounted for, rice yield increased by 44.5% and 31.3% under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The areas of increasing yield were sharply expanded. The area of decreasing yield in the western region of Songnen Plains dis

关键词： Climate change Cold rice yield ORYZA2000 model Heilongjiang province China

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Pair formation models for sexually transmitted infections:A primer

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第3期2卷 368-378页

作者： Mirjam Kretzschmar Janneke CMHeijne Julius Center for Health Sciences and primary care University Medical Center UtrechtThe Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment(RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands

Formodelling sexually transmitted infections,duration of partnerships can strongly influence the transmission dynamics of the *** partnerships are monogamous,pairs of susceptible individuals are protected from becoming infected,while pairs of infected individuals delay onward transmission of the infection as long as they *** addition,for curable infections re-infection froman infected partnermay ***,interventions based on contact tracing rely on the possibility of identifying and treating partners of infected *** reflect these features in a mathematical model,pair formation models were introduced tomathematical epidemiology in the 1980'*** have since been developed into a widely used tool in modelling sexually transmitted infections and the impact of *** we give a basic introduction to the concepts of pair formation models for a susceptibleinfected-susceptible(SIS)*** review some results and applications of pair formation models mainly in the context of chlamydia infection.

关键词： Pair formation Mathematical model Partnership duration Sexually transmitted infections Basic reproduction number

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Modelling the dynamics of population viral load measures under HIV treatment as prevention

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 160-170页

作者： Ganna Rozhnova Marilena Anastasaki Mirjam Kretzschmar Julius Center for Health Sciences and primary care University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute of Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoventhe Netherlands

In 2011 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)published guidelines for the use of population viral load(PVL),community viral load(CVL)and monitored viral load(MVL),defined as the average viral load(VL)of all HIV infected individuals in a population,of all diagnosed individuals,and of all individuals on antiretroviral treatment(ART),*** then,CVL has been used to assess the effectiveness of ART on HIV transmission and as a proxy for HIV *** first objective of this study was to investigate how aggregate VL measures change with the HIV epidemic phase and the drivers behind these changes using a mathematical transmission ***,we aimed to give some insight into how well CVL correlates with HIV incidence during the course of the epidemic and roll out of *** developed a compartmental model for disease progression and HIV transmission with disease stages that differ in viral loads for epidemiological scenarios relevant to a concentrated epidemic in a population of men who have sex with men(MSM)in Western Europe(WE)and to a generalized epidemic in a heterosexual population in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).The model predicts that PVL and CVL change with the epidemic phase,while MVL stays *** dynamics are linked to the dynamics of infected subgroups(undiagnosed,diagnosed untreated and treated)in different disease stages(primary,chronic and AIDS).In particular,CVL decreases through all epidemic stages:before ART,since chronic population builds up faster than AIDS population and after ART,due to the build-up of treated population with low *** trends in CVL and incidence can be both opposing and coinciding depending on the epidemic *** ART is scaled up to sufficiently high levels,incidence increases while CVL *** this point,CVL is a useful indicator of changes in HIV *** model predicts that during the ART scale-up HIV transmission is driven by undiagnosed and diagnosed untreated individuals,a

关键词： Population viral load measures Mathematical model HIV incidence Community viral load Monitored viral load Population viral load

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Salt Accumulation and Physiology of Naturally Occurring Grasses in Saline Soils in Australia

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 501-511页

作者： Mohammad S.I.BHUIYAN Anantanarayanan RAMAN Dennis S.HODGKINS David MITCHELL Helen I.NICOL Soil Research Group Charles Sturt University Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Orange Agricultural institute NSW Department of Primary Industries

Salinity is a major soil contamination problem in Australia. To explore salinity remediation, we evaluated the concentrations of sodium （Na）, potassium （K）, magnesium （Mg）, and calcium （Ca） in roots and shoots and in the supporting soil of the naturally occurring grasses, Cynodon dactylon and Thinopyrurn ponticum, at two salt-affected sites, Gumble and Cundumbul in central-western New South Wales, Australia. The physiological parameters of the two grass species, including net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, were investigated using one mature leaf from C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations. Increasing salinity levels in the topsoil had a significant influence on Ci and gs, whereas no significant effect occurred on Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The Pn values in C. dactylon and T. ponticum were greater at Cundumbul than at Gumble. The greater Mg concentration facilitated greater Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations at Cundumbul than Gumble. With increasing salinity levels in the soil, Na accumulation increased in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The ratio between K and Na was ~ 1 in roots and shoots of both populations irrespective of the sites. Bioaccumulation factor （BF） and translocation factor （TF） results revealed that K and Na translocations were significantly higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon, whereas Ca and Mg translocations were significantly higher in C. dactylon than in T. ponticum. Accumulation of Na, K, Mg, and Ca ions was higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon; therefore, we suggest that T. ponticum as a greater salt accumulator than C. dactylon could be used for revegetation and phytoremediation of the salt-affected soils.

关键词： bioaccumulation factor intercellular CO2 concentration net photosynthetic rate phytoremediation revegetation soilcontamination stomatal conductance translocation factor

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