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A novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1759-1778页

作者： Huajian WANG Shuichang ZHANG Xiaomei WANG Jin SU Yuntao YE Yuke LIU Key Laboratory of petroleum geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The classic model of the carbon cycle suggests that the extensive burial of ^(12)C-enriched organic carbon leads to a positive carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)excursion(CIE),while massive oxidation of organic carbon results in a negative ***,global events such as the BAsal Cambrian Carbon isotope Excursion(BACE)and the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion(SPICE)are global negative and positive δ^(13)C excursions,respectively,and they also exhibit significant organic carbon burial anomalies,displaying decoupling between carbon isotope anomalies and organic carbon *** on the analyses of the Cambrian carbon cycle and paleoceanographic evolution records from well Tadong2 in the Tarim Basin,we propose a novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean that incorporates oceanic dissolved organic carbon(DOC).Our findings are as follows.(1)The Cambrian ocean maintained substantial DOC reservoirs,which were regulated by ocean currents and paleo-redox conditions and exerted significant influence on the oceanic carbon cycle.(2)The oxidation of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the early Cambrian led to the BACE and the Asian Phenomenon of the Cambrian petroleum systems,while the expansion of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the SPICE resulted in a global positive δ^(13)C excursion and the absence of significant organic carbon burial.(3)The deep-basin sedimentary environment in the eastern depression of the Tarim Basin may have fostered the development of organic-rich black shales during the Furongian Series,corresponding to organic carbon burial during the SPICE and representing potential prospects for ultra-deep oil and gas *** research should focus on the formation mechanism,reserve scale,and influencing factors of the oceanic DOC reservoirs,as well as their resource and environmental *** is expected that new breakthroughs will be made in the fields of Earth system science and oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Carbon isotope Organic carbon BACE SPICE Dissolved organic carbon Climate change Black shale

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Extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids from typical Eocene oil shales in China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 171-179页

作者： Changbo Zhai Zhirong Zhang John K.Volkman Hong Lu Yan'e Chen SINOPEC Key Laboratory of petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms Wuxi Institute of Petroleum GeologySINOPEC2060 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu213126China SINOPEC petroleum Exploration and Production Research institute 31 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Organic geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou510640GuangdongChina

This study conducted a comparative analysis of extractable hopanoid hydrocarbons and those released via stepwise pyrolysis of typical Eocene immature oil shales in China,namely the Huadian,Maoming,and Fushun *** the Huadian and Maoming shales exhibit immature indicators in extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids(notably,high abundance of C_(29)to C_(32)17β,21β-hopanes and unsaturated hopenes).In contrast,the Fushun oil shale's hopanoids from extracts and pyrolyzates suggest a higher maturity *** absence of neohopenes in the pyrolyzates of the shales underpins that the kerogenbound hopanoid skeletons resist ***,the Huadian oil shale's asymmetric distribution of C_(29)and C_(30)hopenes and neohopenes hints at the presence of an additional *** unsaturated hopenes,such as hop-20(21)-enes,identified in pyrolyzates of the three kerogens at various pyrolysis temperatures,reveal the occurrence of double bonds in kerogen-bound hopanoid skeletons without methyl *** absence of hop-20-(21)-ene in extracts suggests that it might act as an intermediate of these novel hopenes during the epimerization of hopanoid skeletons within *** extractable and pyrolytic hopanoids'stereochemical alignment indicates that epimerization may occur in both ring systems and alkyl side chains of kerogen-bound hopanoid *** stepwise pyrolysis proves to be a quick screening method for geological hopanoids without causing any significant alteration to the original skeletons even when cracking multiple covalent bonds is necessary.

关键词： Hopanoid Hopane Hopene Neohopene Stepwise pyrolysis Kerogen Eocene oil shale

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How to build a habitable planet:an interview with Charles H. Langmuir

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 76-80页

作者： Yi-Gang Xu the Guangzhou institute of geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Earth is the only known habitable planet in the solar system. Understanding how Earth developed its unique habitability has been the frontier of Earth sciences and has become one of the main themes of current deep-space explorations. What are the decisive factors that led to a habitable planet? What is the role of solid Earth processes in the origin of life and in modulating the surface environment? Are Earth’s habitability studies relevant to current challenges that human beings face? These questions have attracted the interest of both scientists and the public alike.

关键词： Earth (planet)

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Intelligent responsive self-assembled micro-nanocapsules: Used to delay gel gelation time

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2433-2443页

作者： Chuan-Hong Kang Ji-Xiang Guo Dong-Tao Fei Wyclif Kiyingi Unconventional petroleum Research institute China University of Petroleum

In the application of polymer gels to profile control and water shutoff,the gelation time will directly determine whether the gel can "go further" in the formation,but the most of the methods for delaying gel gelation time are complicated or have low *** is an urgent need for an effective method for delaying gel gelation time with intelligent *** by the slow-release effect of drug capsules,this paper uses the self-assembly effect of gas-phase hydrophobic SiO2in aqueous solution as a capsule to prepare an intelligent responsive self-assembled *** capsule slowly releases the cross-linking agent under the stimulation of external conditions such as temperature and pH value,thus delaying gel gelation *** the pH value is 2 and the concentration of gas-phase hydrophobic SiO2particles is 10%,the gelation time of the capsule gel system at 30,60,90,and 120℃ is12.5,13.2,15.2,and 21.1 times longer than that of the gel system without containing capsule,*** with other methods,the yield stress of the gel without containing capsules was 78 Pa,and the yield stress after the addition of capsules was 322 *** intelligent responsive self-assembled micronanocapsules prepared by gas-phase hydrophobic silica nanoparticles can not only delay the gel gelation time,but also increase the gel *** slow release of cross-linking agent from capsule provides an effective method for prolongating the gelation time of polymer gels.

关键词： Profile control and water shutoff Polymer gel Delayed gelation time Intelligent response Self-assembled Micro-nanocapsules

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The origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 56-75页

作者： Yuan Li State Key Laboratory of Isotope geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universit?t Bayreuth

Nitrogen is a vital element for life on Earth. Its cycling between the surface(atmosphere + crust) and the mantle has a profound influence on the atmosphere and climate. However, our understanding of the origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen is still incomplete. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of Earth's nitrogen budget and the isotope composition of different reservoirs, laboratory constraints on deep nitrogen geochemistry, and our understanding of the origin of Earth's nitrogen and the deep nitrogen cycle through plate subduction and volcanism. The Earth may have acquired its nitrogen heterogeneously during the main accretion phase, initially from reduced, enstatite-chondrite-like impactors,and subsequently from increasingly oxidized impactors and minimal CI-chondrite-like materials. Like Earth's surface, the mantle and core are also significant nitrogen reservoirs. The nitrogen abundance and isotope composition of these three reservoirs may have been fundamentally established during the main accretion phase and have been insignificantly modified afterwards by the deep nitrogen cycle, although there is a net nitrogen ingassing into Earth's mantle in modern subduction zones. However, it is estimated that the early atmosphere of Earth may have contained ～1.4 times the present-day atmospheric nitrogen(PAN),with ～0.4 PAN being sequestered into the crust via biotic nitrogen fixation. In order to gain a better understanding of the origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen, directions for future research are suggested.

关键词： nitrogen isotopes silicate Earth atmosphere magma ocean

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Volatiles in the mantle transition zone and their effects on big mantle wedge systems

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 15-18页

作者： Yu Wang Yi-Gang Xu State Key Laboratory of Isotope geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)

The mantle transition zone (MTZ), located between the upper and lower mantle, is characterized by sudden seismicvelocity discontinuities at depths of 410 and 660 km where significant change in mineralogical composition occurs. As a link between the upper and lower mantle,the MTZ is a layer of special significance in Earth’s deep structure, and a critical interface in geodynamics and material circulation.

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Assessment of tree-ring mercury radial translocation and age effect in Masson pine:Implications for historical atmospheric mercury reconstruction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 266-276页

作者： Xu Liu Xun Wang Dingyong Wang College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China State Key Laboratory of Environmental geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

The tree ring has been regarded as an emerging archive to reconstruct historical atmospheric mercury(Hg)trends,but with the large knowledge gaps in the *** this study,we comprehensively evaluated the Hg source,radial translocation and age effect of Masson pine(Pinus massoniana)tree ring at *** in Chongqing,to assess the suitability of such tree ring as the archive of atmospheric *** showed that distinct variabilities among Masson pine tree-ring Hg concentration *** Hg concentration significantly increased along with stem height(P<0.05),indicating the Hg in tree rings mainly derived from foliage uptake atmospheric *** found a distinct age effect that the tree ring of young trees had the higher Hg ***,we used the advection-diffusion model to demonstrate how Hg concentration shifted by the advection or/and diffusion in tree *** modeling results showed that the advection induced radial translocation during the young growth period of tree was a plausible mechanism to result in the tree-ring Hg record largely different from the trend of anthropogenic Hg emissions in *** finally suggest that in further Hg dendrochemistry,better discarding the tree-ring Hg profile of the young growth period to reduce impacts of the radial translocation and age effect.

关键词： Masson pine Tree-ring mercury Radial translocation Tree age effect

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Prediction and quantification of effective gas source rocks in a lacustrine basin: Western Depression in the Liaohe Subbasin, China

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2218-2239页

作者： Si-Bo Yang Mei-Jun Li Hong Xiao Fang-Zheng Wang Guo-Gang Cai Shuang-Quan Huang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum China University of petroleum-Beijing at Karamay College of Petroleum Research institute of petroleum Exploration and Development Liaohe Oilfield Company PetroChina

Due to limited data on the geochemical properties of natural gas, estimations are needed for the effective gas source rock in evaluating gas potential. However, the pronounced heterogeneity of mudstones in lacustrine successions complicates the prediction of the presence and geochemical characteristics of gas source rocks. In this paper, the Liaohe Subbasin of Northeast China is used as an example to construct a practical methodology for locating effective gas source rocks in typical lacustrine basins. Three types of gas source rocks, microbial, oil-type, and coal-type, were distinguished according to the different genetic types of their natural gas. A practical three-dimensional geological model was developed, refined, and applied to determine the spatial distribution of the mudstones in the Western Depression of the Liaohe Subbasin and to describe the geochemical characteristics(the abundance, type, and maturation levels of the organic matter). Application of the model in the subbasin indicates that the sedimentary facies have led to heterogeneity in the mudstones, particularly with respect to organic matter types. The effective gas source rock model constructed for the Western Depression shows that the upper sequence(SQ2) of the Fourth member(Mbr 4) of the Eocene Shahejie Formation(Fm) and the lower and middle sequences(SQ3 and SQ4) of the Third member(Mbr 3) form the principal gas-generating interval. The total volume of effective gas source rocks is estimated to be 586 km3. The effective microbial, oil-type, and coal-type gas source rocks are primarily found in the shallow western slope, the central sags, and the eastern slope of the Western Depression, respectively. This study provides a practical approach for more accurately identifying the occurrence and geochemical characteristics of effective natural gas source rocks, enabling a precise quantitative estimation of natural gas reserves.

关键词： Effective gas source rock 3D geological modeling Spatial distribution Geochemical characteristics Lacustrine rift basin

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A semi-analytical pressure and rate transient analysis model for inner boundary and propped fractures exhibiting dynamic behavior under long-term production conditions

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2520-2535页

作者： Lin-Song Cheng Chong Cao Quan-Yu Pan Pin Jia Ren-Yi Cao Zhi-Kai Wang Jun-Jie Shi College of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Sinopec petroleum Exploration and Production Research institute CNOOC Research institute State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining

The loss of hydrocarbon production caused by the dynamic behavior of the inner boundary and propped fractures under long-term production conditions has been widely reported in recent studies. However,the quantitative relationships for the variations of the inner boundary and propped fractures have not been determined and incorporated in the semi-analytical models for the pressure and rate transient analysis. This work focuses on describing the variations of the inner boundary and propped fractures and capturing the typical characteristics from the pressure transient curves.A generalized semi-analytical model was developed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the inner boundary and propped fractures under long-term production conditions. The pressure-dependent length shrinkage coefficients, which quantify the length changes of the inner zone and propped fractures, are modified and incorporated into this multi-zone semi-analytical model. With simultaneous numerical iterations and numerical inversions in Laplace and real-time space, the transient solutions to pressure and rate behavior are determined in just a few seconds. The dynamic behavior of the inner boundary and propped fractures on transient pressure curves is divided into five periods: fracture bilinear flow(FR1),dynamic PFs flow(FR2), inner-area linear flow(FR3), dynamic inner boundary flow(FR4), and outer-area dominated linear flow(FR5). The early hump during FR2 period and a positive upward shift during FR4period are captured on the log-log pressure transient curves, reflecting the dynamic behavior of the inner boundary and propped fractures during the long-term production *** transient pressure behavior will exhibit greater positive upward trend and the flow rate will be lower with the shrinkage of the inner boundary. The pressure derivative curve will be upward earlier as the inner boundary shrinks more rapidly. The lower permeability caused by the closure of un-propped fractures in the inner zo

关键词： Semi-analytical model Length shrinkage Dynamic behavior Boundary changes Transient behavior

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Probing the interaction between asphaltene-wax and its effects on the crystallization behavior of waxes in heavy oil via molecular dynamics simulation

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2839-2848页

作者： Yong Hu Xi Lu Hai-Bo Wang Ji-Chao Fang Yi-Ning Wu Jian Fang Sun SINOPEC petroleum Exploration and Production Research institute Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)

High content of asphaltenes and waxes leads to the high pour point and the poor flowability of heavy oil,which is adverse to its efficient development and its transportation in *** the interaction mechanism between asphaltene-wax is crucial to solve these problems,but it is still *** this paper,molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the interaction between asphaltenewax and its effects on the crystallization behavior of waxes in heavy *** show that molecules in pure wax are arranged in a paralleled *** wax molecules in heavy oil,which are close to the surface of asphaltene aggregates,are bent and arranged *** the mass fraction of asphaltenes in asphaltene-wax system(ωasp) is 0-25 wt%,the attraction among wax molecules decreases and the bend degree of wax molecules increases with the increase of ω*** ωaspincreases from 0 to 25 wt%,and the attraction between asphaltene-wax is stronger than that among *** causes that the wax precipitation point changes from 353 to 333 *** the ωaspincreases to 50 wt%,wax molecules are more dispersed owing to the steric hindrance of asphaltene aggregates,and the interaction among wax molecules transforms from attraction to *** causes that the ordered crystal structure of waxes can't be formed at normal ***,the asphaltene,with the higher molecular weight or the more hetero atoms,has more obvious inhibition to the formation of wax ***,resins also have an obvious inhibition on the wax crystal due to the formation of asphalteneresin aggregates with a larger *** results reveal the interaction mechanism between asphaltene-wax,and provide useful guidelines for the development of heavy oil.

关键词： Heavy oil Interaction mechanism Asphaltenes Waxes Molecular dynamics

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