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Automated Image Analysis of Mud and Mudrock Microstructure and Characteristics of Hemipelagic Sediments: IODP Expedition 339

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第2期30卷 407-421页

作者： Shereef A.Bankole Jim Buckman Dorrik Stow Helen Lever institute of petroleum engineering Heriot-Watt University Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences Al-Hikmah University

The microstructural analysis of muds and mudrocks requires very high-resolution measurement. Recent advances in electron microscopy have contributed significantly to the improved characterisation of mudrock microstructures and their consequent petrophysical properties. However, imaging through electron microscopy is limited to small areas of coverage such that upscaling of these properties is a great challenge. In this paper, we develop a new methodology for multiple large-area imaging using scanning electron microscopy through automated acquisition and stitching from polished thin-sections and ion-milled samples. The process is fast, efficient and minimises user-input and bias. It can provide reliable, quantifiable data on sediment grain size, grain orientation, pore size and porosity. Limitations include the time involved for individual runs and manual segmentation, the large amount of computer memory required, and instrument resolution at the nano-scale. This method is applied to selected samples of Quaternary muddy sediments from the Iberian margin at IODP Site 1385. The section comprises finegrained(very fine clayey silts), mixed-composition, biogenic-terrigenous hemipelagites, with a pronounced but non-regular colour cyclicity. There is a multi-tiered and diverse trace fossil assemblage of the deep-water Zoophycos ichnofacies. The sediment microstructures show small-scale heterogeneity in all properties, and an overall random fabric with secondary preferred grain-alignment. These results on the fabric differ, in part, from previous studies of hemipelagic muds. Further work is underway on their comparison with other deep-water sediment facies.

关键词： mudrocks microstructure microporosity grain-orientation hemipelagites trace fossils

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Novel approaches for the prediction of density of glycol solutions

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第3期17卷 298-302页

作者： A.Bahadori Y.Hajizadeh H.B.Vuthaluru M.O.Tade S.Mokhatab Department of Chemical engineering Curtin University of Technology institute of petroleum engineering Heriot-Watt University Process Technology Department Tehran Raymand Consulting Engineers

Two new approaches for the accurate prediction of densities of the commonly used glycol solutions in the gasprocessing industry are presented in the article. The first approach is based on developing a simple-to-use polynomial correlation for an appropriate prediction of density of glycol solutions as a function of temperature and weight percent of glycols in water, where the obtained results show very good agreement with the reported experimental data. The second approach, however, is based on the artificial neural networks （ANN） methodology, wherein the results demonstrate the ability of the introduced method to predict reasonably accurate densities of glycols under operating conditions. Comparisons of the two novel approaches indicated that the simple-to-use correlation appears to be superior owing to its simplicity and clear numerical background, wherein the relevant coefficients can be retuned if new and more accurate data are available in the future. The average deviation of the new proposed polynomial correlation results from reported data is 0.64 kg/m^3 whereas the average deviation of artificial neural networks （ANN） methodology from reported data is 1.1 kg/m^3.

关键词： glycols density polynomial correlation artificial neural networks gas processing

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Research of seepage in artificial fracture using pore network model

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Science China Technological Sciences 2013年第3期56卷 756-761页

作者： ZHANG JingChen BIAN XiaoBing ZHANG ShiCheng WANG Lei heriot-watt university Edinburgh EH14 4ASUnited Kingdom petroleum engineering Technology Research institute of SINOPEC

Experiments of proppant conductivity and fluid flow in proppant cost a large amount of time and money,and also require complex ***,this article puts forward an artificial fracture numerical model based on proppant arrangement analysis and the basic principles of the pore network *** by the model are made consistent with the experimental results through adjusting the model *** is shown that the established model is effective in making predictions on the permeability of *** model is also used to study the non-Newtonian fluid flow characteristics in artificial fracture.

关键词： proppant pore network model non-Newtonian fluid hydraulic fracturing

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Influences and drivers of woody debris movement in urban watercourses

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第8期57卷 1512-1521页

作者： ALLEN Deonie ARTHUR Scott HAYNES Heather WALLIS Stephen G WALLERSTEIN Nicholas institute for Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt University

It is recognised that the blockage of culverts by woody debris can result in an increased risk of infrastructure damage and *** date,debris transport analysis has focused on regional fluvial systems and large woody debris,both in flume and field *** the social and economic risk associated with urban flooding,and as urban drainage design shifts away from subsurface piped network reliance,there is an increasing need to understand debris movement in urban *** prediction of urban watercourse small woody debris(SWD)movement,both quantity and risk,has undergone only limited analysis predominantly due to lack of field *** paper describes the development of a methodology to enable the collection of accurate and meaningful SWD residency and transportation data from *** presented research examines the limitations and effective function of PIT tag technology to collect SWD transport data in the field appropriate for risk and prediction *** integrated transponder(PIT)technology provides a method to collect debris transport data within the urban *** this study,the tags are installed within small woody debris and released at known locations into a small urban natural watercourse enabling monitoring of movement and travel *** velocity and detention are collated with solute time of travel,watercourse and point flow characteristics to identify the relationships between these key *** work presented tests three hypotheses:firstly,that the potential for unobstructed or un-detained SWD movement increases with flow velocity and water ***,that SWD travel distance,and the resistance forces along this travel path,influence SWD transport ***,the relationship between SWD and channel dimensions is examined with the aim of advancing representative debris transport prediction modelling.

关键词： woody debris transport prediction urban flood risk blockage solute dye tracing

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Ceria on alumina support for catalytic pyrolysis of Pavlova sp. microalgae to high-quality bio-oils

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第3期27卷 874-882页

作者： Tevfik Aysu Javier Fermoso Aimaro Sanna institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE) Heriot-Watt University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Yuzuncu Yil University

In this work,we report for the first time the in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of Pavlova ***,which has been performed in a fixed-bed reactor in presence of Ce/Al2O3-based *** effects of pyrolysis parameters,such as temperature and catalyst were studied on the products yield distribution and biooil composition,among *** showed that all catalysts increased the bio-oil yield with respect to the non-catalytic runs and reduced the O/C ratio from 0.69（Pavlova sp.）to 0.1–0.15,which is close to that of crude *** terms of bio-oil oxygen content,Mg Ce/Al2O3presented the best performance with a reduction of more than 30%,from 14.1 to 9.8 wt%,of the oxygen concentration in comparison with thermal ***,Ni Ce/Al2O3gave rise to the highest aliphatics/aromatics *** elemental and gas analysis indicates that N was partially removed from the catalytic bio-oils in the gas phase in forms of NH3and HCN.

关键词： Bio-oil Pavlova sp. Pyrolysis Deoxygenation Catalyst Ceria

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The potential leaching and mobilization of trace elements from FGD-gypsum of a coal-fired power plant under water re-circulation conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第6期27卷 72-80页

作者： Patricia Córdoba Iria Castro Mercedes Maroto-Valer Xavier Querol Centre for Innovation on Carbon Capture and Storage Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering Heriot-Watt University institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research

Experimental and geochemical modelling studies were carried out to identify mineral and solid phases containing major, minor, and trace elements and the mechanism of the retention of these elements in Flue Gas Desulphurisation（FGD）-gypsum samples from a coal-fired power plant under filtered water recirculation to the scrubber and forced oxidation conditions. The role of the p H and related environmental factors on the mobility of Li, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Mo, and U from FGD-gypsums for a comprehensive assessment of element leaching behaviour were also carried out. Results show that the extraction rate of the studied elements generally increases with decreasing the p H value of the FGD-gypsum leachates. The increase of the mobility of elements such as U, Se, and As in the FGD-gypsum entails the modification of their aqueous speciation in the leachates; UO2SO4, H2 Se, and HAs O2 are the aqueous complexes with the highest activities under acidic *** speciation of Zn, Li, and Ni is not affected in spite of p H changes; these elements occur as free cations and associated to SO4 ^2 in the FGD-gypsum leachates. The mobility of Cu and Mo decreases by decreasing the p H of the FGD-gypsum leachates, which might be associated to the precipitation of Cu Se2 and Mo Se2, respectively. Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry of the solid phase combined with geochemical modelling of the aqueous phase has proved useful in understanding the mobility and geochemical behaviour of elements and their partitioning into FGD-gypsum samples.

关键词： Geochemical modelling studies Trace elements Leaching Landfills FGD-gypsum ToF mass spectrometry

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二氧化碳在York地层中埋存的地球化学模拟(英文)

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2011年第6期19卷 1052-1059页

作者：杨子浩金敏李明远董朝霞闫鹏 Enhanced Oil Recovering Center China University of Petroleum(Beijing) institute of petroleum engineering Heriot-Watt University

In this paper, we build up a three-dimensional model for CO2 storage in the deep reservoir. And this paper gives the mathematical formalism of combined geochemical and multi-phase flow. The results give us the information about geochemical changing caused by CO2 injection into aqueous, the dissolution or precipitation of reservoir minerals caused by aqueous components change, the change of water density, also the differences between this model and the simulation model without considering geochemical. The basic data for simulation is from York Reservoir.

关键词： CO2 storage geochemical reactions multi-phase flow numerical simulation York reservoir

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Unitary fermions and Lscher's formula on a crystal

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2016年第11期59卷 36-43页

作者： Manuel Valiente Nikolaj T.Zinner SUPA Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences Heriot-Watt University Department of Physics & Astronomy Aarhus University

We consider the low-energy particle-particle scattering properties in a periodic simple cubic crystal. In particular, we investigate the relation between the two-body scattering length and the energy shift experienced by the lowest-lying unbound state when this is placed in a periodic finite box. We introduce a continuum model for s-wave contact interactions that respects the symmetry of the Brillouin zone in its regularisation and renormalisation procedures, and corresponds to the nae continuum limit of the Hubbard model. The energy shifts are found to be identical to those obtained in the usual spherically symmetric renormalisation scheme upon resolving an important subtlety regarding the cutoff procedure. We then particularize to the Hubbard model, and find that for large finite lattices the results are identical to those obtained in the continuum limit. The results reported here are valid in the weak,intermediate and unitary limits. These may be used to significantly ease the extraction of scattering information, and therefore effective interactions in condensed matter systems in realistic periodic potentials. This can achieved via exact diagonalisation or Monte Carlo methods, without the need to solve challenging, genuine multichannel collisional problems with very restricted symmetry simplifications.

关键词： scattering theory effective field theory lattice fermions finite-size effects

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An analytical solution for spherical fluid flow modeling in porous media with non-uniform initial pressure considering the supercharging effect

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petroleum 2021年第3期7卷 303-313页

作者： Ali Nabizadeh Mohammad Sharifi Babak Aminshahidi institute of GeoEnergy engineering School of EnergyGeoscienceInfrastructure and SocietyHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Department of petroleum engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)P.O.Box:15875-4413TehranIran

The diffusivity equation is a partial differential equation(PDE)which can be used for fluid flow modeling in porous *** reservoir parameters from pressure data(i.e.,pressure transient analysis)is one of the most important steps in the process of field *** initial evaluation can be used to make decisions about future *** Formation Testing(WFT)is one of the most popular techniques for parameter estimation and has received significant attention in recent *** main problem plaguing WFT is a phenomenon known as the“supercharging effect,”which essentially refers to mud invasion,and this,in turn,alters pressure distribution across the *** this study,an analytical solution for fluid flow modeling in spherical coordinates with non-uniform initial pressure is *** new procedure takes into account the effect of mud invasion,or,in other words,the supercharging *** accuracy of this derivation was validated using previous semianalytical solutions(the Laplace method)in addition to field *** type curves and dimensionless parameters,which can be used for pressure transient analysis,are also *** procedure is applied to the WFT data that was obtained from an oil field in the south of Iran,and an excellent agreement(less than 10%error)was *** addition,there is considerable uncertainty regarding the radius of investigation for spherical *** is important as this parameter greatly affects the applicability of *** analytical derivation of this study was used to determine a reasonable value for this parameter as well.

关键词： Porous media Analytical solution Supercharging effect Welltesting Spherical Darcy's flow

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Numerical modelling of riverbed grain size stratigraphic evolution

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第3期29卷 329-343页

作者： Peng HU Zhi-xian CAO Gareth PENDER Huai-han LIU Ocean College Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower engineering Science Wuhan University institute for Infrastructure and Environment heriot-watt university institute for Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt University State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower engineering Science Wuhan university Yangtze Waterway Planning Design and Research Institute

For several decades,quantification of riverbed grain size stratigraphic evolution has been based upon the active layer formulation(ALF),which unfortunately involves considerable *** it is the sediment exchange across the bed surface that directly affects the riverbed stratigraphy,it has been assumed in the ALF that the sediment fraction at the lower interface of the active layer is a linear function of the sediment fraction in the *** it is proposed that the sediment fraction of the sediment exchange flux is used directly in estimating the sediment fraction at the lower surface of the active *** with the size-specific mass conservation for riverbed sediment,the modified approach is referred to as the surface-based formulation(SBF).When incorporated into a coupled non-capacity modelling framework for fluvial processes,the SBF leads to results that agree as well or better than those using ALF with laboratory and field *** is illustrated for typical cases featuring bed aggradation and degradation due to graded bed-load sediment *** experiments on graded sediment transport by unsteady flows are warranted for further testing the modified formulation.

关键词： Bedload Riverbed grain size stratigraphy Active layer formulation Surface-based formulation Numerical modelling

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