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Separate-layer balanced waterflooding development technology for thick and complex carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East

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petroleum Exploration and Development 2024年第3期51卷 661-673页

作者： SONG Xinmin LI Yong LI Fengfeng YI Liping SONG Benbiao ZHU Guangya SU Haiyang WEI Liang YANG Chao PetroChina Research institute of petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China

Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,in order to solve the problem of the poor development effects caused by commingled injection and production,taking the thick bioclastic limestone reservoirs of Cretaceous in Iran-Iraq as an example,this paper proposes a balanced waterflooding development technology for thick and complex carbonate *** technology includes the fine division of development units by concealed baffles and barriers,the combination of multi well type and multi well pattern,and the construction of balanced water injection and recovery *** carbonate reservoirs in Iran-Iraq are characterized by extremely vertical heterogeneity,development of multi-genesis ultra-high permeability zones,and highly concealed baffles and *** on the technologies of identification,characterization,and sealing evaluation for concealed baffles and barriers,the balanced waterflooding development technology is proposed,and three types of balanced waterflooding development modes/techniques are formed,namely,conventional stratigraphic framework,fine stratigraphic framework,and deepened stratigraphic *** simulations show that this technology is able to realize a fine and efficient waterflooding development to recover,in a balanced manner,the reserves of thick and complex carbonate reservoirs in Iran and *** proposed technology provides a reference for the development optimization of similar reservoirs.

关键词： the Middle East thick carbonate reservoir vertical heterogeneity concealed baffle and barrier sealing separated development units balanced waterflooding

Carbon-based supports for the electrocatalysis under industrially relevant conditions

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Science China chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1051-1055页

作者： Xue Yang Xianrui Gu Yang Song Guolin Hou Cheng Wang Lichen Liu Wei Lin Center for Renewable Energy SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum ProcessingBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

1 *** materials are ideal catalyst supports for functional metal components due to their appropriate physicochemical characteristics,such as high surface areas,tunable pore structures,variable morphologies and versatile surface properties based on chemical modifications,low cost and facile preparations from diverse precursors[1,2].

关键词： versatile facile supports

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Dynamic interwell connectivity analysis of multi-layer waterflooding reservoirs based on an improved graph neural network

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1062-1080页

作者： Zhao-Qin Huang Zhao-Xu Wang Hui-Fang Hu Shi-Ming Zhang Yong-Xing Liang Qi Guo Jun Yao School of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Exploration and Development Research institute Shengli OilfieldSINOPECDongying257015ShandongChina

The analysis of interwell connectivity plays an important role in the formulation of oilfield development plans and the description of residual oil distribution. In fact, sandstone reservoirs in China's onshore oilfields generally have the characteristics of thin and many layers, so multi-layer joint production is usually adopted. It remains a challenge to ensure the accuracy of splitting and dynamic connectivity in each layer of the injection-production wells with limited field data. The three-dimensional well pattern of multi-layer reservoir and the relationship between injection-production wells can be equivalent to a directional heterogeneous graph. In this paper, an improved graph neural network is proposed to construct an interacting process mimics the real interwell flow regularity. In detail, this method is used to split injection and production rates by combining permeability, porosity and effective thickness, and to invert the dynamic connectivity in each layer of the injection-production wells by attention *** on the material balance and physical information, the overall connectivity from the injection wells,through the water injection layers to the production layers and the output of final production wells is established. Meanwhile, the change of well pattern caused by perforation, plugging and switching of wells at different times is achieved by updated graph structure in spatial and temporal ways. The effectiveness of the method is verified by a combination of reservoir numerical simulation examples and field example. The method corresponds to the actual situation of the reservoir, has wide adaptability and low cost, has good practical value, and provides a reference for adjusting the injection-production relationship of the reservoir and the development of the remaining oil.

关键词： Graph neural network Dynamic interwell connectivity Production-injection splitting Attention mechanism Multi-layer reservoir

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Exploring the potential of drill cuttings for reservoir characterization:A case study from the Volga-Ural basin,Russia

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petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 193-205页

作者： Ibrahem Yousef V.P.Morozov Kazan Federal University Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies420008Russian Federation

The research objectives are to assess the possibility of using drill cutting analysis to obtain information about the mineralogical and geochemical properties of the reservoir *** cutting samples were collected from a vertical well that penetrated the Domanik sediments(Semiluksk Formation)in one of the oil fields in the Volga-Ural petroleum *** sections from drill cuttings were examined using an optical polarizing microscope(Axio Imager A2).X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses were performed using a Brucker D2 Phaser X-ray powder *** properties were studied using an STA 449 F3 Jupiter *** pyrolytic studies were performed using the Rock-Eval *** inspection showed that the studied sediments are alternations of carbonates and siliceous-carbonate *** section examinations revealed that the carbonates are mainly limestone(mudstone and wackestone)and are characterized by a dense texture and up to 30%organic *** siliceous-carbonate rocks are dominated by siliceous mudstones and are characterized by dark colours,layered structure,and an enrichment in organic *** analyses showed that the carbonate rocks are mainly composed of calcite,dolomite,quartz,feldspar,and mica,which are minor *** siliceous-carbonate rocks are dominated by quartz,followed by calcite,although they also contain feldspars,mica,dolomite,and pyrite as *** to the simultaneous thermal analysis,the average total hydrocarbon in the carbonate and siliceous-carbonate rocks is 13.6%(for the core samples)and 11.5%(for the drill cutting samples).The content of heavy hydrocarbons in the rocks is higher than the content of light hydrocarbons,indicating the immature nature of organic *** is found sporadically in siliceous-carbonate *** to the pyrolytic studies,average S1 is 4.4 mg/g and average S2 is 19.8 mg/g(for the core samples);average S1 is 2.1 mg/g and average S2 is 17.8 mg/g(for the

关键词： Drill cuttings Reservoir characterization Domanik Semiluksk Volga-Ural Russia

Callovian-Oxfordian sedimentary microfacies in the middle of Block B on the right bank of the Amu Darya Basin,Turkmenistan

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Energy Geoscience

Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 249-262页

作者： Chongyang Wu Chuanjie Cheng Liangjie Zhang Bingsong Yu Hongjun Wang petroleum Exploration and Development Research institute SinopecBeijing100083China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing100083China Research institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

The right bank of the Amu Darya Basin enjoys abundant natural gas resources,on which the Callovian-Oxfordian strata in the middle of Block B serve as the major horizons for natural gas ***,the characteristics and distribution patterns of the sedimentary microfacies in these strata are yet to be further *** on the analysis of data on drilling,logging,cores,and thin sections from 29 typical wells,as well as the regional sedimentary background,this study inferred that the middle of Block B evolved from the Callovian ramp platform into the Oxfordian rimmed ***,this study determined that the inner-ramp intertidal-subtidal shallow-water subfacies mainly developed during the Callovian and transitioned into the shallow shelf subfacies during the *** study identified eight sedimentary microfacies,namely reef knoll,reef-shoal complex,bioclastic shoal,psammitic shoal,bioherm,lime mud mound,intershoal(intermound),and static-water *** on research into the high-precision sequence-sedimentary microfacies framework,this study built a geological model for the development of sedimentary microfacies in the study *** to this geological model,the sedimentary microfacies in the study area are characterized by vertical alternation of reef-shoal complex,bioclastic(psammitic)shoal,bioherm,and intershoal ***,they show the development of reef knoll,reef-shoal complex,bioclastic(psammitic)shoal,and bioherm(or lime mud mound)laterally from west to east,with the physical properties of the reservoirs deteriorating from west to east *** microfacies of reef-shoal complex and the bioclastic(psammitic)shoal predominate in the study area,and their deposition and development are controlled by sequence boundaries and are also affected by *** Oxfordian reef-shoal complexes were largely inherited from the Callovian uplifts and show lateral seaward progradation.

关键词： Carbonate rock Sedimentary microfacies Evolutionary pattern Jurassic Amu Darya Basin Turkmenistan

Combined use of fly ash and silica to prevent the long-term strength retrogression of oil well cement set and cured at HPHT conditions

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1122-1134页

作者： Guo-Dong Cheng Xue-Yu Pang Jin-Sheng Sun Zheng-Song Qiu Chuang-Chuang Wang Jian-Kun Qin Ning Li School of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Oil and Gas Engineering Research institute(Tarim Oilfield Company) China National Petroleum CorporationTarim841000XinjiangChina

The long-term strength retrogression of silica-enriched oil well cement poses a significant threat to wellbore integrity in deep and ultra-deep wells, which is a major obstacle for deep petroleum and geothermal energy development. Previous attempts to address this problem has been unsatisfactory because they can only reduce the strength decline rate. This study presents a new solution to this problem by incorporating fly ash to the traditional silica-cement systems. The influences of fly ash and silica on the strength retrogression behavior of oil well cement systems directly set and cured under the condition of 200°C and 50 MPa are investigated. Test results indicate that the slurries containing only silica or fly ash experience severe strength retrogression from 2 to 30 d curing, while the slurries containing both fly ash and silica experience strength enhancement from 2 to 90 d. The strength test results are corroborated by further evidences from permeability tests as well as microstructure analysis of set cement. Composition of set cement evaluated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses with partial or no known crystal structure(PONKCS) method and thermogravimetry analyses revealed that the conversion of amorphous C-(A)-S-H to crystalline phases is the primary cause of long-term strength *** addition of fly ash can reduce the initial amount of C-(A)-S-H in the set cement, and its combined use with silica can prevent the crystallization of C-(A)-S-H, which is believed to be the working mechanism of this new admixture in improving long-term strength stability of oil well cement systems.

关键词： Fly ash Long-term strength retrogression High temperature Quantitative X-ray diffraction(QXRD) Partial or no known crystal structure(PONKCS)

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High-efficiency CO_(2) sequestration through direct aqueous carbonation of carbide slag: determination of carbonation reaction and optimization of operation parameters

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 157-167页

作者： Zhiqiang Wang Longpeng Cui Yanfang Liu Jili Hou Hongwei Li Liang Zou Fuxia Zhu Department of Coal and Syngas Conversion Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.Ltd.Beijing 100083China

Under the dual-carbon target, CO_(2) mineralization through solid wastes presents a mutually beneficial approach for permanent carbon emission reduction at a low material cost, while also enabling the resource utilization of these wastes. However, despite its potential, a comprehensive understanding about the effect of industrial solid waste properties and operating parameters on the carbonation process, and the mechanism of direct aqueous carbonation is still lacking. A series of experiments were conducted to compare the carbonation performance of fly ash, steel slag, and carbide slag. Subsequently, CO_(2) mineralization by carbide slag was systematically studied under various operating parameters due to its high CO_(2) sequestration capacity. Results showed the reactivity of CaO and Ca(OH)2 was higher than that of CaO·SiO_(2) and 2CaO·SiO_(2). Carbide slag demonstrated a sequestration capacity of 610.8 g CO_(2)/kg and carbonation efficiency ζCa of 62.04% under the conditions of 65 ℃, 1.5 MPa initial CO_(2) pressure, 15 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, and 200 r/min stirring speed. Moreover, the formation of carbonates was confirmed through XRD, SEM-EDS, TG, and FTIR. A mechanism analysis revealed that initially, the rate of the carbonation process was primarily controlled by the mass transfer of CO_(2) in the gas–liquid interface. However, the rate-determining step gradually shifted to the mass transfer of Ca2+ in the solid–liquid interface as the reaction time increased. This study lays the foundation for the large-scale implementation of CO_(2) sequestration through carbide slag carbonation.

关键词： Industrial by-products Direct aqueous carbonation CO_(2)sequestration Mass transfer

A New Device for Gas-Liquid Flow Measurements Relying on Forced Annular Flow

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1759-1772页

作者： Tiantian Yu Youping Lv Hao Zhong Ming Liu Pingyuan Gai Zeju Jiang Peng Zhang Xingkai Zhang petroleum Engineering Technology Research institute SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257000China School of petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China

A new measurement device,consisting of swirling blades and capsule-shaped throttling elements,is proposed in this study to eliminate typical measurement errors caused by complex flow patterns in gas-liquid *** swirling blades are used to transform the complex flow pattern into a forced annular *** on the research of existing blockage flow meters and also exploiting the single-phase flow measurement theory,a formula is introduced to measure the phase-separated flow of gas and *** formula requires the pressure ratio,Lockhart-Martinelli number(L-M number),and the gas phase Froude *** unknown parameters appearing in the formula are fitted through numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),which involves a comprehensive analysis of the flow field inside the device from multiple perspectives,and takes into account the influence of pressure ***,the measurement model is validated through an experimental error *** results demonstrate that the measurement error can be maintained within±8%for various flow patterns,including stratified flow,bubble flow,and wave flow.

关键词： Gas-liquid flow measurement blocking flowmeter measurement model pressure fluctuations numerical simulation experimental control

Production induced fracture closure of deep shale gas well under thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions

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petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1796-1813页

作者： Shi-Ming Wei Yang Xia Yan Jin Xu-Yang Guo Jing-Yu Zi Kai-Xuan Qiu Si-Yuan Chen College of Science China University of Petroleum (Beijing) CNOOC Research institute Ltd The University of Hong Kong

Deep shale gas reservoirs have geological characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, high stress,and inferior ability to pass through fluids. The multi-stage fractured horizontal well is the key to exploiting the deep shale gas reservoir. However, during the production process, the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracture network decreases with the closure of fractures, which accelerates the decline of shale gas production. In this paper, we addressed the problems of unclear fracture closure mechanisms and low accuracy of shale gas production prediction during deep shale gas production. Then we established the fluid—solid—heat coupled model coupling the deformation and fluid flow among the fracture surface,proppant and the shale matrix. When the fluid—solid—heat coupled model was applied to the fracture network, it was well solved by our numerical method named discontinuous discrete fracture *** with the conventional discrete fracture method, the discontinuous discrete fracture method can describe the three-dimensional morphology of the fracture while considering the effect of the change of fracture surface permeation coefficient on the coupled fracture—matrix flow and describing the displacement discontinuity across the fracture. Numerical simulations revealed that the degree of fracture closure increases as the production time proceeds, and the degree of closure of the secondary fractures is higher than that of the primary fractures. Shale creep and proppant embedment both increase the degree of fracture closure. The reduction in fracture surface permeability due to proppant embedment reduces the rate of fluid transfer between matrix and fracture, which has often been overlooked in the past. However, it significantly impacts shale gas production, with calculations showing a 24.7% cumulative three-year yield reduction. This study is helpful to understand the mechanism of hydraulic fracture closure. Therefore, it provides the theoretical guidance

关键词： Shale gas Fracture closure Fluid–solid–heat coupling Discontinuous discrete fracture