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Effects of Tamarisk shrub on physicochemical properties of soil in coastal wetland of the Bohai Sea

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第5期35卷 106-112页

作者： HE Xiuping WANG Baodong XIE Linping XIN Ming WANG Wei WANG Zicheng ZHANG Wenquan WEI Qinsheng First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

There are many different and even controversial results concerning the effects of Tamarisk on the physicochemical properties of soil. A year-round monitoring of soil salinity, p H and moisture is conducted beneath the Tamarisk shrub in a coastal wetland in the Bohai Sea in China, to ascertain the effects of Tamarisk on the physicochemical properties of soil in coastal wetland. Compared with the control area, the soil moisture content is lower around the area of the taproot when there is less precipitation in the growing season because of water consumption by Tamarisk shrub. However, the soil moisture content is higher around the taproot when there is more precipitation in the growing season or in the non-growing period because of water conservation by the rhizosphere. The absorption of salt by the Tamarisk shrub reduces the soil salinity temporarily, but eventually salt returns to the soil by the leaching of salt on leaves by rainfall or by fallen leaves. The annual average soil moisture content beneath the Tamarisk shrub is lower than the control area by only 6.4%, indicating that the Tamarisk shrub has little effect on drought or water conservation in soils in the temperate coastal wetland with moderate annual precipitation. The annual average salinity beneath the Tamarisk shrub is 18% greater than that of the control area, indicating that Tamarisk does have an effect of rising soil salinity around Tamarisk shrubs. The soil p H value is as low as 7.3 in summer and as high as 10.2 in winter. The p H of soil near the taproot of the Tamarisk shrubs is one p H unit lower than that in the control area during the growing season. The difference in p H is less different from the control area in the non-growing season, indicating that the Tamarisk shrub does have the effect of reducing the alkalinity of soil in coastal wetland.

关键词： coastal wetland Tamarisk soil physicochemical parameter

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Paleoenvironmental Evolution of the Beilun River Estuary,Northwest South China Sea,During the Past 20,000 Years Based on Diatoms

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第6期90卷 2244-2257页

作者： CHEN Min QI Hongshuai LAN Dongzhao LAN Binbin FANG Qi Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

The paleoenvironmental history of the Beilun River estuary on the coast of Beibu Gulf in the northwest South China Sea is reconstructed based on fossil diatoms, isotopic dating, sedimentary grain size data, mineralogy and geochemistry in three sediment core samples. Results show that the estuary has experienced significant environmental changes since deposition began about 20,000 yr ago. Freshwater runoff of the Beilun River initially was strong. However, the freshwater runoff reduced significantly after a transgressive event. Subsequently the estuary’s position began to migrate to the northeast. At the end of the Late Pleistocene the estuary shifted gradually towards the southwest. In the Early-Mid Holocene, the estuary’s geomorphology was shaped by seawater transgressing into the ancient river channel. The basin was filled continuously but slowly to form the present Beilun River estuary. Holocene transgression in this area could be divided roughly into three stages, including oscillation period 1, the maximum transgression period, and oscillation period 2.

关键词： diatoms Beilun River estuary paleoenvironment Quaternary

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The distribution and inter-annual variation of water masses on the Bering Sea shelf in summer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第11期35卷 59-67页

作者： LIU Na LIN Lina WANG Yingjie CHEN Hongxia HE Yan The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

On the basis of the CTD data obtained within the Bering Sea shelf by the Second to Sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summers of 2003, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014, the classification and interannual variation of water masses on the central Bering Sea shelf and the northern Bering Sea shelf are analyzed. The results indicate that there are both connection and difference between two regions in hydrological features. On the central Bering Sea shelf, there are mainly four types of water masses distribute orderly from the slope to the coast of Alaska： Bering Slope Current Water（BSCW）, MW（Mixed Water）, Bering Shelf Water（BSW） and Alaska Coastal Water（ACW）. In summer, BSW can be divided into Bering Shelf Surface Water（BSW_S） and Bering Shelf Cold Water（BSW_C）. On the northern Bering Sea shelf near the Bering Strait,it contains Anadyr Water（AW）, BSW and ACW from west to east. But the spatial-temporal features are also remarkable in each region. On the central shelf, the BSCW is saltiest and occupies the west of 177°W, which has the highest salinity in 2014. The BSW_C is the coldest water mass and warmest in 2014; the ACW is freshest and mainly occupies the east of 170°W, which has the highest temperature and salinity in 2012. On the northern Bering Sea shelf near the Bering Strait, the AW is saltiest with temperature decreasing sharply compared with BSCW on the central shelf. In the process of moving northward to the Bering Strait, the AW demonstrates a trend of eastward expansion. The ACW is freshest but saltier than the ACW on the central shelf,which is usually located above the BSW and is saltiest in 2014. The BSW distributes between the AW and the ACW and coldest in 2012, but the cold water of the BSW_C on the central shelf, whose temperature less than 0°C, does not exist on the northern shelf. Although there are so many changes, the respond to a climate change is synchronized in the both regions, which can be divided into the warm years（2003 and 2014） and cold years（2008, 2010 and 2012）. The year

关键词： Bering Sea shelf water mass inter-annual variation Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition

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The improved model of estimating global whitecap coverage based on satellite data

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第5期35卷 66-72页

作者： REN Danqin HUA Feng YANG Yongzeng SUN Baonan First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

The pro and con of whitecap parameterizations and a statistical wave breaking model are discussed. An improved model is derived by combining satellite-based parameterization and the wave breaking model. The appropriate constants for the general wave state are obtained by considering the breaking condition of the wave slope and fitting with the satellite-based parameterization. The result is close to the constants based on the whitecap data from Monahan. Comparing with satellite-based data and the original model＇s results, the improved model＇s results are consistent with satellite-based data and previous studies. The global seasonal distributions of the whitecap coverage averaged from 1998 to 2008 are presented. Spatial and seasonal features of the whitecap coverage are analyzed.

关键词： whitecap coverage statistical wave breaking model satellite-based parameterization

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Features of the physical environment associated with green tide in the southwestern Yellow Sea during spring

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第7期34卷 97-104页

作者： BAO Min GUAN Weibing WANG Zongling WANG Difeng CAO Zhenyi CHEN Qi State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration institute of Physical oceanography Ocean College Zhejiang University First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

Massive green tides caused by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea have occurred every summer since 2007 and have caused huge economic losses for local governments. The Subei （North liangsu Province, China） Shoal, with its large-scale Porphyra aquaculture, has been regarded as the most important source of U. prolifera for green tides. To reveal the physical mechanisms of floating and drifting algae in this area, the characteristics of the current, the temperature, the salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM） in the southwestern Yellow Sea, especially in the Subei Shoal, were studied. The topography of the radial sand ridges in the Subei Shoal constrains the features of the currents and causes net longitudinal and latitudinal movements. The longitudinal net movement is a dominant dynamic factor that can bring U. prolifera into offshore waters. The amount of gas that is produced by algae during photosynthesis determines whether U. prolifera can float well on the sea surface after it is disposed into the water from Porphyra aquacultural apparatus. The Subei Shoal is characterized by a high turbidity, which can result in significant light attenuation and affect the photosynthesis together with the buoyancy of a U. prolifera in the water. According to satellite remote sensing data from 2012, the three-month-averaged surface SPM （April, May and June） in the Subei Shoal was 140 mg/dm^3, and the north of the Subei Shoal （the north of 34.5°N）, it was 11 mg/dm^3. According to the monthly averaged surface SPM in April, the transparency in the Subei Shoal was only 0.1 m, but it often exceeded 2.0 m outside of the Subei Shoal. The results explain why the floating ability of U. prolifera increases significantly once the green algae drifted outside the Subei Shoal.

关键词： Ulva prolifera current temperature salinity suspended particulate matter

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An efficient parallel algorithm for ocean circulation numerical model based on irregular rectangle decomposition scheme

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第5期35卷 18-23页

作者： ZHUANG Zhanpeng YUAN Yeli ZHANG Jie HAN Lei YANG Jungang College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

A parallel algorithm of circulation numerical model based on message passing interface（MPI） is developed using serialization and an irregular rectangle decomposition scheme. Neighboring point exchange strategy（NPES） is adopted to further enhance the computational efficiency. Two experiments are conducted on HP C7000 Blade System, the numerical results show that the parallel version with NPES（PVN） produces higher efficiency than the original parallel version（PV）. The PVN achieves parallel efficiency in excess of 0.9 in the second experiment when the number of processors increases to 100, while the efficiency of PV decreases to 0.39 rapidly. The PVN of ocean circulation model is used in a fine-resolution regional simulation, which produces better results. The capability of universal implementation of this algorithm makes it applicable in many other ocean models potentially.

关键词： irregular rectangle decomposition scheme message passing interface（MPI） neighboring point exchange strategy data communication

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Levels and patterns of genetic variation in Pampus minor:Assessment of a mitochondrial DNA control region sequence

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第4期40卷 74-83页

作者： Yuan Li Liyan Zhang ling Zhang Cheng Liu Longshan Lin Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Fujian Institute of Oceanography Xiamen 361013China Fisheries College Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China

Pampus minor is an important commercial fish.Due to the similarity of external morphological characteristics among the genus Pampus species,P.minor has often been identified as the juvenile group of both P.cinereus and P.argenteus.While little genetic background on this species is known,this study was based on control region sequences and provided the first evaluation of the genetic signature of 264 individuals of P.minor from 11 populations along the coasts of China and Malaysia.The results indicate high genetic haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity in this species.Additionally,two differentiated haplotype lineages were identified in the P.minor populations.However,phylogenetic structures corresponding to the geographical locations were unable to be established.Analysis of molecular variance identified a vast majority of the genetic variation occurring within populations.F-statistic test value(FST)of pairwise indicated that great differences existed between the Chinese and Malaysian P.minor populations.For the Chinese populations,the genetic differences were insignificant with the exception of the Xiamen population,which is a marginal population.During the late Pleistocene,a population expansion of P.minor occurred.These expanded populations originated from the glacial refugium in the South China Sea and then rapidly occupied and adapted to their new habitat.The results of this study provide genetic information for ensuring the protection and management of P.minor resources.

关键词： phylogeography South China Sea Pampus minor genetic diversity genetic differentiation

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The influences of winds on the salt balance of the Tampa Bay during the fall of 2001

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第9期35卷 67-73页

作者： HAN Shuzong ZHU Jun FAN Yongbin QI Hongshuai WANG Xingchi College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

A three-dimensional,high resolution,Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model（FVCOM） is used to diagnose the influences of winds during the fall of 2001 on the salt balance of the Tampa Bay.To distinguish the wind effecting,two experiments are designed：one is driven by tides and rivers;the other is driven by tides,rivers and winds.First,the salinity change induced by wind is provided.Wind forcing can significantly increase the salinity inside the Tampa Bay,along with decreases of horizontal and vertical salt gradients.Subsequently,the salt balance principles are detailed addressed.The primary salt balance is between the total（horizontal plus vertical）advective salt flux divergence and vertical diffusive salt flux divergence except at the channel bottom where horizontal diffusive salt flux divergence comes into play.At last,the salt balance variation induced by winds is further addressed.Wind forcing does not change the relative importance of salt balance terms.The variations of the salt balance terms influenced by winds are highly dependent on the specific locations.Besides,the variations of the total advective salt flux divergence and the vertical diffusive salt flux divergence are nearly couterbalance,and both of two terms are much greater than that of the horizontal diffusive salt flux divergence.

关键词： salt balance wind effects FVCOM Tampa Bay

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A FINITE VOLUME SEMI-IMPLICIT SEMI-LAGRANGIAN SCHEME ON THE YIN-YANG MESH

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2019年第3期25卷 373-384页

作者：刘宇迪李大伟 institute of Meteorology and oceanography National University of Defense Technology

Designed for grid point systems, the traditional semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit scheme is not mass-conserving and can lead to significant solution errors. In the present study, a finite-volume semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit scheme(hereafter 'FVSLSI') is designed for the Yin-Yang mesh and tested in a barotropic shallow water model in the spherical coordinate system. Three test cases, i.e. the advection of a solid body, a steady state nonlinear zonal geostrophic flow and the deformation flow, are simulated to compare the performance of the FVSLSI with that of the traditional semi-Lagrangian scheme(hereafter 'SL') from perspectives of shape preservation, mass conservation,normalized bias, and convergence rate. Results indicate that the FVSLSI performs better than the SL in mass conservation and shape preservation. The bias by the FVSLSI is smaller than that by the SL, while the rate of convergence by the FVSLSI is larger than that by the SL. The FVSLSI also allows large time step. Therefore, the FVSLSI is suggested to be distributed to communities that are developing atmospheric/oceanic models.

关键词： semi-implicit scheme semi-Lagrangian scheme mass-conservative scheme Yin-Yang mesh finite volume

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Ecosystem carbon stock of a tropical mangrove forest in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第12期37卷 85-91页

作者： CHEN Shunyang CHEN Bin SASTROSUWONDO Pramudji DHARMAWAN I Wayan Eka OU Danyun YIN Xijie YU Weiwei CHEN Guangcheng Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Research Center for oceanography Indonesian Institute of Sciences Technical Implementing Unit Marine Life Conservation Biak Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Recent studies have highlighted the valuable role played by mangrove forests in carbon sequestration and storage.Although Indonesia accounts for a large proportion of global mangrove area, knowledge on the carbon stock and sources in the Indonesian mangrove is still limited. In this study, we quantified the ecosystem organic carbon(OC) stock and its spatial variation at an oceanic mangrove in Wori, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sources of soil OC were also investigated. The results showed that the mangrove soil had a substantial OC stock containing15.4 kg/m2(calculated by carbon) in the top 50 cm soil, and represented the majority of the ecosystem OC stock at the Wori mangrove. The mangrove biomass and ecosystem OC stock were 8.3 kg/m2and 23.7 kg/m2, respectively.There was no significantly difference in the soil OC stock among the stations with difference distances offshore,while the highest mangrove biomass OC stock was found at the seaward station. Isotope mixing calculations showed that the rich OC in mangrove soils was attributed to the accumulated autochthonous mangrove source while the suspended organic matter in tidal water and the mangrove-adjacent seagrass contributed less than 20%to the soil OC. The results further demonstrated the importances of the oceanic mangrove in carbon storage and the mangrove plants in contributing OC to their soils.

关键词： mangrove carbon stock biomass soil stable isotopes Indonesia

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