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Development and verification of the higher-order mode neutron flux calculation code HARMONY2.0

nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 207-225页

作者： Er-Pin Zhang Zi-Ning Ni Nian-Biao Deng Jin-Sen Xie Yong Liu Tao Yu School of nuclear Science and technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421000China Key Laboratory of Advanced nuclear energy Design and Safety Ministry of EducationHengyang 421000China Science and technology on Reactor system Design technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610213China

Higher-order modes of the neutron diffusion/transport equation can be used to study the temporal behavior of nuclear reactors and can be applied in modal analysis, transient analysis, and online monitoring of the reactor core. Both the deterministic method and the Monte Carlo(MC) method can be used to solve the higher-order modes. However, MC method, compared to the deterministic method, faces challenges in terms of computational efficiency and α mode calculation stability, whereas the deterministic method encounters issues arising from homogenization-related geometric and energy spectra *** on the higher-order mode diffusion calculation code HARMONY, we developed a new higher-order mode calculation code, HARMONY2.0, which retains the functionality of computing λ and α higher-order modes from HARMONY1.0, but enhances the ability to treat complex geometries and arbitrary energy spectra using the MC-deterministic hybrid two-step strategy. In HARMONY2.0, the mesh homogenized multigroup constants were obtained using OpenMC in the first step,and higher-order modes were then calculated with the mesh homogenized core diffusion model using the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method(IRAM), which was also adopted in the HARMONY1.0 code. In addition, to improve the calculation efficiency, particularly in large higher-order modes, event-driven parallelization/domain decomposition methods are embedded in the HARMONY2.0 code to accelerate the inner iteration of λ∕α mode using OpenMP. Furthermore, the higher-order modes of complex geometric models, such as Hoogenboom and ATR reactors for λ mode and the MUSE-4 experiment facility for the prompt α mode, were computed using diffusion theory.

关键词： Neutron diffusion equation Higher-order modes Global homogenization Two-step method Domain

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Enhancing micro-scale SiOx anode durability:Electro-mechanical strengthening of binder networks via anchoring carbon nanotubes with carboxymethyl cellulose

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 23-33页

作者： Chaeyeon Ha Jin Kyo Koo Jun Myoung Sheem Young-Jun Kim SKKU Advanced institute of Nano technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Department of Nano Science and technology Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Center for Convergence energy Storage system Sungkyunkwan University SKKU institute of energy Science and technology (SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University

With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries（LIBs） applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also *** currently considered a promising anode material due to its exceptionally high capacity for ***,the significant volumetric changes of SiOxduring cycling and its initial Coulombic efficiency（ICE） complicate its use,whether alone or in combination with graphite *** this study,a three-dimensional conductive binder network with high electronic conductivity and robust elasticity for graphite/SiOxblended anodes was proposed by chemically anchoring carbon nanotubes and carboxymethyl cellulose binders using tannic acid as a chemical *** addition,a dehydrogenation-based prelithiation strategy employing lithium hydride was utilized to enhance the ICE of *** combination of these two strategies increased the CE of SiOxfrom 74% to87% and effectively mitigated its volume expansion in the graphite/SiOxblended electrode,resulting in an efficient electron-conductive binder *** led to a remarkable capacity retention of 94% after30 cycles,even under challenging conditions,with a high capacity of 550 mA h g-1and a current density of 4 mA ***,to validate the feasibility of utilizing prelithiated SiOxanode materials and the conductive binder network in LIBs,a full cell incorporating these materials and a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode was *** cell demonstrated a～27.3% increase in discharge capacity of the first cycle(～185.7 mA h g-1) and exhibited a cycling stability of 300 ***,this study reports a simple,feasible,and insightful method for designing high-performance LIB electrodes.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries SiO x anode Blended anode Carbon nanotubes Carboxymethyl cellulose Conductive binder network

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Three-dimensional fracture of UO_(2)ceramic pellets by phase field modeling

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 165-176页

作者： Wei Xiong Xuan Ye Hongzhang Cheng Xiaoming Liu institute of nuclear and New energy technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Fracture is the primary failure type for the UO_(2)ceramic pellets,which are operated under irradiation and thermal processes,and physically confined by the *** this work,by combining closely coupled physical processes of heat conduction,heat transfer,and mechanical deformation with the cohesive phase field framework,we proposed a high-precision modeling of quasistatic cracking of three-dimensional(3D)UO_(2)ceramic fuel pellets under high temperature and *** simulation results agree well with the experimental results,indicating that the proposed method has the potential to capture 3D crack modes in the interested time ***,we studied the relation of the 3D fracture patterns of fuel pellets with the peak power *** was found that the power level plays a critical role in determining the competition between radial and circumferential cracks,as well as transverse penetrating cracks.

关键词： phase field method nuclear fuel pellet coupled thermo-mechanical model thermal fracture

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systematic experimental investigation on pressure build-up characteristics of water-jet injection into a molten LBE pool

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 161-174页

作者： Hao-Ran Huang Zi-Jian Deng Song-Bai Cheng Jia-Yue Chen Sino‑French institute of nuclear Engineering and technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China College of nuclear Science and technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China

In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the *** clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen *** obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle *** detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE ***,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure *** the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt ***,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam *** of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.

关键词： Lead-cooled fast reactor Steam generator tube rupture accident Pressure build-up characteristics Experimental study Pressure water-jet injection

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Study on the off situ reconstruction of the core neutron field based on dual-task hybrid network architecture

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 175-191页

作者： Pei Cao Hui Ding Cheng-Long Cao Zi-Hui Yang Guo-Min Sun School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Hefei UniversityHefei 230001China College of Electronic Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyHefei 230001China institute of nuclear energy Safety technology HFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230027China

The off situ accurate reconstruction of the core neutron field is an important step in realizing real-time reactor *** existing off situ reconstruction method of the neutron field is only applicable to cases wherein a single region changes at a specified location of the ***,when the neutron field changes are complex,the accurate identification of the individual changed regions becomes challenging,which seriously affects the accuracy and stability of the neutron field ***,this study proposed a dual-task hybrid network architecture(DTHNet)for off situ reconstruction of the core neutron field,which trained the outermost assembly reconstruction task and the core reconstruction task jointly such that the former could assist the latter in the reconstruction of the core neutron field under core complex ***,to exploit the characteristics of the ex-core detection signals,this study designed a global-local feature upsampling module that efficiently distributed the ex-core detection signals to each reconstruction unit to improve the accuracy and stability of *** experiments were performed on the simulation datasets of the CLEAR-I reactor to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed *** results showed that when the location uncertainty of a single region did not exceed nine and the number of multiple changed regions did not exceed ***,the reconstructed ARD was within 2%,RD_(max)was maintained within 17.5%,and the number of RD≥10%was maintained within ***,when the noise interference of the ex-core detection signals was within±2%,although the average number of RD≥10%increased to 16,the average ARD was still within in 2%,and the average RD_(max)was within 22%.Collectively,these results show that,theoretically,the DTHNet can accurately and stably reconstruct most of the neutron field under certain complex core changes.

关键词： Real-time reactor monitoring Core neutron field reconstruction Dual-task hybrid network architecture Global-local feature upsampling module

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Machine learning for online control of particle accelerators

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 94-104页

作者： Xiaolong Chen Zhijun Wang Yuan He Hong Zhao Chunguang Su Shuhui Liu Weilong Chen Xiaoying Zhao Xin Qi Kunxiang Sun Chao Jin Yimeng Chu Hongwei Zhao institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of nuclear Science and technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of nuclear Science and technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Advanced energy Science and Technonlogy Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516000China Department of Physics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Particle accelerators play a critical role in modern scientific ***,existing manual beam control methods heavily rely on experienced operators,leading to significant time consumption and potential challenges in managing next-generation accelerators characterized by higher beam current and stronger nonlinear *** this paper,we establish a dynamical foundation for designing the online adaptive controller of accelerators using machine *** provides a guarantee for dynamic controllability for a class of scientific instruments whose dynamics are described by spatial-temporal equations of motion but only part variables along the instruments under steady states are *** necessity of using historical time series of beam diagnostic data is *** strategies involve also employing a well-established virtual beamline of accelerators,by which various beam calibration scenarios that actual accelerators may encounter are *** the reinforcement learning algorithm is adopted to train the controller with the interaction to the virtual ***,the controller is seamlessly transitioned to real ion accelerators,enabling efficient online adaptive control and ***,the controller demonstrates significant robustness,effectively managing beams with diverse charge mass ratios without requiring *** a controller allows us to achieve the global control within the entire superconducting section of the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements.

关键词： nonlinear complex system adaptive control machine learning particle accelerator simulation to reality

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Targets capture by distributed active swarms via bio-inspired reinforcement learning

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 206-217页

作者： Kun Xu Yue Li Jun Sun Shuyuan Du Xinpeng Di Yuguang Yang Bo Li institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China institute of nuclear and New energy technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Aerospace Control technology institute Shanghai 201109China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aerospace Intelligent Control technology Shanghai 201109China College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

Natural swarms arranged from cells to herds are usually decentralized but display intriguing collective intelligence in coordinating individuals across large scales to efficiently achieve their common *** from nature may provide new strategies for controlling collective dynamics of synthetic swarms to accomplish specific ***,we present a bioinspired computational framework that steers distributed active swarms to collectively capture and merge targets via reinforcement *** exploit collective milling structures of natural herds to cage the targets,and adopt a switching control policy inspired by sperms’chiral dynamics to optimize the trajectories of individuals,through which the active swarms can selforganize to enclose single or multiple distant targets in a dynamical,adaptive and scalable *** exists a critical swarm size,beyond which the excessive competition between agents would generate large mechanical forces,leading to capture instability but enabling the transition from short-distance to long-distance merging capture of multiple *** work provides physical insights into distributed active swarms and could offer a multilevel,decentralized strategy toward controlling swarm robotics in wide applications such as bio-medical devices,machine immunity,and target clearance.

关键词： swarm intelligence robotics multi-tasks artificial intelligence bionics

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Annual Optimal Performance Analysis of Micro Heat Pipe PV/T under Different Angles in Northwest China

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第02期 400-412页

作者： LIU Xiaomin WU Qingbai LI Jinping Vojislav NOVAKOVIC School of energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center for Supporting technology of Northwest Low-Carbon Towns Gansu Key Laboratory of Complementary energy system of Biomass and Solar energy Gansu Natural energy Research institute Department of energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology

The exploitation of photovoltaic/thermal（PV/T） systems,which facilitate concurrent conversion of solar radiation into electrical and heat energies,presents substantial potential in the solar-abundant northwestern zone of *** investigation endeavors to evaluate the efficacy of a micro heat pipe（M-HP） PV/T system via exhaustive experimental analysis conducted in *** improve the performance of M-HP-PV/T system,a comparison was made between the optimal angles for each day and the entire *** system inside greenhouse exhibited an average photovoltaic conversion efficiency（PCE） and thermal conversion efficiency（TCE） of12.32% and 42.81%.The system of external environment registered average PCE and TCE values of 12.99% and21.08%.To further understand the system's operational results,a mathematical model was constructed through the integration of experimental data,exhibiting good agreement between the simulated outcomes and empirical *** average solar irradiance of daily optimum angle was 728.3 W/m2;the annual optimum angle was 29° with an average solar irradiance of 705.6 W/*** average annual total powers at the optimal angle outside the greenhouse and inside the greenhouse were 448.0 W and 398.7 *** average annual total efficiencies at the optimal angle outside the greenhouse and inside the greenhouse were 40.8% and 56.9%.The total power in the greenhouse was lower by 49.3 W,while total efficiency in the greenhouse was higher by 16.1%.

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Recent Advancements in the Optimization Capacity Configuration and Coordination Operation Strategy of Wind-Solar Hybrid Storage system

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energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 285-306页

作者： Hongliang Hao Caifeng Wen Feifei Xue Hao Qiu Ning Yang Yuwen Zhang Chaoyu Wang Edwin E.Nyakilla Department of New energy Storage Peking University Ordos Research Institute of EnergyOrdos017010China School of energy and Power Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010080China Key Laboratory of Wind energy and Solar energy Utilization technology Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China

Present of wind power is sporadically and cannot be utilized as the only fundamental load of energy *** paper proposes a wind-solar hybrid energy storage system(HESS)to ensure a stable supply grid for a longer period.A multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA)and state of charge(SOC)region division for the batteries are introduced to solve the objective function and configuration of the system capacity,***/Simulink was used for simulation *** optimization results show that for a 0.5 MW wind power and 0.5 MW photovoltaic system,with a combination of a 300 Ah lithium battery,a 200 Ah lead-acid battery,and a water storage tank,the proposed strategy reduces the system construction cost by approximately 18,000 ***,the cycle count of the electrochemical energy storage systemincreases from4515 to 4660,while the depth of discharge decreases from 55.37%to 53.65%,achieving shallow charging and discharging,thereby extending battery life and reducing grid voltage fluctuations *** proposed strategy is a guide for stabilizing the grid connection of wind and solar power generation,capability allocation,and energy management of energy conservation systems.

关键词： Electric-thermal hybrid storage modal decomposition multi-objective genetic algorithm capacity optimization allocation operation strategy

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Radiation belt electron wisp inside South Atlantic Anomaly due to terrestrial VLF transmitter observed by MSS-1

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 538-548页

作者： Yixin SUN Ying LIU Qiugang ZONG Yixin HAO Hong ZOU Yuguang YE institute of Space Physics and Applied technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Max Planck institute for Solar system Research Goettingen 37077Germany

The South Atlantic Anomaly represents a region within near-Earth space characterized by a significantly weaker geomagnetic field and a higher flux of energetic particles compared to other areas. It is a space weather hazards to Low-EarthOrbit satellites. There has been evidence that the Very Low Frequency(VLF) waves from the powerful ground VLF radio transmitter in Australia, known as NWC, have the capacity to scatter energetic electrons' pitch angle in the inner radiation *** scattering directs electrons into the drift loss cone, forms a “wisp”, characterized by its peak intensity outside the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA), and a “rift” exhibiting minimal intensity within SAA. Our findings mark the initial observation of a“wisp” precipitation, an unusual occurrence with peak intensity detected inside the SAA, observed via the Macao Science Satellite-1. Enabled by the Medium-energy Electron Spectrometer onboard Macao Science Satellite-1, we were able to comprehensively measure the full pitch angle distribution at Low-Earth-Orbit. This allowed us to attribute the “wisp” within the anomaly to a specific pitch angle range just outside the drift loss cone, a measurement unattainable by previous satellites. This“wisp” occurrence aligns with previous model predictions, despite being overlooked. Moreover, we distinguished between the trapped and precipitating electron populations. Directly derived from the ratio of these populations, our analysis revealed that approximately 2%-5% of trapped electrons will be lost in this specific wisp due to the influence of the ground VLF *** results not only complement existing evidence of energetic electron pitch angle scattering facilitated by the ground VLF transmitter but also offer a quantitative estimation of its impact.

关键词： South Atlantic Anomaly Radiation belts Electrons precipitation VLF transmitter Wave-particle interaction

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