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Analysis of Major Driving Forces of Ecological Footprint Based on the STRIPAT Model and RR Method:A Case of Sichuan Province,Southwest china

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Journal of mountain Science 2011年第4期8卷 611-618页

作者： TANG Wei ZHONG Xianghao LIU Shaoquan institute of mountain hazard and environment Chinese Academy of Science Chengdu 610041 China Graduate school of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Ecological Footprint(EF) equation provides useful accounting to analyze the relationship between human activities and the *** of the specific forces driving EF is not fully understood but the STIRPAT model provides a simple framework for decomposing the impact of human activities on *** applied the EF model in Sichuan Province,china to assess the impact of human *** per capita EF increased by 2 fold in the 14 years between 1995 and 2008,but ecological capacity decreased in the same period,suggesting that the biologically productive area of Sichuan Province is inadequate to sustain human *** to the refined STIRPAT model,the hypothesized driving forces of EF include population size(P),GDP per capita(A1),quadratic term of GDP per capita(A2),percentage of GDP from industry(T1) and urbanization rate(T2).However,the multi-collinearity among these drivers could be a substantial problem which may reveal negative effect in the final *** of the Ridge Regression(RR) method to fit the STIRPAT model had the advantage of being able to avoid the collinearity among independent *** results showed that population is the principal driving force of EF variation in Sichuan Province and that urbanization and industrialization also have a positive association with the *** of affluence elasticity(EEA) showed that the relationship betweenEF and economic growth was not curvilinear,suggesting that variation of EF does not follow an environmental Kuznets Curve relative to economic growth in Sichuan Province.

关键词： Ecological footprint STIRTPAT model Ridge Regression Major driving forces Sichuan Province china

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Non-Point-Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loadings from a Small Watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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Journal of mountain Science 2012年第1期9卷 10-15页

作者： ZHU BO WANG Zhenhua WANG Tao DONG Zhixin Key Laboratory of mountain environment Evolvement and Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A representative small watershed in the central part of the TGR area was selected to monitor the loss of nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) continuously along with the runoff from 2007 through 2009 to understand the exact sources and *** show that the non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus comes mainly from the storm runoff from residential areas,citrus orchards and sloping croplands,which contributes up to 76% of the loadings in this ***,a crucial measure for controlling non-point-source pollution is to intercept storm runoff from the three *** fields provide a sink for non-point-source N and P by intercepting the runoff and sediment along with their different forms of nitrogen and *** N and P removal efficiency by paddy fields from residential areas is within the range of 56% to 98%.Paddy fields are an important land-use option for reducing the non-point-source loading of N and P in the TGR area.

关键词： Non-point-source pollution Source and sink Nitrogen Phosphorus Paddy fields Three Gorges Reservoir area china

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Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River——a Case Study in Maoxian County, Sichuan

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Journal of mountain Science 2007年第2期4卷 146-154页

作者： FENG Werdan LI Ainong ZHOU Wancun chengdu institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041SichuanChina Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China chengdu institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041Sichuan China

A quantitative analysis of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River was made with the major data sources being the relevant ETM image and the national geographical database of china （including contour line, fiver and road） at the scale of 1：250000, and using image interpretation and field investigation to obtain spatial information on rural settlements. The results of the spatial analysis technique of GIS and correlation analysis showed that most settlements （78.2 %） were located in the mountain area at 1500-2700 m altitude, and almost half in the arid valley area. More than 80.0 % of settlements had their slopes above 15°. Most settlements had good access to water resources, roads and communications, and tended to cluster close to the road network rather than the fiver. About half of the rural settlements in the study area were relatively concentrated, while the others were decentralized. Those with higher altitude usually had land with steep slope, inconvenient water and road accesses, and were located far apart from each other. In view of such a situation, further research should be done to make reasonable countermeasures on these settlements for better living conditions and ecosystem stability.

关键词： Rural settlement spatial pattern GIS Maoxian County china

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Factors affecting land dissection density in geomorphological regions of china

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1372-1387页

作者： SUN Xiaolin ZHAO Yinjun PENG Peihao CHENG Weiming WEI Yongping YANG Ronghao LI Jiaxu College of Earth sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China School of Civil Engineering Guangxi Polytechnic of ConstructionNanning 530001China Key Laboratory of environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Ministry of EducationNanning Normal UniversityNanning 530001China Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Intelligent Simulation(Guangxi) Nanning Normal UniversityNanning 530001China State Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China School of Earth and environmental sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4702Australia School of Geography and Planning Nanning Normal UniversityNanning 530001China

Land dissection density(LDD)provides morphological evidence regarding prior intense soil erosion and quantifies the distribution of land dissections.A comprehensive understanding of the potential factors influencing the spatial pattern and value of the LDD is vital in geological disasters,soil erosion,and other related *** dissection phenomena in china affects large areas with different morphological,pedological,and climatic *** studies have focused on the potential factors influencing the LDD at a watershed ***,these results are insufficient to reflect the status quo of dissection development and its primary influencing factors on a national ***’s spatial patterns and the dominant factors at a regional scale in millions of square kilometers remain to be *** study used the geomorphon-based method and the geographical detector model to quantify the spatial pattern of LDD over china and identify the dominant factors affecting this pattern in china’s six first-order geomorphological regions(GR1~GR6).The results yield the following findings:(1)LDD in china ranges from 0~4.55 km/km^(2),which is larger in central and eastern regions than in other regions of china;(2)dominant factors and their dominant risk subcategories vary with each geomorphological region’s primary internal and external forces;(3)the influence of natural factors is more significant on the large regional scale in millions of square kilometers compared to anthropogenic factors;relief degree of land surface(RDLS)is dominant in GR1,GR2,and GR5;the slope is dominant in GR6,soil type is dominant in GR3 and GR4,and lithology plays a critical role in the dominant interactions of GR3,GR4,and GR6;(4)the interactions between factors on LDD’s spatial pattern have a more significant effect than individual factors.

关键词： Land dissection density Influencing factors Regional scale Spatial pattern Geographical detector model Geomorphon-based method china

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Nutrient Release from Weathering of Purplish Rocks in the Sichuan Basin,china

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 257-264页

作者： ZHU Bo WANG Tao YOU Xiang GAO Mei-Rong institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 （China）

Purplish soils having high fertility with mineral nutrients inherited from the parent rock are widely distributed in the hills along the Yangtze River,especially in the Sichuan *** and field weathering experiments were conducted to mimic rock weathering and nutrient release processes in order to better understand soil fertility and nutrient compensation. Three types of purplish rock formations formed in the Jurassic period,Shaximiao(J_2s),Suining(J_3s),and Penglaizhen (J_3p),as well as one type formed in the Cretaceous period,the Chengqiangyan group(K_1c),were used in this study. Results showed that the soil formation rate was in the range from 11.2 to 19.6 mm every year,and rock weathering was in the order of J_3s>J_3p>J_2s>K_*** more rock surface was exposed to sunlight and rainfall in field conditions,pot weathering was slower than field *** release rates increased with rock weathering and was in the order similar to that of rock weathering:J_3p>J_3s>J_2s>K_*** release was the most important in all rocks;after 2 years of weathering,19.4% to 46.9% of K was released from the initial parent rocks,which suggested that K release from weathering could meet most of the crop K requirement in purplish ***,rapid release of nutrients from weathering of purplish rocks was key to nutrient replenishment and fertility of purplish soils.

关键词： nutrient release purplish rock soil formation weathering

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Spatial Distribution of Soil Erosion Sensitivity on the Tibet Plateau

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Pedosphere 2005年第4期15卷 465-472页

作者： WANG Xiao-Dan ZHONG Xiang-Hao FAN Jian-Rong institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 （China）

The Tibet Plateau, occupying the main part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and having an average altitude of 4 500 m, has geomorphological features that are unique in the world, with soil erosion being one of the main ecological problems. Thus the main objectives of the present research were to set up an efficient and simple way of evaluating spatial distribution of soil erosion sensitivity in the Tibet Plateau as well as the responses of soil erosion to changes of natural environmental conditions, and to indicate key regions where soil erosion should be preferentially controlled. Based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the study applied geographic information system (GIS) technology to develop a methodological reference framework, from which soil erosion sensitivity could be evaluated. The impact of precipitation, soil, topography and vegetation on soil erosion was divided into classes of extreme sensitivity, high sensitivity, medium sensitivity, low sensitivity and no sensitivity. With the aid of GIS, the resultant map from overlaying various factors showed that soil erosion sensitivity had great discrepancy in different parts of the region. In the southeastern part of the Tibet Plateau there were mainly three classes of sensitivity, namely, extreme, high and medium sensitivity. However, the other two classes, low and no sensitivity, were dominant in the northwestern part.

关键词： GIS soil erosion sensitivity spatial distribution Tibet Plateau

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Determining Critical Support Discharge of a Riverhead and River Network Analysis： Case Studies of Lhasa River and Nyangqu River

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chinese Geographical Science 2016年第4期26卷 456-465页

作者： SHA Yukun LI Weipeng FAN Jihui CHENG Genwei Key Laboratory of mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

A riverhead is the demarcation point of continuous water channel and seasonal channel, which is characterized by a criti- cal flow that can support a continuous water body. In this study, the critical support discharge （CSD） is defined as the critical steady flows required to form the origin of a stream. The CSD is used as the criterion to determine the beginning of the riverhead, which can be controlled by hydro-climate factors （e.g., annual precipitation, annual evaporation, or minimum stream flow in arid season）. The CSD has a close correlation with the critical support/source area （CSA） that largely affects the density of the river network and the division of sub-watersheds. In general, river density may vary with regional meteorological and hydrological conditions that have to be considered in the analysis. In this paper, a new model referring to the relationship of CSA and CSD is proposed, which is based on the physical mechanism for the origin of riverheads. The feasibility of the model was verified using two watersheds （Duilongqu Basin of the Lhasa River and Beishuiqu Basin of the Nyangqu River） in Tibet Autonomous Region to calculate the CSA and extract river networks. A series of CSAs based on different CSDs in derived equation were tested by comparing the extracted river networks with the reference network obtained from a digitized map of river network at large scales. Comparison results of river networks derived from digital elevation model with real ones indicate that the CSD （equal to criterion of flow quantity （Qc）） are 0.0028 m3/s in Duilongqu and 0.0085 m3/s in Beishuiqu. Results show that the Qc can vary with hydro-climate conditions. The Qc is high in humid region and low in arid region, and the optimal Qo of 0.0085 m3/s in Beishuiqu Basin （humid region） is higher than 0.0028 m3/s in Duilongqu Basin （semi-arid region）. The suggested method provides a new application approach that can be used to determine the Qo of a riverhead in complex geographic

关键词： river network extraction Duilongqu Basin of Lhasa River Beishuiqu Basin of Nyangqu River critical support discharge hydro-climate conditions riverhead

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A debris-flow impact pressure model combining material characteristics and flow dynamic parameters

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Journal of mountain Science 2018年第12期15卷 2721-2729页

作者： TANG Jin-bo HU Kai-heng Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Surface Process Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Impact force is a crucial factor to be considered in debris-resisting structure design. The impact of debris flow against a structural barrier depends not only on the flow dynamics but also on the barrier material. Based on the structural vibration equation and energy conservation law, a simple model for calculating debris-flow impact pressure is proposed, which includes the mechanical impedance of the material, debris-flow velocity and Froude number. Twenty-five impact tests have been conducted using different kinds of materials: steel, black granite, white granite, marble and polyvinyl chloride(PVC) board, and the ratio of the maximum impact time to the vibration period of the structure is determined for the model. It is found that the ratio's square root shows a linear relationship with the material solid Froude number. This indicates that the impedance of the structures plays an important role in the flow-barrier interaction. Moreover, the debrisflow impact force is found to decrease with the travel time of the elastic stress wave though the structures.

关键词： Debris flows Impact pressure Dynamical responses Mechanical impedance

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Stormwater Runoff Pollution in a Rural Township in the Hilly Area of the Central Sichuan Basin,china

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Journal of mountain Science 2012年第1期9卷 16-26页

作者： LUO Zhuanxi WANG Tao GAO Meirong TANG Jialiang ZHU Bo Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Surface Process Chinese academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China institute of Urban environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Stormwater runoff in rural townships has a high potential for water quality impairment but little information is available on strormwater runoff pollution from rural *** investigate the characteristics of runoff pollution in a rural township,a catchment(2.32 ha) in Linshan Township,Sichuan,china was selected to examine runoff and quality parameters including precipitation,flow rate,and total nitrogen(TN),dissolved nitrogen(DN),total phosphorus(TP),dissolved phosphorus(DP),particulate phosphorus(PP),chemical oxygen demand(COD) and suspended solid(SS) in 12 rainfall events occurring between June 2006 and July *** show that the annual pollutant loads were 47.17 kg ha-1 for TN,6.64 kg ha-1 for TP,1186 kg ha-1 for COD,and 4297 kg ha-1 for *** and PP were the main forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in stormwater ***,COD and SS showed medium mass first flushes,in which nearly 40% of the total pollutant masses were transported by the first 30% of total flow *** peak of pollutant concentration appeared before the peak of runoff due to the first flush of accumulative pollutants in impervious areas and drainage *** EMC values of TN,TP,DN and PP were negatively correlated to the maximum rainfall intensity,precipitation,total flow volume,and runoff duration(P<0.05,n=12),while EMC of COD and SS were not related to any rainfall *** FF30(FF,First Flush) for TN,TP,COD and SS were positively correlated to the maximum rainfall intensity(P<0.05,n=12),and TP was also positively correlated to the average rainfall intensity(P<0.05,n=12),indicating that the magnitude of first flush increased with the rainfall intensity in the Linshan Township.

关键词： First flush Pollutant EMC Storm water Runoff Load

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Effect on Stratum Gradient Frequency Distribution of Landslides in the Three Gorges Area of Northeast Chongqing

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2006年第4期11卷 767-772页

作者： FAN Xiaoyi QIAO Jianping institute of mountain hazard and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 SichuanChina Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The landslide data were calculated in the Three Gorges Area of northeast Chongqing. The results showed that landslide frequency distributions of gradients accorded with the Weibull probability density distribution function. The landslide hazard ratios of gradients were acquired by Weibull accumulation probability distribution function in the different geological units. There was discord between landslide hazard ratio of different geological units and variance of landslide gradient. But they were approximate homology in the strata of Jurassic. The results indicate that the Weibull distribution can quantitatively evaluate the landslide hazard ratios of gradients of the different strata in the Three Gorges Area.

关键词： gradient stratum Weibull distribution landslide

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