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Crustal magma oxidation state and endowments in porphyry copper deposits

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 226-236页

作者： Yumin AI Massimo CHIARADIA Chao WU Huayong CHEN Key Laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of mineral Physics and materials

Porphyry copper deposits（PCDs） supply the majority of the world's copper（Cu） as well as significant amounts of molybdenum（Mo） and gold（Au）. The formation of these deposits is controlled by a variety of geological factors, among which the magmatic oxidation is one of the focuses of current research. This study investigates the redox characteristics of arc magmas by analyzing the ratio of vanadium（V） to scandium（Sc） and its correlation with the oxygen fugacity （fO2） of magmas from arcs of various crustal thicknesses globally. We compiled an extensive dataset of published V/Sc values and studied the partition coefficients of Vand Sc between minerals and silicate melts across various magmatic environments. The results demonstrate that fractional crystallization of magnetite markedly reduces V/Sc values of the residual melt. Furthermore, magnesium number（Mg#） at the onset of magnetite fractionation is strongly positively correlated with fO2of the equilibrium magma. Based on this,the oxidation of arc magmas from different crustal thicknesses can be evaluated. The result suggests that magmas generated in crusts thicker than 20 km tend to be more oxidized with increasing crust thickness. This trend is attributed to enhanced intracrustal differentiation processes involving garnet and amphibole, particularly in mature island and continental arcs. In contrast,magmas in thinner arc crusts（materials, display higher oxidation states than most of their thicker crust counterparts. These findings suggest that both subduction dynamics and crustal thickness play a vital role in determining the oxidation state of arc magmas and, consequently, their capacity to generate PCDs. Highly oxidized, primitive arc magmas are less favorable for PCD formation due to that they tend to experience magnetite fractionation and thus sulfide saturation in the early stage of magma evolution, a process leading to copper depletion. On the contra

关键词： Magma evolution V/Sc systematics Magnetite Oxygen fugacity Porphyry copper deposits

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Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua Jo Jonggeol Na J.Jay Liu Young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

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Depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite

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International Journal of minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2025年第2期32卷 335-345页

作者： Feng Zhang Chenyang Zhang Linlin Wu Wei Sun Hongliang Zhang Jianhua Chen Yong Pei Songjiang Li Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Carbon Emission Reduction in Metal Resource Exploitation and Utilization Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral ResourcesSchool of Minerals Processing and BioengineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of mineral Processing Beijing General Research Institute of Mining&MetallurgyBeijing 100160China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano materials Interfaces Science College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Department of Chemistry Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China China Railway Resource Group Co.Ltd Beijing 102300China

The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth ***,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)*** X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption ***,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and ***,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO_(3)in *** hydrophilic PbSO_(3)was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than *** interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of *** addition the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of ***,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some *** study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism o sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite.

关键词： sphalerite galena sulfite ion density functional theory depression mechanism

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Gradient maturation experiment on hairs implies taphonomic changes in fossil hairs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 62-73页

作者： Xin LI Yibo ZHOU Tao ZHAO Xingjian HE Yanhong PAN State Key Laboratory for mineral Deposits Research Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University institute of Palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science Yunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyYunnan University

Mammalian hair, as a key feature related to endothermy, physical protection, and camouflage, has a long geohistorical record that dates back even to the Mesozoic. However, the limited information on the taphonomy of hair hinders the understanding of its evolutionary significance in deep time. To address this, we conducted taphonomic experiments to simulate the transformation process of black hair. The changes in the morphological structure, microscopic characteristics, and chemical composition of hair during the simulated fossilization process were documented by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results revealed that damage to the morphology of hair began at a mild temperature(150–175°C), and hair transformed into a fluid-like mass at a relatively high temperature(200°C). In addition, the morphological structure of melanosomes had relatively greater preservation potential than keratins did, and the microscopic features of melanosomes were persistently stable. The Raman and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristic melanin and keratin peaks changed as the temperature increased. Although the chemical signals were not lost completely, the variations in the characteristic amide bands in the FTIR spectra indicate that the keratins severely degraded at high temperatures(>200°C), whereas the characteristic melanin bands in the Raman spectra suggested that melanin signals were still recognizable, even at high temperatures(>200°C). These results were confirmed by principal component analysis(PCA) and principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis(PCA–LDA). In addition, the Raman signals of all the samples in the simulated experiments were distinguished from the signals of common geological carbonaceous materials(humic acid), which suggested that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect melanin in fossils.

关键词： Mammalian hair Melanin Keratin Fossilization Experimental taphonomy

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Study on mixing and segregation behaviors in particulate fluidized bed system for mineral processing

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第3期25卷 459-464页

作者： Sahu S.N. Sahu A.K. Biswal S.K. mineral Processing Department CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

In order to identify the mixing and segregation behaviors in a mineral processing operation, present study aimed on the hydrodynamics of solid–liquid fluidization. The study was carried out in a fluidization column with tapings at different height of the bed to collect the sample. The binary particles considered in this study are hematite(4800 kg/m3) and quartz(2600 kg/m3) at different size fractions in the range of average size 87×10^(-6)m to 400×10^(-6)m. It is observed that for various binary mixtures, both quartz and hematite particles share the equal composition by mass(50%) at a particular height of fluidized bed, referred as ‘‘locus point'' of mixing. Study indicates that the mixing zone volume will increase for a continuous fluidized bed plant operation. It is observed that the number of locus points varies from 1 to 3 signifying their dependency on the size ratios of binary mixture. Whenever, the difference in terminal velocity between quartz and hematite particles approaches to zero, mixing is ***, the present study is extended to find the segregation index for the different size ratios of quartz and hematite particles. It is evident that depending on the size ratios, various regions such as complete segregation, partial mixing and complete mixing can be observed.

关键词： Liquid-solid fluidization Mixing Segregation Locus point mineral processing

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Equilibrium and kinetic data of adsorption and separation for zirconium and hafnium onto MIBK extraction resin

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第8期20卷 1527-1533页

作者：徐志高吴延科张建东张力王力军 Division of mineral Resources Metallurgy and MaterialsGeneral Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

The equilibrium and kinetics of methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) extraction resin for adsorption and separation of zirconium and hafnium were studied under the different conditions of acidity,initial total concentrations of zirconium and hafnium and *** equilibrium data of both zirconium and hafnium are found to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm,and the Freundlich isotherm constants(KF) are 3.53 and 0.64 mg/g,*** equilibrium data of zirconium also fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,and the saturation adsorption capacity(Qmax) and the Langmuir isotherm constant(KL)are 75.93 mg/g and-0.012 7 L/g,*** obtained kinetic data of both zirconium and hafnium are found to fit the HO pseudo-second-order kinetic model,and the rate constants of pseudo-second-order equation(k2) are-0.019 and 0.41 g/(mg·min),*** tests show that the MIBK extraction resin could be used as efficient adsorbent material for separating hafnium from zirconium.

关键词： equilibrium kinetics adsorption methyl isobutyl ketone extraction resin zirconium hafnium separation

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Investigation on the surface active sites variation of mineral dusts

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Journal of Central South University 2001年第3期13卷 169-174页

作者： DONG Fa-qin, WAN Pu, FENG Qi-ming, SONG Gong-bao, PENG Tong-jiang (institute of mineral materials and Applications, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621002, China) institute of mineral materials and Applications Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China

The paper analyzed the groups naked and the transformed of fibrous brucite, wollastonite, chrysotile asbestos, sepiolite, palygorskite, clinoptilolite, crocidolite and diatomaceous earth mineral dusts by using IR under acid and alkali etched, strong mechanical and polarized molecular interaction. The results show that the active site focuses on ends in stick dusts and on defects or hole edges in pipe dusts. The inside active sites of dusts play the main role in small molecular substance. The shape of dusts affects their distributions and densities of active sites. The strong mechanical and weak chemical force make the active site feature of minerals change, the powder process brings about more naked surface groups and more combined types. The dust activity relates to the type, contribution, and naked level of surface groups. The studied dust surface groups are mainly as follows: OH?, Mg(OH)?, Si-O-Si, Ca-O-Si, -Mg-OH2,-Al(Si)-OH, -Mg(Ca)-OH2, Ca-O,-Si???OH, Mg(Fe)-OH. Due to the difference of surface composition and structure, the minerals have a large disparity on activity and character of surface groups. The one side surface group of chrysotile layer is the same as fibrous brucite and stripped layer with more naked group. The fibrous sepiolite and palygorskite surface OH? similar to crocidolite is naked with their surface structural defects and cleavage. The more development of mineral defects, the higher of OH? (H2O+) content, the main H2O+ of clinoptilolite is partly transformed into H+, NH 4 + or OH?. The acid etched process may change OH? concentration, distribution and increase the defects and porosity of mineral fiber surface. The alkali etched has no effect on Si-O, Si-OH etc. and destroyed Al-O, Al-OH? acid site of sepiolite, palygorskite and clinoptilolite. Some surface groups of remnant differ from original dusts. The surface process of small polarized molecular or middle moleular’s branch may produce ionation and new coordinate bond, and change the acti

关键词： mineral dusts surface group active site

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Microwave-assisted reduction roasting–magnetic separation studies of two mineralogically different low-grade iron ores

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International Journal of minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2020年第11期27卷 1449-1461页

作者： Subhnit K.Roy Deepak Nayak Nilima Dash Nikhil Dhawan Swagat S.Rath mineral Processing Department CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials TechnologyBhubaneswar 751013India Department of Metallurgical and materials Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

The microwave-assisted reduction behaviours of two low-grade iron ores having a similar Fe content of 49wt%but distinctly different mineralogical and liberation characteristics were *** performances in terms of the iron grade and recovery as obtained from statistically designed microwave(MW)roasting followed by low-intensity magnetic separation(LIMS)experiments were *** respective optimum conditions,the titano-magnetite ore(O1)could yield an iron concentrate of 62.57%Fe grade and 60.01%Fe recovery,while the goethitic ore(O2)could be upgraded to a concentrate of 64.4%Fe grade and 33.3%Fe *** with the goethitic ore,the titanomagnetite ore responded better to MW *** characterization studies of the feed and roasted products obtained at different power and time conditions using X-ray diffraction,optical microscopy,vibrating-sample magnetometry,and electron-probe microanalysis explain the sequential reduction in the iron oxide ***,taking advantage of the MW absorbing character of the titano-magnetite ore,a blend of the same with the goethite-rich ore at a weight ratio of 60:40(O2:O1)was subjected to MW roasting that resulted in a concentrate of 61.57%Fe grade with a Fe recovery of 64.47%.

关键词： microwave reduction roasting titano-magnetite ore goethitic ore magnetic separation

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Electrochemical behavior of zirconium in molten NaCl-KCl-K_2ZrF_6 system

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Rare Metals 2011年第1期30卷 8-13页

作者： WU Yanke XU Zhigao CHEN Song WANG Lijun LI Guoxun Division of mineral Resources Metallurgy and MaterialsGeneral Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

The electrochemical reduction of Zr^4＋（complex） ions in NaCl-KCl-K2ZrF6 molten salt on Pt electrode was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry at 1023 *** cathodic reduction peaks related to Zr^4＋/Zr^2＋ and Zr^2＋/Zr steps were observed in the cyclic *** result was also confirmed by square wave *** diffusion coefficient of Zr^4＋（complex） ions at 1023 K in NaCl-KCl-K2ZrF6 melt,measured by cyclic voltammetry,is about 4.22×10^-6 cm^2/*** characterization of the deposits obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis at different potentials was investigated by XRD,and the results were well consistent with the electrochemical reduction mechanism of Zr^4＋（complex） ions.

关键词： molten materials salts zirconium electrochemical properties reduction cyclic voltammetry

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Preparation of modified LiMn_(2)O_(4) by solid-state reaction

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 71-76页

作者： LU Shigang CAI Zhenping JIN Weihua LI Mingxun HUANG Songtao Division of mineral Resources Metallurgy&MaterialsGeneral Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

Modified lithium manganese oxides were prepared by solid-state reaction of LiMn_(2)O_(4)and LiCoO_(2)as raw materials.A study was carried out by TG-DSC,XRD,DSC and electrochemical to analyse the reaction process and structural characterization of *** results show that the LiMn_(2)O_(4)reacts chemically with LiCoO_(2)at high *** of Li and partial Co atoms can insert into the LiMn_(2)O_(4)crystal lattice and a newly formed spinel phase-modified LiMn_(2)O_(4)was *** distribution of Co content is even in modified LiMn_(2)O_(4)*** modified LiMn_(2)O_(4)compound exhibits improved cycling stability at room and elevated temperature in comparison with the pure LiMn_(2)O_(4).

关键词： lithium-ion battery spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4) modification process

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