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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第12期8卷 2027-2038页

作者： Fernanda Maciel Mario Vignolo Ruben Chaer IMFIA (institute of Fluids Mechanics and Environmental Engineering) Universidad de la Republica Montevideo ZIP 11300Uruguay HE (institute of Electric Engineering) Universidad de la Republica Montevideo ZIP 11300 Uruguay

Estimating CO2 emission factor of the electricity system is a key aspect in the calculation of the baseline emissions for projects certified as CDM (Clean Development Mechanism), which replace energy from the grid. Currently, Uruguay is driving the expansion of the electricity system based on domestic renewable energies, in addition to replacing oil-based fuels for others with lower emission factors. This implies a substantial change of the generation park in the next decade and of the associated CO2 emissions. In this paper, a calculation methodology of the baseline emissions is adapted for its incorporation in the software SimSEE (Electric Energy systems Simulator), which is used for modeling the Uruguayan electric system, and therefore, allows modeling the current energy generator park and the future one. Using this tool, the CO2 emission factor"s evolution is evaluated in the 2012-2020 period. The 2020 scenario is based on an optimal expansion of the electric system. The results indicate a strong reduction of the emission factor between 2012 and 2020, going from average values (for 100 simulations) around 0.60 tCO2/MWh to 0.15 tCO2/MWh. In this possible future scenario, CDM certification will probably not act as a strong incentive in Uruguay for the development of projects based on non-traditional renewable energies.

关键词：二氧化碳排放量排放因子电力系统乌拉圭可再生能源系统模拟器行为计长

Managing Variable Transmittance Windowpanes byModel-Based Autonomous Control

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2013年第5期7卷 507-523页

作者： Sotirios D. Kotsopoulos Federico Casalegno Massahiro Ono Wesley Graybill Department of Comparative Media Studies School of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139 USA Department of Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

The use of digitally activated, variable transmittance materials and artificial intelligence methods to building control will enhance the performance of buildings, and programmable components will change the traditional modes of architectural design, manufacturing and construction. In the presented key study, the architectural form and functionality of windows are revisited with a view to integrate current advances in material science, control systems engineering and human-computer interaction. The features of a building facade, involving a matrix of programmable windows that enables precise control of daylight, view and privacy in the interior of a house are discussed. Managing the variable transmittance materials of the facade by an autonomous high-level control system allows the optimization of the house performance based on real time data and the schedule of the inhabitants. Using constraint violations as a measure of success, the autonomous control of the house outperforms any existing deterministic control models.

关键词：自主控制透射可变窗户玻璃基控制系统工程管理人工智能方法

Adding Value to Applied Policy Models： The Case of the WTO and OECD Support Classification systems

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2014年第4期10卷 460-478页

作者： Mittenzwei Klaus Timothy E. Josling Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research institute Oslo Norway Stanford University California USA

Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of the two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US, and the EU. The results show how the OECD dataset, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may distort production and trade. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers, the implications for modeling and policy analysis are of interest to economists, and the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policies.

关键词：分类系统世贸组织经合组织策略模型应用生产需求农业政策数据集

Establishment of the "Fenlong Energy Theory" and Conjecture of the "Fenlong Dark Matter Flow"

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2021年第2期12卷 11-16页

作者： Benhui WEI Cash Crops Research institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 530007China

It is the first time that the world’s first new method of farming,the"Fenlong farming technology,"has been systematically clarified,and the"Fenlong body integrating with natural science"has been created in terms of land resource activation,natural fertilization,natural water management,natural ecological improvement(including climate),and natural indirect activation of river water ***,the"theory of Fenlong energy"has been established based on its ***"theory of Fenlong energy"originates from the"multiplying and incremental utilization of three-dimensional spatial resources"in production *** application to more than 40 kinds of crops such as rice,corn and wheat in 26 provinces including Guangxi,Xinjiang and Tibet shows that:the yield of arable land increases by 20%to 50%(the quality is improved by 5%),the yield of saline land increases by 20%to 100%,and it can retain 100%of water and resist or ease the ***"theory of three-dimensional spatial resources","Fenlong science","Fenlong law"are the theoretical base for the establishment of the"theory of Fenlong energy".Based on the phenomena that the Fenlong crops have particularly developed root systems,white and more fibrous roots,and tall plants,it is proposed for the first time that Fenlong farming breaks the confinement of the bottom layer of the plow and realizes the holographic penetration of material,energy,and information flows,and there may be the speculation of"Fenlong dark matter flow".

关键词： Fenlong body integrating with natural science Theory of Fenlong energy Conjecture of Fenlong dark matter flow Fenlong tillage technology New method of farming

Fluids in Mesopores： A New Theory and Applications

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2011年第5期5卷 456-472页

作者： Harald Morgner Wilhelm-Ostwald institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry University Leipzig Leipzig 04103 Germany

While hysteresis in the adsorption of fluids in porous material is known since about one century, the thermodynamic treatment of this phenomenon is still not settled. We propose to accept that thermodynamics is not designed to deal with confined systems and we propose to introduce a new set of rules for describing the behavior of confined systems. This proposal is based on a large number of simulation calculations. The employed method of simulation has been shown to describe static and dynamic phenomena encountered in this field. The newly formulated theory incorporates the phenomenon of hysteresis without inconsistencies. Further, it will be shown that the theory allows simulating diffusional and convectional transport (nanofluidics) by a unified approach without the need to introduce capillary forces (surface or interface tensions) by phenomenological parameters. The second part of the paper is devoted to the potential for practical use. It turns out that the new concepts open the route to employing unusual states of matter found in porous systems which may lead to improved applications. In particular we will focus on the possibility to drive a fluid in a pore into states with negative pressure under static and under dynamic conditions. It turns out that states with negative pressure can be reproducibly controlled. Negative pressure states are in principal known since the time of Torricelli and they have been discussed in the literature as experimentally accessible situations. Still, they have not been turned into practical usefulness which is likely to be caused by the notion of their metastability in macroscopic systems. Possible applications refer to controlling chemical reactions as well as new routes to efficient separation processes that are difficult to handle by conventional techniques.

关键词：孔隙流体应用密闭系统中孔模拟计算负压状态多孔材料滞后现象

把握机会窗口期减缓气候变化对中国居民健康影响

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科学通报 2023年第15期68卷 1899-1905页

作者：蔡闻佳张弛张诗卉艾思奇白玉琪鲍俊哲常楠陈彬陈慧琪程亮亮崔学勤戴瀚程 Bawuerjiang Danna 底骞董伟董文轩窦德景范维澄范星房小怡高仝高源耿阳关大博郭亚菲 Ian Hamilton 胡艺馨华峻翊黄存瑞黄弘黄建斌蒋俏蕾姜晓朋柯丕煜 Gregor Kiesewetter Pete Lampard 李传玺李瑞奇李双利梁璐林波荣林华亮刘欢刘起勇刘小波刘心远刘昱甫刘钊刘竹楼书含鲁晨曦罗勇罗震宇马伟 Alice McGushin 牛彦麟任超阮增良 Wolfgang Schöpp 单钰理苏婧孙韬淳王灿王琼文三妹谢杨熊辉徐冰徐朦颜钰杨军杨廉平杨秀俞乐岳玉娟曾仪娉张镜张少辉张曜张仲宸赵继尧赵亮赵梦真赵琦赵哲周景博朱征宏陈冯富珍宫鹏清华大学地球系统科学系北京100084 北京理工大学管理与经济学院北京100081 中山大学公共卫生学院广州510080 郑州大学公共卫生学院郑州450001 南京医科大学公共卫生学院南京211166 北京师范大学环境学院北京100875 北京大学环境工程学院北京100871 清华大学新闻与传播学院北京100084 清华大学万科公共卫生学院北京100084 浙江大学地球科学学院杭州310058 清华大学公共安全研究所北京100084 清华大学工程物理系北京100084 百度研究院北京100091 山东师范大学环境与生态研究院济南250013 中国气象科学研究院气象影响与风险研究中心北京100086 山东师范大学商学院济南250013 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所传染病预防控制国家重点实验室北京102206 清华大学建筑学院北京100084 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室环境与健康相关产品安全所北京102206 Energy institute University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK 南方科技大学统计与数据科学系深圳518055 香港大学建筑学院中国香港999077 世界卫生组织驻华代表处北京100600 Pollution Management Research Group EnergyClimateand Environment ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)Schlossplatz 1-A-2361 LaxenburgAustria Department of Health Sciences University of YorkYork YO105DDCanada 山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系济南250002 中国科学技术大学计算机科学与技术学院合肥230027 Department of Geography and the Environment University of North TexasDenton TX 76203-5017USA 清华大学环境学院北京100084 Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter EX12LUUK 山东大学气候变化与健康研究中心济南250002 institute for Global Health University College LondonLondon WC1H 0ALUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK 清华大学人文学院北京100084 北京航空航天大学经济与管理学院北京100083 香港科技大学(广州)信息枢纽人工智能学域广州511443 暨南大学环境与气候研究所广州510632 清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院北京100084 清华大学苏世民学院北京100084 清华大学体育学部北京100084 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室北京100029 香港大学地球科学系和地理系中国香港999077

随着中国总人口的不断增加以及改革开放以来经济的飞速发展,中国面临来自气候变化的健康威胁也在不断上升.与此同时,中国也处于一个独特的机遇窗口期,如果能够有效应对气候变化带来的健康风险,将造福今后几代人的健康.反之,如果没有及... 详细信息

随着中国总人口的不断增加以及改革开放以来经济的飞速发展,中国面临来自气候变化的健康威胁也在不断上升.与此同时,中国也处于一个独特的机遇窗口期,如果能够有效应对气候变化带来的健康风险,将造福今后几代人的健康.反之,如果没有及时、充分的应对措施,气候变化对中国居民健康和生命的威胁将与日俱增.为了推动更及时且有利于改善人群健康的气候应对行动,由清华大学牵头建立的柳叶刀倒计时亚洲中心在全球柳叶刀倒计时工作的基础上[1,2],从2020年开始,聚焦气候变化对中国人群健康的影响进行全面且系统的评估[3,4].

关键词：减缓气候变化人群健康柳叶刀居民健康窗口期倒计时应对措施把握机会

Recent advances in flexible photodetectors based on 1D nanostructures

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Journal of Semiconductors 2019年第11期40卷 13-29页

作者： Senpo Yip Lifan Shen Johnny C Ho Department of materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Shenzhen Research institute City University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China College of Microelectronics and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

Semiconductor nanowires have demonstrated excellent electronic and optoelectronic *** integrated into photodetectors,excellent device performance can be easily *** from the exceptional performance,these nanowires can also enable robust and mechanically flexible photodetectors for various advanced utilizations that the rigid counterparts cannot *** unique applications include personal healthcare,next-generation robotics and many *** this review,we would first discuss the nanowire fabrication techniques as well as the assembly methods of constructing largescale nanowire ***,the recent development of flexible photodetectors based on these different nanowire material systems is evaluated in *** the same time,we also introduce some recent advancement that allows individual photodetectors to integrate into a more complex system for advanced ***,a short conclusion and outlook of challenges faced in the future of the community is presented.

关键词： nanowires flexible photodetectors

High-Efficiency ITO-Free Polymer Solar Cells Based on PEDOT:PSS/Surfactant Bilayer Transparent Anodes

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High-Efficiency ITO-Free Polymer Solar Cells Based on PEDOT:...

河北安固里淖孢粉记录的晚冰期以来的植被演替与气候变化

第一届新型太阳能电池暨钙钛矿太阳能电池学术研讨会

作者： Shangfeng Yang Wenfeng Zhang Baofeng Zhao Zhicai He Xuemei Zhao Haitao Wang Hongbin Wu Yong Cao Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion & Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China (USTC) institute of Polymer Optoelectronic materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology

Polymer solar cells(PSCs) have emerged as a potential option to meet the growing need of renewable energy source. At present indium tin oxide(ITO) is the most popularly used transparent electrode material for anode in the conventional BHJ-PSC devices, which however suffers from several serious disadvantages such as the limited source of indium on earth, unsuitability for flexible electronic devices due to its high mechanical brittleness, and high preparative cost involved in sputtering, evaporation, pulsed laser deposition and electroplating etc. By spin-coating a surfactant layer, glycerol monostearate(GMS), atop poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) film, a PEDOT:PSS/surfactant bilayer film was prepared facilely and applied as the transparent anode for high-efficiency ITO-free bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell(BHJ-PSC) devices. A significant improvement of the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films(from *** to more than 1000 ***) was achieved by GMS modification and the highest conductivity reaches 1019 *** for Clevios PH 1000 under optimized spin-coating speed of GMS layer. The Clevios PH 1000/GMS bilayer film exhibits a sheet resistance of 98 Ω sq and a transparency of around 80% in the visible range, which are comparable to those of ITO fulfilling its fuction as the transparent anode. Using Clevios PH 1000/GMS bilayer films as the transparent anodes replacing ITO, high-efficiency ITO-free BHJ-PSC devices based on poly[N-9′′-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)(PCDTBT) blended with [6,6]-phenyl C-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM)(PCDTBT:PCBM) and thieno[3,4-b]-thiophene/benzodithiophene(PTB7):PCBM systems exhibit power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 5.90% and 7.06%, respectively, which are comparable to the corresponding devices based on the traditional ITO anode.

关键词： Polymer solar cells(PSCs) ITO-free PEDOT PSS surfactant conductivity

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第四纪研究 2018年第5期38卷 1203-1210页

作者：齐惠慧刘兴起李华淑李峻峰曹现勇 Ulrike Herzschuh 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院北京100048 中国科学院青藏高原研究所北京100101 Polar Terrestrial Environmentalsystems Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmhohz Association Telegraphenberg A43 14473 Potsdam Germany

河北安固里淖地处东南季风的边缘地区，是研究古气候环境演化的理想地区之一。文章以安固里淖的沉积岩芯（长18.4 m）为研究对象，利用AMS 14C测年和孢粉数据，重建了安固里淖湖区14.3 *** B.P.以来的植被与气候演化历史。结果表明：14.... 详细信息

河北安固里淖地处东南季风的边缘地区，是研究古气候环境演化的理想地区之一。文章以安固里淖的沉积岩芯（长18.4 m）为研究对象，利用AMS 14C测年和孢粉数据，重建了安固里淖湖区14.3 *** B.P.以来的植被与气候演化历史。结果表明：14.3~11.0 *** B.P.期间，湖区以疏林草原植被为主，气候偏干；11.0~6.0 *** B.P.以森林草原植被为主，气候湿润；6.0~3.2 *** B.P.以疏林草原植被为主，气候偏湿；3.2~0 *** B.P.以荒漠草原植被为主，气候干旱。总体而言，自晚冰期以来安固里淖的气候经历了由干变湿再逐渐变干的过程，全新世适宜期出现在早中全新世。通过区域对比发现，安固里淖揭示的晚冰期以来东南季风的气候演化特征与西南季风的演化具有很大的相似性，表明晚冰期以来东南季风与西南季风在轨道尺度上的演化并无太大差异，太阳辐射是二者演化的共同驱动力。

关键词：安固里淖孢粉晚冰期环境变化东南季风