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Spatial distributions of soil nutrients affected by land use,topography and their interactions,in the Loess Plateau of China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 227-239页

作者： Wenxin Zhou Changjia Li Wenwu Zhao Lindsay C.Stringer Bojie Fu State Key Laboratory of Earth surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina institute of land surface system and sustainable development Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Department of Environment and Geography University of YorkYorkUK York Environmental Sustainability institute University of YorkYorkUK

Soil nutrient availability and their spatial distributions are strongly related to land use and landscape morphology.This study aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the interaction between these factors and the underlying mechanisms.We selected five land uses(grassland with Artemisia gmelinii,woodland with Robinia pseudoacacia,shrubland with Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides,and apple orchard with Malus pumila)and nine slope positions across hillslopes in the Loess Plateau,China,to investigate their combined effects on the contents and stocks of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were conducted to determine the significant differences in the means or the medians of the soil nutrient variables.Results showed that the SOC and TN contents of shrubland with Caragana korshinskii were statistically significantly greater than those of the grassland(pland,woodland and shrublands,and on the contrary,an increasing trend from the upper slope,to the middle slope,and to the foot slope was identified for the apple orchard.This study highlights that land use,slope position and their interaction have significant effects on the spatial distributions of soil nutrients.It provides essential empirical evidence for the identification of the optimal vegetation type and slope positions in land management and vegetation restoration activities.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Total nitrogen Total phosphorus Slope position Vegetation restoration

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Quick and automatic detection of co-seismic landslides with multifeature deep learning model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2311-2325页

作者： Wenchao HUANGFU Haijun QIU Peng CUI Dongdong YANG Ya LIU Bingzhe TANG Zijing LIU Mohib ULLAH College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth surface system and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China institute of Earth surface system and Hazards Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China

Co-seismic landslide detection is essential for post-disaster rescue and risk assessment after an earthquake event.However,a variety of ground objects,including roads and bare land,have spectral characteristics similar to those of co-seismic landslides,making it difficult to gather information and assess their impact rapidly and accurately.Therefore,an automatic detection method based on a deep learning model,named ENVINet5,with multiple features(ENVINet5_MF)was proposed to solve this problem and improve the detection accuracy of co-seismic landslides.The ENVINet5_MF method is advantageous for co-seismic landslide detection because it features a landslide gain index(LGI)that effectively eliminates the spectral interference of bare land and roads.We conducted two experiments using multi-temporal PlanetScope images acquired in Hokkaido,Japan,and Mainling,China.The accuracy evaluation and rationality analysis show that ENVINet5_MF performed better than comparative methods and that the co-seismic landslide areas detected by ENVINet5_MF were the most consistent with ground reference data.The findings of this study suggest that ENVINet5_MF can provide an efficient and accurate method for coseismic landslide detection to ensure a rapid response to co-seismic landslide disasters.

关键词： Co-seismic landslide Automatic detection Deep learning landslide gain index PlanetScope images

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过去千年黄河中下游地区耕地覆被变化定量重建

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第5期34卷 921-941页

作者：杨帆张航何凡能王亚非周胜男董冠鹏 Key Research institute of Yellow River Civilization and sustainable development Henan UniversityKaifeng 475001HenanChina Key Laboratory of land surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

landscape in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China has un-dergone significant changes for thousands of years due to agricultural expansion.Lack of reliable long-term and high-resolution historical cropland data has limited our ability in un-derstanding and quantifying human impacts on regional climate change,carbon and water cycles.In this study,we used a data-driven modeling framework that combined multiple sources of data(historical provincial cropland area,historical coastlines,and satellite da-ta-based maximum cropland extent)with a new gridding allocation model for croplands dis-tribution to reconstruct a historical cropland dataset for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River at a 10-km resolution for 58 time points ranging from the period 1000 to 1999.The cropland area in the study area increased by 2.3 times from 21.87 million ha in 1000 to 50.64 million ha in 1999.Before 1393,the area of cropland increased slowly and was pri-marily concentrated in the Weihe and Fenhe plains.From 1393-1820,the area of cropland increased rapidly,particularly on the North China Plain.Since 1820,cropland cover has tended to become saturated.Our newly reconstructed results agreed well with remotely sensed data as well as historical document-based facts regarding cropland distribution.

关键词： land use/cover change gridding allocation cropland cover last millennium

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Research progress in assessment and strategies for sustainable food system within planetary boundaries

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 375-386页

作者： Minglei WANG Wenjiao SHI Key Laboratory of land surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Meeting the increasing food demand in a manner that ensures both resources and environmental sustainability poses a global challenge.The conceptual framework of planetary boundaries(PBs)has emerged as a crucial reference in the study of sustainable food system,with specific focuses on key dimensions such as land use change,freshwater use,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)cycles,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.In this study,we summarized the threshold applications of PBs in sustainable food system research at both the global and national(China)scales.Based on these thresholds,we evaluated the sustainability conditions of the food system,considering resources such as cropland,freshwater,N and P applications,as well as environmental impacts including N and P losses,and GHG emissions.In addition,we explored the impacts of single or combined management strategies on sustainable food systems.These strategies included dietary changes,improvements in technologies and management,reductions in food loss and waste,and optimization in agricultural production distribution.Finally,we outlined future research directions in sustainable food system,including enhancing research on the interaction mechanisms among PBs elements within food systems,conducting downscaling studies of PBs elements at national and regional levels,and ensuring the rationality of policy-making for sustainable food systems in China.This study can provide a theoretical foundation and strategies guidance for sustainable food system and agricultural land use management in the future both globally and in China.

关键词： Food system Resource use Environmental impacts sustainable strategy Planetary boundaries

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More catastrophic flow events may follow the Chamoli rock and ice avalanche under climate change

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Haijun Qiu Ya Liu Bingzhe Tang Ninglian Wang Jiading Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth surface system and Environmental Carrying Capacity College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University institute of Earth surface system and Hazards Northwest University State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University

0 INTRODUCTION Global warming not only exacerbates the instability of the climate system， causing more weather extremes but also has far-reaching impacts on surface systems， changing disaster environments (Qiu et al.， 2024; Ye et al.， 2024). The key medium between climate warming and the mountain environment is the cryosphere， whose recession increases the occurrence of chain disasters such as rock-ice avalanches and other flow events (Yang et al.， 2023). These catastrophic flow events also show an upslope migration trend to high altitudes (Giacona et al.， 2021).

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Evaluation and Projection of Population Exposure to Temperature Extremes over the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei Region Using a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model RegCM4 Ensemble

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1132-1146页

作者： Peihua QIN Zhenghui XIE Rui HAN Buchun LIU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China institute of Environment and sustainable development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China

Temperature extremes over rapidly urbanizing regions with high population densities have been scrutinized due to their severe impacts on human safety and economics.First of all,the performance of the regional climate model RegCM4 with a hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic dynamic core in simulating seasonal temperature and temperature extremes was evaluated over the historical period of 1991–99 at a 12-km spatial resolution over China and a 3-km resolution over the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei(JJJ)region,a typical urban agglomeration of China.Simulations of spatial distributions of temperature extremes over the JJJ region using RegCM4 with hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic cores showed high spatial correlations of more than 0.8 with the observations.Under a warming climate,temperature extremes of annual maximum daily temperature(TXx)and summer days(SU)in China and the JJJ region showed obvious increases by the end of the 21st century while there was a general reduction in frost days(FD).The ensemble of RegCM4 with different land surface components was used to examine population exposure to temperature extremes over the JJJ region.Population exposure to temperature extremes was found to decrease in 2091−99 relative to 1991−99 over the majority of the JJJ region due to the joint impacts of increases in temperature extremes over the JJJ and population decreases over the JJJ region,except for downtown areas.Furthermore,changes in population exposure to temperature extremes were mainly dominated by future population changes.Finally,we quantified changes in exposure to temperature extremes with temperature increase over the JJJ region.This study helps to provide relevant policies to respond future climate risks over the JJJ region.

关键词： CMIP6 convection-permitting population exposure RegCM4 temperature extremes

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Study on the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and heat source characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 117-133页

作者： Yujie LI Xiaoqing GAO Yaoming MA Zeyong HU Zhenchao LI Liwei YANG Xiao JIN Xiyin ZHOU Key Laboratory of land surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions of Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology Tianjin Institute of Meteorological ScienceTianjin 300074China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

There are many types of atmospheric heat engines in land-air systems.The accurate definition,calculation and interpretation of the efficiency of atmospheric heat engines are key to understanding energy transfer and transformation of landair systems.The atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)in summer can be regarded as a positive heat engine.The study of the heat engine efficiency is helpful to better understand land-air interaction and thermal-dynamic processes on the QTP.It also provides a new perspective to explain the impact of the QTP on the climate of China,East Asia and even the world.In this paper,we used MOD08 and ERA5 reanalysis data to calculate the atmospheric heat engine efficiency,surface heat source and atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer(May to September)from 2000 to 2020.The average atmospheric heat engine efficiency on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 varies between 1.2%and 1.5%,which is less than 1.6%;the heat engine efficiency in summer is higher than that in June,July and August;the Qaidam Basin is the region with the highest atmospheric heat engine efficiency,followed by the western QTP.The mean surface heat source on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 is 96.0 W m^(−2),the atmospheric heat source is 90.7 W m^(−2),and the release of precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.There is a strong and significant positive correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the surface heat source on the QTP in summer.The precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source in summer and can reflect the precipitation process.There is a strong and significant negative correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Climate change land-air system Atmospheric heat engine Heat source on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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A new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization in the Hengduan Mountains Region

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 751-768页

作者： Xueqin ZHANG Xiaoming XU Xiang LI Peng CUI Du ZHENG Key Laboratory of land surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The Hengduan Mountains Region(HMR) is essential for the future ecological protection, clean energy production,Sichuan-Xizang and Yunnan-Xizang railways, and other major infrastructure projects in China. The distributions of climate and vegetation exhibit significant regional differentiation and vertical zonality due to the rugged longitudinal ranges and gorges and the complex disaster-prone environments in HMR. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the climate-vegetation regionalization in HMR to effectively satisfy the national requirements such as agricultural production and ecological protection, mountain disaster risk prevention, and major project construction. We here develop a new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization with the latest demarcation outcome of HMR, the ground observation from 122 meteorological stations in HMR and its surrounding areas during 1990–2019, and the high-precision remote sensing data of land cover types. The new scheme first constructs the regionalization index system, fully considering the extraordinarily complicated geomorphic pattern of mountains and valleys, the scarcity of meteorological observations, and the remarkable differentiation of climate and vegetation in HMR. The system consists of three primary regionalization indices(i.e., days with daily average temperature steady above 10°C, aridity index, and main vegetation types, dividing the temperature zones, moisture regions, and vegetation subregions, respectively) and three auxiliary indices of the accumulated temperature above 10°C, and the temperatures in January and July. Then, the HMR is divided into five temperature zones, 20 moisture regions, and 55 vegetation subregions. Compared with previous regionalization schemes, the new scheme optimizes the climate spatial interpolation model of thin plate smoothing spline suitable for the unique terrain in HMR. Moreover, the disputed division index threshold between different climatic zones(regions) is scientifically clarified using geographical detectors. Specifically, t

关键词： Climate-vegetation regionalization Thin plate smoothing spline(TPSS) GeoDetector Stepwise downscaling pane division method Hengduan Mountains Region

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A Preliminary Study on the Rural land system Reform in the Context of Rural Revitalization

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第6期16卷 5-10页

作者： Jinrong YANG Yimei HE Zisheng YANG Linlin CAO institute of land Resources and sustainable development Yunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunming 650221China School of Tourism and Hotel Management Yunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunming 650221China

With the deepening of reform and opening up,the rural land system has experienced the evolution from contracting to transfer to the current rural revitalization strategy,and has always been closely linked to the well-being of farmers and the vigorous development of the rural economy.The reform of this system is not only a key driving force for rural economic development,but also an important cornerstone for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.Through in-depth analysis of the connotation of rural revitalization and rural land system reform,this study discusses in detail the internal dynamic mechanism of rural land system reform driving rural revitalization,and comprehensively analyzes the current implementation of rural land system reform.On this basis,this study puts forward the strategic concept of promoting the rural land system reform in the context of rural revitalization.Studies have shown that the rural land system reform has mainly played a positive role in the following four aspects in promoting rural revitalization:providing a solid material foundation for rural revitalization,optimizing the allocation of rural resources,promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural industrial structure,and promoting rural social harmony and stability.In the context of the current rural revitalization,the rural land system reform is undoubtedly one of the core issues of China s rural development.In order to further improve this system,we need to continue to optimize and innovate the rural land transfer system,the homestead reform system,and the rural collective construction land market entry system.

关键词： Rural revitalization land system Reform Rural economy

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Influence of Transportation Accessibility on Urban-rural Income Disparity and Its Spatial Heterogeneity

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第3期34卷 453-467页

作者： HUANG Xiaoyan KANG Chenchen YIN Chun TANG Junqing Northwest land and Resources Research Center Global Regional and Urban Research InstituteShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China International institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health(ISLE) Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Urban Planning and Design Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Earth surface system and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Transportation accessibility has been treated as an important means of reducing the urban-rural income disparity.However,only a few studies have examined the effects of different types of transportation accessibility on urban-rural income disparity and their spatial heterogeneity.Based on data from 285 prefecture-level(and above)Chinese cities in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,this study uses spatial econometric models to examine how highway accessibility and railway accessibility influence the urban-rural income disparity and to identify their spatial heterogeneity.The result reveals that highway accessibility and railway accessibility have‘coreperiphery’ring-like circle structures.The urban-rural income disparity exhibits strong spatial clustering effects.Both highway accessibility and railway accessibility are negatively associated with urban-rural income disparity,and the former having a greater effect size.Moreover,there is a substitution effect between highway accessibility and railway accessibility in the whole sample.Furthermore,these associations differ in geographic regions.In the central region,highway accessibility is more important in reducing the urban-rural income disparity,but its effect is weakened with the increase of railway accessibility.In the western region,railway accessibility has a larger effect on narrowing the urban-rural income disparity,and this effect is strengthened by the increase of highway accessibility.We conclude that improving transportation accessibility is conducive to reducing the urban-rural income disparity but its effect is spatial heterogenetic.Highways and railways should be developed in a coordinated manner to promote an integrated transport network system.

关键词： transport accessibility income gap regional divergence spatial heterogeneity urban and rural areas China

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