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Understanding the sluggish and highly variable transport kinetics of lithium ions in LiFePO_4

Science China Chemistry 2023年第11期66卷 3297-3306页

作者： Youcheng Hu Xiaoxiao Wang Peng Li Junxiang Chen Shengli Chen Hubei Electrochemical Power Sources Key Laboratory Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China

LiFePO_(4),one of the mainstream cathode materials of current EV batteries,exhibits experimental diffusion coefficients(D_(c))of Li^(+)which are not only several orders of magnitude lower than those predicted by the ionic hopping barriers obtained from theoretical calculations and spectroscopic measurements,but also span several orders from 10^(-14)to 10^(-18)cm^(2)s^(-1)under different states of charge(SOC)and the charging rates(C-rates).Atomic level understanding of such sluggishness and diversity of Li^(+)transport kinetics would be of significance in improving the rate performance of LiFePO_(4)through material and operation optimization but remain ***,we show that the high sensitivity of Li^(+)hopping barriers on the local Li–Li coordination environments(numbers and configurations)plays a key role in the ion transport *** is due a neural network-based deep potential(DP)which allows accurate and efficient calculation of hopping barriers of Li^(+)in LiFePO_(4)with various Li–Li coordination environments,with which the kinetic Monte-Carlo(KMC)method was employed to determine the D_(c)values at various C-rates and SOC across a broad ***,an accelerated KMC simulation strategy is proposed to obtain the D_(c)values under a wide range of SOC at low C-rates,which agree well with that obtained from the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT).The present study provides accurate descriptions of Li^(+)transport kinetics at both very high and low C-rates,which remains challenging to experiments and first-principles calculations,***,it is revealed that the gradient distributions of Li^(+)density along the diffusion path result in great asymmetry in the barriers of the forward and backward hopping,causing very slow diffusion of Li^(+)and the diverse variation of D_(c).

关键词： lithium iron phosphate diffusion coefficient machine-learning potential kinetic Monte Carlo simulations

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Surface Structure of Aged Composite Insulator Studied by Slow Positron beam

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(materials Science) 2019年第5期34卷 1008-1012页

作者： PENG Xiangyang FANG Pengfei Department of Physics and Hubei Nuclear-Solid Physics Key Laboratory Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Electric Power research institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. LtdGuangzhou 510080China

Slow positron beam was applied to study the depth profile structure of the virgin and the aged high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber(HTV). Scanning electron microscope(SEM) images show that the surface of virgin sample is smooth, while the outdoor aged samples are all rough. According to the S(E) curves obtained by slow positron beam, in a depth of more than 1 μm, the S parameter of the sample aged at low-potential side keeps the same value with the virgin one;while the S values of the highpotential side aged sample remain rather low in a depth of about 5 μm. Thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA) results show that the sample in high potential side contains more inorganic constituents than that of other samples. The results are attributed to the strong electric field induced corona aging at high potential side of the composite insulator.

关键词： high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber(HTV) composite insulator slow positron beam

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Effect of HIP Treatment on Fatigue Notch Sensitivity of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Electron beam Melting

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第7期32卷 869-875页

作者： Tao Sun Yan Liu Shu-Jun Li Jian-Ping Li State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China College of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China Titanium Alloy Laboratory Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016. China

The effect of hot isostatic pressing(HIP)treatment on the fatigue notch sensitivity of Ti-6A1-4V alloy fabricated by electron beam melting(EBM)was *** results indicate that the fatigue notch sensitivity of the as-fabricated samples is much lower than that of HIPed *** variation of α lamella thickness and the distribution of pore defects have an effect on the fatigue strength in smooth and notched EBM Ti-6A1-4V samples,resulting in the divergence of the as-fabricated and HIPed samples on fatigue notch sensitivity.

关键词： Electron beam melting Ti-6Al-4V Fatigue notch sensitivity α Lamella Pores

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NMR Studies on Diffusion and Molecular Motions of Imidazolium ionic Liquids doped by Lithium Salts Related to ionic Conductivity and Computational Interaction Energy

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2007年第5期46卷 671-页

作者： Kikuko Hayamizua Seiji Tsuzuki Shiro Seki National institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST Tsukuba Center 5 Tsukuba 305-8565Japan materials Science research Laboratory Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) Iwado-kitaKomaeTokyo 201-8511Japan

1 Results Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are special class of compounds, where a combination of cations and anions produces neutral, stable and viscous liquids with high ionic conductivity. Widely spread applications are proposed to use conductors, electrolytes, clean solvents and others. Especially, RTILs are expected to be safe electrolytes in the ion-lithium batteries. In this study, NMR methods are used to clarify the basic properties of the individual movements of the anions and cations of ...

关键词： NMR imidazolium ionic liquid lithium salts

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Heat Flux on EAST Divertor Plate in H-mode with LHCD/LHCD+NBI

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第9期34卷 66-69页

作者： Bo Shi[[ Zhen-Dong Yang Bin Zhang Cheng Yang Kai-Fu Gan Mei-Wen Chen Jin-Hong Yang Hui Zhang Jun-Li Qi Xian-Zu Gong Xiao-Dong Zhang Wei-Hua Wang institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 Science Island Branch of Graduate School University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230031 institute of Applied Physics Army Officer Academy Hefei 230031 Teaching and research Department of Physics Tongling University Tongling 244000

Based on the surface temperature measured by the infrared camera on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST）, the heat fluxes on the lower outer divertor target plate during H-mode with the lower-hybrid wave current drive （LHCD） only and with the LHCD combined with the neutral beam injection （NBI） are calculated by the DFLUX code and compared. The analyzed discharges are lower single null divertor configuration discharges. In the case with the LHCD only （Ip ~ 400kA, PLHCD ~ 2 MW）, ELM-free appears after L-H transition with the peak heat flux on the lower outer target plate less than 1 MW/m2. However, there is no ELM- free appearing after the L-H transition in the case with the LHCD＋NBI （Ip ~ 300 kA, PLHCD ＋ PNBI ~ 2 MW）. The results show that the peak heat fluxes on the lower outer target plate in the LHCD＋NBI H-mode cases are larger than those in the LHCD H-mode under the similar auxiliary heating power. This is because the heat flux profiles of the lower outer target plate as a function of plate location in ELMing with the LHCD＋NBI are narrower than those with the LHCD only. The results are consistent with the results in terms of the scrape-off layer width observed in the EAST.

关键词： Heat Flux on EAST Divertor Plate in H-mode with LHCD/LHCD+NBI

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Fast dual-beam alignment method for stimulated emission depletion microscopy using aggregation-induced emission dye resin

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Chinese Optics Letters 2022年第11期20卷 90-94页

作者： Miao Zhao Fengming Liu Yang Yu Xinjun Guo Hao Ruan Jing Wen Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic materials and Devices Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Center of materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Center for Protein Science Shanghai Shanghai 200120China Engineering research Center of Optical Instrument and Systems Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical SystemUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

A stimulated emission depletion is capable of breaking the diffraction limit by exciting fluorescent molecules with a solid Gaussian beam and quenching the excited molecules with another donut beam through stimulated *** coincidence degree of these two beams in three dimensions will significantly influence the spatial resolution of the ***,the conventional alignment approach based on raster scanning of gold nanoparticles by the two laser beams separately suffers from a mismatch between fluorescence and scattering *** circumvent the above problems,we demonstrate a fast alignment design by scanning the second beam over the fabricated sample,which is made of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)dye *** relative positions of solid and donut laser beams can be represented by the fluorescent AIE from the labeled spots in the dye *** design achieves ultra-high resolutions of 22 nm in the x/y relative displacement and 27 nm in the z relative displacement for fast spatial matching of the two laser *** study has potential applications in scenarios that require the spatial matching of multiple laser beams,and the field of views of different objectives,for example,in a microscope with high precision.

关键词： nanophotonics stimulated emission depletion microscope aggregation-induced emission dual-beam alignment

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Mechanical design of the horizontal collimator for HEPS storage ring

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第4期6卷 451-459页

作者： Liuxu Zong Haijing Wang Chunhua Li Huamin Qu Lei Wu Zihao Wang Yaliang Zhao Guangyi Tang Hao Yang Na Wang Haoyu Shi institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Beijing research institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology GroupBeijing 100083China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China

Background Horizontal collimators in the storage ring of high energy photon source(HEPS)are used to localize the majority of the particle loss,making it possible to set local ***,movable jaws of the collimators are also designed as beam dumps for the machine protection,to absorb and scatter the mis-steered *** of the compact lattice,each collimator should be installed between the limited space of 240 mm in the beam *** is necessary for the collimators to have good thermal dissipation ability to endure the synchrotron radiation and HOM load,as well as good resistance to thermal-shock from sudden beam loss simultaneously,which brings great challenges to the *** The purpose of this paper is to introduce the designing scheme of the collimators in HEPS,including the structure design and the analyses of the key *** Thermal and mechanical calculation has been done,based on which the jaw structure has been ***,the modal analysis of the whole magnet-collimator-support assembly has been studied to optimize the shields *** Graphite will be used as the tip for movable jaws in the collimators,which is attached to copper by vacuum *** maximum temperature of the jaw during normal operation is 131°C,while maximum stress of the graphite–copper weld joint is 15.6 *** tip can resist thermal shock caused by whole mis-steered *** frequency of the standard assembly is acceptable for *** The results of calculations indicate that the present structure can work well for considered operating modes.

关键词： Collimator Structural design Finite element method(FEM)

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research on Electro-Magnetic Environment of UHV Transmission Lines

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Electricity 2005年第3期16卷 42-46页

作者： Wu Guifang Lu Jiayu Shao Fangyin Ye Qing China Electric Power research institute 不详

Employing even higher voltage level to promote power transmission economy is an important subject in the program of power transmission from west to east. The influence of electro-magnetic environment of transmission project being closely related with human health and construction cost has to be seriously considered before advancing transmission voltage. This paper analyzes and discusses overseas and domestic research achievements on radio interference, audible noise, power frequency electric field, power frequency magnetic fields, DC resultant field intensity and ion stream involved in power transmission at ultra-high-voltage (UHV)AC and ± 800 kV DC or even higher voltage levels. Suggestions on limiting electro-magnetic effects and their ceiling value as well as measures to improve electro-magnetic environment are put forward.

关键词： electro-magnetic environment power transmission DC UHV

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High-surface-area titanium nitride nanosheets as zinc anode coating for dendrite-free rechargeable aqueous batteries

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Science China materials 2022年第7期65卷 1771-1778页

作者： Qiyang Jiao Tianpei Zhou Nan Zhang Shihao Liu Qingyuan Huang Wentuan Bi Wangsheng Chu Xiaojun Wu Yongchun Zhu Yuan Feng Changzheng Wu School of Chemistry and materials Science CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230031China School of Physics and materials Engineering Hefei Normal UniversityHefei 230601China

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have become attractive energy storage devices,owing to their high energy density,low cost,and environmental ***,the stability of the zinc-metal anode has been retarded by dendrites and side reactions during the cycling process,limiting its practical application in secondary *** this work,porous titanium nitride(TiN)nanosheets with a high surface area are demonstrated as a multiplefunction anode coating to realize long-term dendrite-free *** TiN nanosheets with the features of high specific surface area and metallic properties optimize electron conduction and zinc-ion flux,lowering the polarization on the electrode *** this way,the TiN-coated zinc electrodes exhibit a long cycle performance for more than 600 h without any dendrite *** addition,the full AZIB assembly based on the TiN-coated zinc electrode has a stable cycling performance for over 600 cycles with 97.04%capacity *** work expands applications of the inorganic porous materials as protective layers in high-energy battery systems.

关键词： porous titanium nitride zinc dendrites coating aqueous zinc-ion battery

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SELF-PINCHING AND FILAMENT EFFECT OF INTENSE PULSED ELECTRON beamS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1985年第9期30卷 1163-1165页

作者：江兴流陈克凡姜松川 institute of Nuclear research Lanzhou University Lanzhou

As pulsed electron beam generators are useful to the material studies, inertial confinement fusion reaction, generation of pulsed X-rays, microwaves and the collective ion acceleration, it is necessary to know the transport behaviour of the pulsed electron beam passing through the neutral gases. Experimental results show that the propagation of an intense e-beam in the neutral gases with low pressure is dominated by

关键词： gases dominated acceleration collective intense behaviour confinement neutral pulsed inertial

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