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Establishing a mechanism for international cooperation for Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water monitoring

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2024年第1期22卷 20-33页

作者： Shumei Yue Xiaodi Yang School of international law Southwest University of Political Science&LawChongqing 401120China

The Japanese government’s unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety *** the unclear contaminated water is a starting point to combat these risks and seek remedies for the rights and interests of all concerned *** establishment of a mechanism for international cooperation in this respect is necessary to handle the risks of the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water and to lay the foundation of a framework for tackling any future disposal of nuclear-contaminated water following Japan’s *** present,the international legal systems in the spheres of nuclear safety and security,marine environmental protection,and other areas,as well as the questioning of the monitoring reports of the international Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)by the relevant parties,the monitoring practices of historical nuclear accidents,and numerous radioactivity monitoring mechanisms have provided the institutional and practical basis for constructing such a *** mechanism can be promoted by the IAEA through its existing mechanisms or be jointly initiated by China,the Russian Federation,the Republic of Korea,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,and the Pacific Island countries,among other ***,this mechanism should consist of three levels:first,the framework of the basic legal system,including the cooperative principles of national sovereignty,interest-relatedness,and procedural fairness,and the signing of the Framework Convention on the Monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water and its Optional Protocol;second,the organizational structure and its responsibilities,which may include the Conference of Parties as the decision-making body,the Secretariat as the central coordinating body,and the monitoring committees in various fields as specific implementing agencies;and third,specific administrative arrangements,which involve the

关键词： Nuclear safety Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water Nuclear-contaminated water monitoring Mechanism for international cooperation

Promoting *** education cooperation:challenges,opportunities and recommendations

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第2期35卷 264-274页

作者： HE Liu SHAN Yanyan LIU Feichao China National institute for SCO international Exchange and Judicial Cooperation Shanghai University of Political Science and LawShanghai 201701China Polar Research institute of China Shanghai 200136China law School Shanghai University of Political Science and LawShanghai 201701China

Arctic education refers not only to the teaching,but also to research,communication,dissemination as well as popularization of knowledge related to the *** article reviews joint efforts between Chinese and American educators and researchers to promote cooperation and understanding in Arctic education and research,and examines the facing challenges of *** education cooperation which include current political or economic tensions between the two countries,the differing perspectives and priorities on Arctic policy,the disproportion in Arctic scientific research,different research methodologies and discourse system in social *** article also argues that there are opportunities for the two countries to cooperate in Arctic *** goals and interests in the Arctic,Arctic-dedicated institutions with significant Arctic research capabilities and partnerships around the world provide foundations for Arctic education *** implementation of a new science-based Arctic treaty of the Arctic Council is an opportunity for *** education *** for future cooperation,it suggests that in addition to promoting the direct bilateral cooperation,cooperation within international cooperation platforms and mechanisms,especially within the Arctic Council also needs to be further promoted.

关键词： China-U.S.relations Arctic education international cooperation Arctic policy

Comparative Analysis and Legal Reflection on the Boundaries of Human Rights Due Diligence in the Supply Chain

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The Journal of Human Rights 2024年第2期23卷 393-419页

作者：王惠茹 CHEN Feng(Translated) institute of international law Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 不详

As global supply chains become increasingly lengthy and complex, human rights due diligence in the supply chain is becoming a controversial focal point in the accountability of multinational corporations. In recent years, legislative practices in the field of human rights due diligence have shown a trend from voluntary soft law toward mandatory hard law, and from corporate due diligence for their own operations towards extended due diligence for the entire supply chain. However, there is a divergence in national practices regarding the extent to which human rights due diligence should extend along the supply chain and the manner in which it should be incorporated into domestic legal policies. international soft law interpretations surrounding the boundaries of human rights due diligence in the supply chain are decentralized, posing risks of interpretation diversification, boundary blurring, and procedural formalization, as well as risks of misinterpretation and misuse. Meanwhile, some countries and regions are vigorously promoting mandatory legislation on human rights due diligence in the supply chain, which has profound implications for the stability of global supply chains and the international economic and trade order. Against this backdrop, it is crucial to explore the reasonable boundaries of human rights due diligence in the supply chain. Instead of applying a one-size-fits-all approach,the rationality of legal factors and the complexity of practical factors should be considered, applying context-specific measures based on the varying degrees of linkage between companies and negative human rights impacts in the supply chain. China should be particularly wary of the “chilling effect” of mandatory legislation on human rights due diligence in the supply chain, attaching great importance to national supply chain security and international supply chain ***,China should actively promote the implementation of voluntary human rights due dilige

关键词： business and human rights human rights due diligence supply chain international soft law mandatory due diligence

Challenges and countermeasures for developing countries in addressing loss and damage caused by climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 353-363页

作者： Shuo LIU Yu-E LI Bin WANG An-Dong CAI Chao FENG Hua LAN Ruo-Chen ZHAO institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China China Clean Development Mechanism Fund Management Center Beijing 100045China School of international law China University of Political Science and LawBeijing 100088China

Loss and damage caused by extreme climate events have attracted increasing *** 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter referred to as the Convention)has agreed to adopt Loss and Damage Fund agreement,which identified the source of funding and the funds to be entrusted to the World ***,there is still ambiguous that how to allocate the funds could accelerate the effectiveness of meeting the needs for developing ***-disaster prevention and preparedness is one of the most effective measures to deal with loss and damage,which closely related to *** studies rarely analyzed quantitatively the financial needs of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness relating to adaptation to reduce loss and *** on the official reports submitted by countries under the Convention,this study analyzes the annual change in the total financial support provided by developed countries to developing countries,the proportion of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness in the adaptation needs of developing countries,and the progress in raising the current annual funding target of 100 billion USD for developed countries,to reveal the financial and technical challenges facing by developing countries on addressing loss and *** results show that by 2030,the total adaptation financial needs of developing countries are estimated to be about 3.8 trillion USD,of which pre-disaster prevention matters account for about 9%.Therefore,by 2030,developing countries will need about 342 billion USD in pre-disaster prevention and preparedness finance to withstand loss and *** addition,developing countries face a lack of technical methods to quantify information about their *** on the above analysis,this study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions,including strengthening the allocation amount of loss and damage fund on pre-disaster warning,prevention and control actions,and

关键词： Loss and damage Funding mechanism Pre-disaster warning and preparedness Convention negotiations Countermeasures

The Hierarchy of Distribution in Private law

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Social Sciences in China 2024年第2期45卷 29-48页

作者： Xie Hongfei institute of law Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

In terms of the theory of the three hierarchies of distribution in economics,private law can be seen as embodying a 2.5th *** distribution confers equal objective rights on all private agents,who acquire subjective rights through de facto and de jure *** legal environment should be conducive to unleashing the energy and creativity of agents,supporting entrepreneurs,safeguarding competitive neutrality and promoting the mobility of factors of production in order to consolidate the material foundation of common *** changes the rules of primary distribution and is an inherent and rightful function of private *** equalizing the strengths and weaknesses of the interactions of private agents,redistribution is better able to promote self-determination and defend human dignity than public ***,it enables private law to achieve the national goals of enhancing social welfare and reducing confrontation in the operation of *** law lies between redistribution and tertiary distribution,occupying the 2.5th *** most typical expression is"interference liability,"i.e.,justified harm inflicted in cases of necessity(Aufopferungshaftung).This includes the expansion of the social liability of profitmaking legal persons,the expansion of tort liability,and the limitation of the return of *** law enables distributive justice to serve as a common basis for the various hierarchies of distribution,incorporating the different values of private law and weighting them differently depending on the *** justice can also help to transform all private law rules into laws of nature,thus highlighting the neutrality of private law.

关键词： private law primary distribution redistribution distributive justice corrective justice liability for justified harm inflicted in cases of necessity

Unearthing old rice germplasm,illuminating a new way to improvement

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1041-1043页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Ramaiah Venuprasad Ajay Kohli international Rice Research institute Metro ManilaPhilippines

We are on the cusp of a new era,with the global pop-ulation surpassing 8 billion,and over half relying on riceas their staple food(Sasaki and Burr,2000).Despite thisgrowing demand,rice yield per unit has seemingly plateauedfor many years(Song et al.,2022).This stagnation raisesserious concerns about future global food security,especiallyconsidering the shrinking arable land in many countries.

关键词： germplasm plateau spite

Recent progress about transmission electron microscopy characterizations on lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 39-56,I0002页

作者： Yihang Liu Qiuyun Li Ziqiang Wang institute of Materials Research Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518000GuangdongChina

With the rapid development of portable electronics,new energy vehicles,and smart grids,ion batteries are becoming one of the most widely used energy storage devices,while the safety concern of ion batteries has always been an urgent problem to be *** develop a safety-guaranteed battery,the characterization of the internal structure is indispensable,where electron microscopy plays a crucial *** on this,this paper summarizes the application of transmission electron microscopy(TEM)in battery safety,further concludes and analyzes the aspects of dendrite growth and solid electrolyte interface(SEI)formation that affect the safety of ion batteries,and emphasizes the importance of electron microscopy in battery safety research and the potential of these techniques to promote the future development of this *** advanced electron microscopy techniques and their prospects are also discussed.

关键词： Electron microscopy characterizations Lithium-ion batteries Dendrites SEI

Hydrologic Response to Future Climate Change in the Dulong-Irra-waddy River Basin Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第2期34卷 294-310页

作者： XU Ziyue MA Kai YUAN Xu HE Daming institute of international Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Yunnan Key Laboratory of international Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security Kunming 650500China

Within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor(CMEC),the Dulong-Ir-rawaddy(Ayeyarwady)River,an international river among China,India and Myanmar,plays a significant role as both a valuable hydro-power resource and an essential ecological ***,the water resources and security exhibit a high degree of vulnerabil-ity to climate change *** research evaluates climate impacts on the hydrology of the Dulong-Irrawaddy River Basin(DIRB)by using a physical-based hydrologic *** crafted future climate scenarios using the three latest global climate models(GCMs)from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6(CMIP6)under two shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)for the near(2025-2049),mid(2050-2074),and far future(2075-2099).The regional model using MIKE SHE based on historical hydrologic processes was developed to further project future streamflow,demonstrating reliable performance in streamflow simulations with a val-idation Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE)of *** showed that climate change projections showed increases in the annual precip-itation and potential evapotranspiration(PET),with precipitation increasing by 11.3%and 26.1%,and PET increasing by 3.2%and 4.9%,respectively,by the end of the century under SSP2-4.5 and *** changes are projected to result in increased annual streamflow at all stations,notably at the basin’s outlet(Pyay station)compared to the baseline period(with an increase of 16.1%and 37.0%at the end of the 21st century under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively).Seasonal analysis for Pyay station forecasts an in-crease in dry-season streamflow by 31.3%-48.9%and 22.5%-76.3%under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively,and an increase in wet-season streamflow by 5.8%-12.6%and 2.8%-33.3%,***,the magnitude and frequency of flood events are pre-dicted to escalate,potentially impacting hydropower production and food security *** res

关键词： climate change hydrologic response Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6(CMIP6) MIKE SHE(Système Hydrologique Europeén) Dulong-Irrawaddy River Basin

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A Vibrant Society

ChinAfrica 2024年第3期16卷 18-19页

作者： LIU HUAWEN the institute of international law Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences

Xinjiang embarks on the path towards high-quality development with local characteristics,ituated in northwest China,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is the largest provincial region in terms of land area and is endowed with rich *** is also known as a champion of China’s reform and opening-up,the core of Silk Road Economic Belt,and a springboard for China’s greater *** a microcosm of the Chinese society that is pursuing greater and faster development,Xinjiang has achieved high-quality growth in its own way.

关键词： Xinjiang faster northwest