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Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond

贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-5页

作者： Chen Shu Rodewald Lance E. Heng Du Anna Tang Shenglan ARC Centre of Excellence in Population ageing Research (CEPAR) University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of the National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Immunization Program China CDC Beijing China China Country Office Bill &amp Melinda Gates Foundation Beijing China Duke Global Health institute Duke University Durham NC USA Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University No. Duke Avenue Kunshan Jiangsu China SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health institute Duke-NUS Singapore Singapore

Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China’s National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy. This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research *** findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage, particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and rotavirus vaccines. Key findings include: (i) The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid, large-scale immunization efforts, suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements; (ii) Efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access; (iii) The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles; (iv) Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage, especially for remote areas and marginalized populations; (v) Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’ knowledge, health workers’ financial incentives, and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates; (vi) Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and g

关键词： National Immunization Program New vaccine introduction Universal vaccine coverage Health system strengthening

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Vascular endothelial growth factor:a double-edged sword in the development of white matter lesions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 191-192页

作者： Narek Manukjan Daniel Fulton Zubair Ahmed WMatthijs Blankesteijn Sébastien Foulquier Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands

As the population ages,the burden of age-related diseases becomes ***,over 55 million people suffer from dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common ***,it is becoming clearer that underlying vascular pathology such as cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)may be a more detrimental cause for dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).It is estimated that 10%-30%of the elderly population and 35%-90%of all dementia patients exhibit signs of *** term cSVD refers to pathology affecting the small vessels of the brain,which can lead to lacunar cerebral infarcts,enlarged perivascular spaces,and cortical hemorrhages(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).CSVD is often associated with cognitive decline,gait problems,and dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).

关键词： pathology becoming white

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Promoting higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China: challenges and recommendations for action

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 74-84页

作者： Jiuling Li Shu Chen dwin Asturias Shenglan Tang Fuqiang Cui Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanJiangsuChina ARC Centre of Excellence in Population ageing Research(CEPAR) Universityof New SouthWalesSydneyAustralia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA Center for Global Health Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA Duke Global Health institute Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health institute Duke-NUSSingaporeSingapore Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Vaccine Research Center School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social ***,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combina-tion *** reviewing and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data,in this commentary we identify gaps and challenges to combination vaccine use and make recommendations for promoting use of higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in *** are in four dimensions:(1)legislation and regulation,(2)immunization schedule design,(3)vaccine awareness and price,and(4)research and development *** optimize the use of combination vaccines to reduce vaccine-preventable disease burden,we make recommendations that address key challenges:(1)develop policies and regulations to strengthen enforcement of the Vaccine Administration Law and remove regulatory hurdles that hinder combination vaccine research and development,(2)establish an evi-dence-informed policy-making mechanism for combination vaccines,(3)resolve immunization schedule conflicts between monovalent and combination vaccines,and(4)implement effective interventions to increase vaccine awareness and reduce price.

关键词： Combination vaccine National immunization program Childhood immunization Vaccine-preventable disease

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Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer’s disease: the complex roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： Sophie C. Gray Kerri J. Kinghorn Nathaniel S. Woodling institute of healthy ageing and Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of *** increased prevalence in developed countries,due to the sharp rise in ageing populations,presents one of the costliest challenges to modern *** order to find disease-modifying therapies to confront this challenge,a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is *** studies have revealed increasing evidence for the roles played by microglia,the resident innate immune system cells of the *** the well-established roles of microglia in reacting to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli,there is now a growing literature describing both protective and detrimental effects for individual cytokines and chemokines produced by microglia in Alzheimer's disease.A smaller but increasing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by microglial neurotrophic and neurogenic factors,and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's *** we review recent findings on the roles played by microglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's *** each case,landmark studies have provided evidence for the divergent ways in which microglia can either promote neuronal function and survival,or perturb neuronal function,leading to cell *** many cases,the secreted molecules of microglia can lead to divergent effects depending on the magnitude and context of microglial *** suggests that microglial functions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to support healthy neuronal function,and that the cellular microenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balance,leading to ***,an understanding of microglial homeostasis,both in health and across the trajectory of the disease state,will improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of microglial-base

关键词： adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease IGF-1 microglia neuroinflammation Trem2

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The Chinese Strategy for Actively Responding to Population ageing

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Social Sciences in China 2022年第4期43卷 57-76页

作者： Hu Zhan Peng Xizhe Wu Yushao 崔丹丹 Fudan institute on ageing Fudan University Center for Population and Development Policy Studies 不详

The course of population ageing in China has unique features, and the country’s fundamental national conditions, development path and governance model impose special requirements on the country’s response. A path with Chinese characteristics that actively addresses this issue is urgently needed. The Chinese strategy is built on solid foundations,comprising the governance paradigm advantage of “one core and multiple components”;the structural advantage of “state-family-society” governance arrangements;the national endowment of being a major country with a rich culture;and the late-mover advantage conferred by the scientific and technological innovations of our changing times. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the national strategy of actively responding to an population ageing and the population development strategy;on this basis, a positive view of ageing need to be cultivated to provide a better environment for the implementation of the national strategy;and to establish a holistic governance framework in which individuals,families, communities, the state, and the world are interconnected by integrating Chinese advantages in the governance of an ageing society. Thus, a systemic Chinese strategy for actively responding to population ageing can be continuously refined.

关键词： population ageing the governance of an ageing society Chinese strategy family population governance

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Reviving the use of inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases in spinal cord injury:a case for specificity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1925-1930页

作者： Zubair Ahmed Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK Center for Trauma Sciences Research University of BimringhamEdgbastonBirminghamUK

At present,there are no resto rative therapies in the clinic for spinal cord injury,with current treatments offering only palliative treatment *** role of matrix metalloproteases is well established in spinal cord injury,howeve r,translation into the clinical space was plagued by early designs of matrix metalloprotease inhibitors that lacked specificity and fears of musculos keletal syndrome prevented their further *** r,much more specific matrix metalloprotease inhibitors have revived the possibility of using these inhibitors in the clinic since they are much more specific to their to rget matrix ***,the evidence for use of matrix metalloproteases after spinal cord injury is reviewed and researche rs are urged to overcome their old fears rega rding matrix metalloprotease inhibition and possible side effects for the field to *** published work by us shows that inhibition of specific matrix metalloproteases after spinal cord injury holds promise since four key consequences of spinal cord injury could be alleviated by specific,next-gene ration matrix metalloprotease *** example,specific inhibition of matrix metalloprotease-9 and matrix metalloprotease-12 within 24 hours after injury and for 3 days,alleviates spinal cord injury-induced edema,blood-s pinal co rd barrier breakdown,neuro pathic pain and resto res sensory and locomotor *** are now underway to translate this therapy into the clinic.

关键词： axon regeneration blood-spinal cord barrier edema functional recovery matrix metalloprotease-9 matrix metalloproteses-12 pain spinal cord injury

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Improvement for creep strength of a second-generation single crystal superalloy by design of heat treatments

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 342-350页

作者： Wan-Shun Xia Xin-Bao Zhao Jia-Chen Xu Quan-Zhao Yue Qing-Qing Ding Huan-Chang Duan Yue-Feng Gu Hong-Bin Bei Ze Zhang institute of Superalloys Science and Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Design of heat treatments is related to the key technology for development of nickel-based single crystal superalloys(Ni-SXs). Based on the full understanding of the solidification characteristics, this work applies optimization design of heat treatments for a second-generation Ni-SX. Microstructure evolution and creep properties are compared in the material under conventional/standard(Std.) and optimized(Opt.) treatments. For the Std. sample,strong dendritic segregations determine inconsistent microstructure evolution in the dendritic(D) and interdendritic region(ID), while the latter serves as weak area to have the prior microcrack initiation, damaging overall performance of the alloy. The Opt. treatment applies higher homogenization temperature, leading to overall reduced segregations, while not inducing incipient melting. A lower temperature of first-step ageing is used to lower the size ofγ'particles. These help to form the more uniform microstructure in dendritic and interdendritic region and relieve the inconsistent microstructure evolution. The balanced local strength makes ID no longer as the weak area,thus restricting microcrack initiation. Great improvement of high temperature and low stress property is obtained by this progress, leading to the pronounced increase of creep rupture life under 1100 °C/140 MPa.

关键词： Single crystal superalloy Heat treatment Segregation Solidification Creep property

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Properties and microstructure of copper–titanium alloys with magnesium additions

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2290-2299页

作者： Lue Huang Li-Jun Peng Jiang Li Xu-Jun Mi Gang Zhao Guo-Jie Huang Hao-Feng Xie Yi-Cheng Cao Wen-Jing Zhang Zhen Yang State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100088China GRIMAT Engineering institute Co. LtdBejing 101407China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang110000China General Research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China China Academy of Space Technology Beijing 100094China China Nonferrous Metals Mining Group(Tianjin)Co.Ltd Tianjin 3001llChina

The volume fractions and morphology of precipitates in precipitation-strengthened Cu-Ti alloys,which precipitate mainly as continuous and discontinuous precipitates,are important for the application of the *** study employed hardness and electrical conductivity tests transmission electron microscopy(TEM),atom probe tomography(APT),and first-principles calculations to demonstrate that the addition of Mg is effective for accelerating nanosized continuousβ'-Cu_(4)Ti precipitation as well as for suppressing the precipitation of coarse lamellar discontinuousβ-Cu_(4)Ti precipitates along the grain boundaries,resulting in Cu-Ti alloys with high yield strength and good electrical *** results showed that the continuous precipitation ofβ'-Cu_(4)Ti was accelerated by the Mg additions,which reduced the supersaturation of the matrix,thereby reducing the chemical driving force for the discontinuous *** the other hand,Mg additions increased the mismatch between the discontinuousβ-Cu_(4)Ti precipitates and matrix decreased the nucleation rate of the discontinuous precipitates,and increased the spacing of the discontinuous precipitation layer,resulting in a lower growth rate of the discontinuous ***,the addition of Mg to Cu-Ti alloys enhances the strength and improves the resistance to over-ageing.

关键词： Cu-Ti-Mg alloy Precipitation hardening Discontinuous precipitation Continuous precipitation Microstructure formation mechanism

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Interfacial Chain Entanglements Induced Melt Memory Effect in Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Silica Nanocomposites

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第11期40卷 1451-1465页

作者： Xiang Liu Wen-Zhi Cui Wei Yu Advanced Rheology institute Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal AgeingState Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite MaterialsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

It is known that the enhanced melt memory effect is strongly correlated with the retarded chain ***,previous studies using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)showed a weakened or even vanished melt memory in polymer nanocomposites,although adding nanoparticles in polymers often reduces chain *** this work,we added two kinds of silica nanoparticles,O15 and W22 nanoparticles(with low and high surface silanol density,respectively),to poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL),where the degree of chain entanglements near nanoparticles increases,and chain dynamics is gradually retarded with increasing silica *** strongly aggregated W22 nanoparticles show significant heterogeneous nucleation,while well-dispersed O15 nanoparticles exhibit very weak heterogeneous *** contrast to the restrained self-nucleation effects during the rapid non-isothermal crystallization of two nanocomposites,we found evident melt memory effects during the slow isothermal crystallization in PCL/O15 nanocomposites as indicated by DSC and polarized light microscopy(PLM)*** melt memory becomes stronger with more O15 nanoparticles,but depends non-monotonically on the loadings of W22 *** lifetime of the melt memory effects matches the chain re-entanglement time of the SN melts of nanocomposites,which is consistent with our previous work on PCL miscible *** complicated influence of silica on nucleation and crystal growth is induced by the spatial inhomogeneity of chain entanglements in the silica-filled PCL *** decrease in the entanglement density of the interfacial chains in the SN melts of nanocomposites is conducive to nucleate under slow isothermal crystallization,but the chain mobility is still greatly restrained by the nanoparticles,causing the slow growth rate of spherulites and the difficulty to form nuclei under fast non-isothermal crystallization.

关键词： PCL Silica nanocomposite Self-nucleation crystallization

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Aging Behavior of As-Extruded Ti Particles Reinforced VW94 Composites

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第3期37卷 401-406页

作者： Dongmei Pu Xianhua Chen Jingfeng Wang Jun Tan Jianbo Li Hong Yang Bo Feng Kaihong Zheng Fusheng Pan College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China institute of New Materials Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

The ageing behavior of as-extruded Ti_(P)/VW94 composites was *** peak hardness of the composites increases compared to the matrix alloy and the 5%Ti_(P)/VW94 composite presents the highest peak hardness of 148.7 HV after aging for about 50 ***,the hardness increments first decrease and then slightly increase with increasing Ti particle content due to the introduction of high-density dislocations by Ti particles.

关键词： Magnesium matrix composites Ti particles ageing behavior Hardness

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