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A Study on the Genetic Dynamics and Development Characteristics of Granitic Rock Avalanches in the Northern Qinling Mountains， China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yan Lyu Ruixia Ma Zuopeng Wang Jianbing Peng Tianzhuo Gu College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics， Chang'an University institute of geosafety， China University of Geosciences Beijing

Massive granitic rock avalanches are extensively developed in the middle section of the northern Qinling Mountains (NQM)， China. The current consensus is that their formation could have been connected with seismic events that occurred in the NQM. However， there is a lack of systematic discussion on the genetic dynamics of these rock avalanches. Hence， taking Earth system scientific research as a starting point， this paper systematically summarizes and discusses development characteristics， formation times and genetic dynamic mechanisms of granitic rock avalanches in the NQM based on geological investigations， high-precision remote sensing interpretations， geomorphological dating， geophysical exploration， and a large-scale shaking table model test. We identified 53 granitic rock avalanches in this area， with a single collapse area ranging from 0.01×106to 1.71×106m2. Their development time can be divided into six stages， namely， 107297～106289 years BP， 11870-11950 years BP， 11666～10279 years BP， 2260-2320 years BP， 1788-1925 years BP， and 1392～1661 years BP， which were closely related to multiple prehistoric or ancient earthquakes. We suggest that long-term coupling of internal and external earth dynamics was responsible for the granitic rock avalanches in the NQM; the internal dynamics were mainly related to subduction， collision and extrusion of different plates under the Qinling terrane， leading to the formation and tectonic uplift of the Qinling orogenic belt; and the external dynamics were closely associated with climate changes resulting in mountain denudation， freeze-thaw cycles and isostatic balance uplift. In this process， the formation and evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt play a geohazard-pregnant role， structural planes， including faults and joints， play a geohazard-controlled role， and earthquakes play a geohazard-induced role， which jointly results in the occurrence of large-scale granitic rock avalanches in the NQM. This research can not only decip

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List of 85 typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 369-370页

作者： Rui-chen Chen Yong-shuang Zhang School of Engineering and Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China institute of geosafety China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

Landslides are one of the most dangerous natural hazards that cause significant property damage and loss of *** often destroy farmland,villages,houses,factories,schools,roads and other facilities,injuring humans and ***,entire towns are devastated by *** to their pervasiveness,varied triggering factors,and sudden occurrence,landslides are currently one of the most challenging natural disasters to prevent and mitigate.

关键词： stated farmland catastrophic

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Comparison of microwave- and thermal-assisted rock fragmentation methods at different temperatures and loading rates

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第6期34卷 799-819页

作者： Wei Yao Shuai Wang Bangbiao Wu Ying Xu Kaiwen Xia State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation School of Civil EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China China Railway Design Corporation Tianjin 300308China institute of geosafety School of Engineering and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

Understanding the effects of microwave irradiation and thermal treatment on the dynamic compression and fragmentation properties of rocks is essential to quantify energy consumption in rock *** this study,Fangshan granite(FG)specimens were exposed to microwave irradiation and heat *** damage of FG specimens induced by these two methods was compared using X-ray CT scanning and ultrasonic wave *** temperatures of FG after microwave irradiation and thermal treatment were effectively evaluated using a newly proposed technique.A novelty method for precisely determining the geometric features of fragments is developed to estimate the fragmentation ***,the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),the dynamic fragmentation characteristics,and the fragmentation energy of FG after these two pretreatment methods can be reasonably *** noticeable distinction of loading rate effect on the dynamic UCS of FG between these two pretreatment methods is first observed.A relationship is established between the dynamic UCS and the damage induced by microwave irradiation and heat ***,fragmentation energy fan analysis is introduced to accurately compare the fragmentation properties of FG after two pretreatment methods in dynamic compression tests.

关键词： Fangshan granite Dynamic experiments Microwave irradiation Thermal treatment Loading rate Fragmentation

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Enhancing landslide hazards survey and management to reduce the loss of human lives and properties

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 169-170页

作者： Yong-shuang Zhang School of Engineering and Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China institute of geosafety China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering ***,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024"in this issue,doi:10.31035/cg2024079)and cause economic damages amounting to billions of dollars around the world,as well as disrupting crucial infrastructures such as railways,highways。

关键词： hazards survey dollar

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Effects of fracture evolution and non-Darcy flow on the thermal performance of enhanced geothermal system in 3D complex fractured rock

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第4期34卷 443-459页

作者： Yachen Xie Jianxing Liao Pengfei Zhao Kaiwen Xia Cunbao Li Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S1A4Canada College of Water Resources and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610225China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsWuhan 430071China College of Civil Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China institute of geosafety School of Engineering and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

In fractured geothermal reservoirs,the fracture networks and internal fluid flow behaviors can significantly impact the thermal *** this study,we proposed a non-Darcy rough discrete fracture network(NR-DFN)model that can simultaneously consider the fracture evolution and non-Darcy flow dynamics in studying the thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupling processes for heat extraction in geothermal *** further employed the model on the Habanero enhanced geothermal systems(EGS)project located in ***,our findings illustrate a clear spatial-temporal variation in the thermal stress and pressure perturbations,as well as uneven spatial distribution of shear failure in 3D fracture *** shear failure is mainly concentrated in the first fracture ***,channeling flow have also been observed in DFNs during heat extraction and are further intensified by the expansion of fractures driven by thermal ***,the combined effect of non-Darcy flow and fracture evolution triggers a rapid decline in the resulting heat rate and *** NR-DFN model framework and the Habanero EGS's results illustrate the importance of both fracture evolution and non-Darcy flow on the efficiency of EGS production and have the potential to promote the development of more sustainable and efficient EGS operations for stakeholders.

关键词： Coupled THM model Non-Darcy flow Deformable DFN Enhanced geothermal systems

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Experimental study on seismic response and progressive failure characteristics of bedding rock slopes

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第5期14卷 1394-1405页

作者： Mingdong Zang Guoxiang Yang Jinyu Dong Shengwen Qi Jianxian He Ning Liang School of Engineering and Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China institute of geosafety China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China Research institute of Geotechnical Engineering and Hydraulic Structure North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou450011China Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China

Bedding rock slopes are common geological features in nature that are prone to failure under strong earthquakes. Their failures induce catastrophic landslides and form barrier lakes, posing severe threats to people’s lives and property. Based on the similarity criteria, a bedding rock slope model with a length of3 m, a width of 0.8 m, and a height of 1.6 m was constructed to facilitate large-scale shaking table *** results showed that with the increase of vibration time, the natural frequency of the model slope decreased, but the damping ratio increased. Damage to the rock mass structure altered the dynamic characteristics of the slope;therefore, amplification of the acceleration was found to be nonlinear and uneven. Furthermore, the acceleration was amplified nonlinearly with the increase of slope elevation along the slope surface and the vertical section, and the maximum acceleration amplification factor(AAF) occurred at the slope crest. Before visible deformation, the AAF increased with increasing shaking intensity;however, it decreased with increasing shaking intensity after obvious deformation. The slope was likely to slide along the bedding planes at a shallow depth below the slope surface. The upper part of the slope mainly experienced a tensile-shear effect, whereas the lower part suffered a compressive-shear force. The progressive failure process of the model slope can be divided into four stages, and the dislocated rock mass can be summarized into three zones. The testing data provide a good explanation of the dynamic behavior of the rock slope when subjected to an earthquake and may serve as a helpful reference in implementing antiseismic measures for earthquake-induced landslides.

关键词： Bedding rock slope Large-scale shaking table test Seismic response Progressive failure characteristics

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A Typical Paleochannel-Controlled Ground Fissure in Hengshui,Hebei Plain,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第6期35卷 1966-1978页

作者： Feiyong Wang Jianbing Peng Jishan Xu Quanzhong Lu School of Engineering and Technology Institute of GeosafetyChina University of Geosciences BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster Ministry of Natural Resources(Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province)Nanjing210018China Observation and Research Station of Ground Fissure and Land Subsidence Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an710054China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of EducationChang’an UniversityXi’an710054China School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

Nearly 1100 fissures have formed on the Hebei Plain in *** the Yellow RiverQinghe River-Zhanghe River shallow buried paleochannel band on the plain,93 ground fissures controlled by paleochannels have developed,of which the Wuyi-Fuping ground fissure is a typical paleochannel-controlled fissure located in Hengshui,Hebei Province,with a total length of 3 km,a dominant strike of NE78°,and nearly upright in the shallow *** surface damage observed in this fissure primarily manifests as beaded pits,and its activity shows distinct segmentation *** the trench profiles,the offset distance of shallow layers remains consistently around 20 cm within the depth range of 0 to-3 *** evident flexure is observed in the strata at depths ranging from-4.5 to-7 *** drilling profile reveals that there is an absence of dislocations in the deeper ***,the shallow seismic physical profiles unveil the presence of underlying faults beneath the study area,underscoring the intricate formation process and genesis mechanism of the Wuyi-Fuping ground ***,the formation and evolution of the Qingling River's paleochannel were shaped by the actions of fault blocks and underlying *** interplay of the regional stress field,fault block movement,and fault activity played pivotal roles in driving the development of this ***,the paleochannel exerts a controlling influence on the development location and severity of the *** pumping,the confined aquifer within the paleochannel undergoes water loss and compression,resulting in the formation of a surface subsidence *** the tensile stress surpasses the soil's tensile strength at the funnel's edge,the soil fractures give rise to a ground ***,large amounts of surface water generated by heavy rainfall and irrigation can cause existing hidden ground fissures to rupture,emerge,and *** paper provides a heretofore generally unknown example,promotes

关键词： ground fissure Hebei Plain paleochannel pumping activity surface waters disaster prevention

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Advances in dynamic test of deep rocks considering in-situ mechanical and hydraulic conditions

Deep Resources Engineering

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Deep Resources Engineering 2024年第2期1卷 82-100页

作者： Kaiwen Xia Minlei Wang Yan Fu Bangbiao Wu Ying Xu Wei Yao institute of geosafety China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation School of Civil EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Determining the dynamic behaviors of deep rocks is important but challenging for deep underground rock ***,great advances have been made by researchers in dynamic tests of deep rocks considering insitu mechanical and hydraulic *** is thus imperative to systematically review the progress in this *** paper focuses on the dynamic experiments of deep rocks using the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB),including new advances in experimental apparatuses,methodologies,and results.A comprehensive introduction to the principles of the triaxial confinement SHPB,the true triaxial SHPB,and SHPB with a coupled hydraulic-mechanical device is *** development of these systems for conducting dynamic tests of deep rocks is briefly ***,the experimental methods and results for quantifying dynamic compressive,tensile,flexure,and shear strengths and mode I/II fracture toughness of rocks under axial preload,hydrostatic pressure,triaxial stress state,and coupled hydraulic-mechanical condition are systematically discussed,and the rate-dependent characteristics and mechanisms of deep rocks under various geological occurrence conditions are also summarized.

关键词： Deep rock dynamics Triaxial confinement Hydraulic-mechanical coupling Dynamic strength Dynamic fracture toughness

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