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A regression approach for seismic first-break picking

Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1584-1596页

作者： Huan Yuan San-Yi Yuan Jie Wu Wen-Jing Sang Yu-He Zhao CNPC Key Laboratory of geophysical exploration China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Research institute of Petroleum exploration & Development—Northwest (NWGI) Key Laboratory of reservoir characterization of CNPCPetroChina

The picking efficiency of seismic first breaks(FBs) has been greatly accelerated by deep learning(DL)technology. However, the picking accuracy and efficiency of DL methods still face huge challenges in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) situations. To address this issue, we propose a regression approach to pick FBs based on bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi LSTM) neural network by learning the implicit Eikonal equation of 3D inhomogeneous media with rugged topography in the target region. We employ a regressive model that represents the relationships among the elevation of shots, offset and the elevation of receivers with their seismic traveltime to predict the unknown FBs, from common-shot gathers with sparsely distributed traces. Different from image segmentation methods which automatically extract image features and classify FBs from seismic data, the proposed method can learn the inner relationship between field geometry and FBs. In addition, the predicted results by the regressive model are continuous values of FBs rather than the discrete ones of the binary distribution. The picking results of synthetic data shows that the proposed method has low dependence on label data, and can obtain reliable and similar predicted results using two types of label data with large differences. The picking results of9380 shots for 3D seismic data generated by vibroseis indicate that the proposed method can still accurately predict FBs in low SNR data. The subsequent stacked profiles further illustrate the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of model data and field seismic data demonstrate that the proposed regression method is a robust first-break picker with high potential for field application.

关键词： First-break picking Low signal-to-noise ratio Regression BiLSTM Traveltime Geometry Noisy seismic data

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A reweighted damped singular spectrum analysis method for robust seismic noise suppression

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1671-1682页

作者： Wei-Lin Huang Yan-Xin Zhou Yang Zhou Wei-Jie Liu Ji-Dong Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) SINOPEC Petroleum exploration and Production Research institute SINOPEC geophysical Research institute

(Multichannel) Singular spectrum analysis is considered as one of the most effective methods for seismic incoherent noise suppression. It utilizes the low-rank feature of seismic signal and regards the noise suppression as a low-rank reconstruction problem. However, in some cases the seismic geophones receive some erratic disturbances and the amplitudes are dramatically larger than other receivers. The presence of this kind of noise, called erratic noise, makes singular spectrum analysis(SSA) reconstruction unstable and has undesirable effects on the final results. We robustify the low-rank reconstruction of seismic data by a reweighted damped SSA(RD-SSA) method. It incorporates the damped SSA, an improved version of SSA, into a reweighted framework. The damping operator is used to weaken the artificial disturbance introduced by the low-rank projection of both erratic and random noise. The central idea of the RD-SSA method is to iteratively approximate the observed data with the quadratic norm for the first iteration and the Tukeys bisquare norm for the rest iterations. The RD-SSA method can suppress seismic incoherent noise and keep the reconstruction process robust to the erratic disturbance. The feasibility of RD-SSA is validated via both synthetic and field data examples.

关键词： Singular spectrum analysis Damping operator Seismic erratic noise Seismic signal processing Robust low-rank reconstruction

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An improved deep dilated convolutional neural network for seismic facies interpretation

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1569-1583页

作者： Na-Xia Yang Guo-Fa Li Ting-Hui Li Dong-Feng Zhao Wei-Wei Gu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering CNPC Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Dagang Branch Research InstituteBGP

With the successful application and breakthrough of deep learning technology in image segmentation,there has been continuous development in the field of seismic facies interpretation using convolutional neural networks. These intelligent and automated methods significantly reduce manual labor, particularly in the laborious task of manually labeling seismic facies. However, the extensive demand for training data imposes limitations on their wider application. To overcome this challenge, we adopt the UNet architecture as the foundational network structure for seismic facies classification, which has demonstrated effective segmentation results even with small-sample training data. Additionally, we integrate spatial pyramid pooling and dilated convolution modules into the network architecture to enhance the perception of spatial information across a broader range. The seismic facies classification test on the public data from the F3 block verifies the superior performance of our proposed improved network structure in delineating seismic facies boundaries. Comparative analysis against the traditional UNet model reveals that our method achieves more accurate predictive classification results, as evidenced by various evaluation metrics for image segmentation. Obviously, the classification accuracy reaches an impressive 96%. Furthermore, the results of seismic facies classification in the seismic slice dimension provide further confirmation of the superior performance of our proposed method, which accurately defines the range of different seismic facies. This approach holds significant potential for analyzing geological patterns and extracting valuable depositional information.

关键词： Seismic facies interpretation Dilated convolution Spatial pyramid pooling Internal feature maps Compound loss function

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Contamination assessment,source apportionment and associated health risks of PTEs in agricultural soil under five land-use patterns in Sanya,China

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 469-479页

作者： Jian-zhou Yang Yan-gang Fu Qiu-li Gong Sheng-ming Ma Jing-jing Gong Jian-weng Gao Zhen-liang Wang Yong-wen Cai Shi-xin Tang institute of geophysical and geochemical exploration Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyLangfang 065000China Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100055China

To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use *** coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of ***-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health *** showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation *** concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and *** I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by *** apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the *** risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden ***,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study *** TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low *** the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.

关键词： Potentially toxic trace elements(PTEs) Soils Land-use Geo-accumulation index(Igeo) Hazard quotient(HQ) Total carcinogenic risk index(TR) Source apportionment Health risk Agricutural geological survey engineering

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A seismic elastic moduli module for the measurements of low-frequency wave dispersion and attenuation of fluid-saturated rocks under different pressures

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 162-181页

作者： Yan-Xiao He Shang-Xu Wang Gen-Yang Tang Chao Sun Hong-Bing Li San-Yi Yuan Xian Wei Li-Deng Gan Xiao-Feng Dai Qiang Ge Peng-Peng Wei Hui-Qing Zhang National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering CNPC Key Lab of Geophysical ExplorationCollege of GeophysicsChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116JiangsuChina Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development CNPCBeijing100083China Beijing Vocational College of Labour and Social Security Beijing100029China PetroChina Dagang Oilfield exploration and Development Research institute CNPCTianjin300280China

Knowledge about the seismic elastic modulus dispersion,and associated attenuation,in fluid-saturated rocks is essential for better interpretation of seismic observations taken as part of hydrocarbon identification and time-lapse seismic surveillance of both conventional and unconventional reservoir and overburden performances.A Seismic Elastic Moduli Module has been developed,based on the forced-oscillations method,to experimentally investigate the frequency dependence of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio,as well as the inferred attenuation,of cylindrical samples under different confining pressure *** with three standard samples showed that the measured elastic moduli were consistent with the published data,indicating that the new apparatus can operate reliably over a wide frequency range of f∈[1-2000,10^(6)]*** Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the shale and the tight sandstone samples were measured under axial stress oscillations to assess the frequency-and pressure-dependent *** dry condition,both samples appear to be nearly frequency independent,with weak pressure dependence for the shale and significant pressure dependence for the *** particular,it was found that the tight sandstone with complex pore microstructure exhibited apparent dispersion and attenuation under brine or glycerin saturation conditions,the levels of which were strongly influenced by the increased effective *** addition,the measured Young's moduli results were compared with the theoretical predictions from a scaled poroelastic model with a reasonably good agreement,revealing that the combined fluid flow mechanisms at both mesoscopic and microscopic scales possibly responsible for the measured dispersion.

关键词： Low-frequency measurements Dispersion and attenuation Rock physics Fluid flow

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Three-dimensional Modeling of Ore-forming Elements and Mineralization Prognosis for the Yechangping Mo Deposit,Henan Province,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 736-752页

作者： DING Gaoming JI Genyuan YAN Guolong XU Yongzhong WANG Kunming XIAO Chun WANG Quanle GUO Dongbao China National Administration of Coal Geology Beijing 100038China MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesCAGSBeijing 100037China China Gold Group Geological Co. Ltd.Beijing 100011China China Gold Group ZhongYuan Mining Co. Ltd.SanmenxiaHenan 472000China Lanzhou Mineral exploration institute of Gansu Nonferrous Metal Geological exploration Bureau Lanzhou 730046China

Three-dimensional geochemical modeling of ore-forming elements is crucial for predicting deep *** approach provides key information for the quantitative prediction of deep mineral localization,three-dimensional fine interpolation,analysis of spatial distribution patterns,and extraction of quantitative mineral-seeking *** Yechangping molybdenum(Mo)deposit is a significant and extensive porphyry-skarn deposit in the East Qinling-Dabie Mo polymetallic metallogenic belt at the southern margin of the North China *** borehole data on oreforming elements underpin deep geochemical *** methodology includes the following steps:(1)Threedimensional geological modeling of the deposit was established.(2)Correlation,cluster,and factor analyses post delineation of mineralization stages and determination of mineral generation sequence to identify(Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag)and(Mo,W,mfe)assemblages.(3)A three-dimensional geochemical block model was constructed for Mo,W,mfe,Cu,Zn,Pb,and Ag using the ordinary kriging method,and the variational function was developed.(4)Spatial distribution and enrichment characteristics analysis of ore-forming elements are performed to extract geological information,employing the variogram and w(Cu+Pb+Zn+Ag)/w(Mo+W)as predictive indicators.(5)Identifying the western,northwestern,and southwestern areas of the mine with limited mineralization potential,contrasted by the northeastern and southeastern areas favorable for mineral exploration.

关键词： 3D geochemical model ore-forming elements geostatistics deep mineralization prediction Yechangping Mo deposit

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Dynamic Analysis of A Deepwater Drilling Riser with A New Hang-off System

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 29-41页

作者： LI Yan-wei LIU Xiu-quan WANG Jin-long CHEN Guo-ming CHANG Yuan-jiang SHENG Lei-xiang Centre for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore geophysical and exploration Equipment China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China China CNOOC Research institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

The safety of risers in hang-off states is a vital challenge in offshore oil and gas engineering.A new hang-off system installed on top of risers is proposed for improving the security of *** approach leads to a challenging problem:coupling the dynamics of risers with a new hang-off system combined with multiple structures and complex *** accurately analyze the dynamic responses of the coupled system,a coupled dynamic model is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam-column theory and penalty function method.A comprehensive analysis method is proposed for coupled dynamic analysis by combining the finite element method and the Newmarkβ*** analysis program is also developed in MATLAB for dynamic *** simulation results show that the dynamic performances of the risers at the top part are significantly improved by the new hang-off system,especially the novel design,which includes the centralizer and articulation *** bending moment and lateral deformation of the risers at the top part decrease,while the hang-off joint experiences a great bending moment at the bottom of the lateral restraint area which requires particular attention in design and *** platform navigation speed range under the safety limits of risers expands with the new hang-off system in use.

关键词： deepwater drilling riser new hang-off system dynamic analysis finite element method penalty function method

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Fault characteristics and their control on oil and gas accumulation in the southwestern Ordos Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 162-171页

作者： Yongtao Liu Shuanghe Dai Yijun Zhou Fufeng Ding Mingjie Li Xingyun Li Yu Zhao Binhua Guo Tong Li Junan Han Research institute of Oriental geophysical Company CNPCXi'an710021China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest UniversityXi'an710069China exploration Department of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'an710018China

3D seismic data recently acquired from the Ordos Basin shows three sets of regularly distributed fault systems,which overrides previous understanding that no faults were developed in this *** interpretation suggests that the faults in the southwestern Ordos Basin have three basic characteristics,namely extreme micro-scale,distinct vertical stratification,and regularity of planar *** NS-,NW-,and NE-trending fault systems developed in the Meso-Neoproterozoic e Lower Ordovician *** these,the NS-trending fault system mainly consists of consequent and antithetic faults which show clear syndepositional *** fault systems in the Carboniferous e Middle-Lower Triassic strata are not clear on seismic reflection *** NW-and NE-trending fault systems are developed in the Upper Triassic e Middle Jurassic *** these,the NW-trending fault system appears as a negative flower structure in sectional view and in an en echelon pattern in plan-view;they show transtensional deformation.A NE-trending fault system that developed in the Lower Cretaceous e Cenozoic strata shows a Y-shaped structural style and tension-shear properties.A comprehensive analysis of the regional stress fields at different geologic times is essential to determine the development,distribution direction,and intensity of the activity of fault systems in the Ordos *** exploration suggests three aspects in which the faults within the Ordos Basin are crucial to oil and gas ***,these faults serve as vertical barriers that cause the formation of two sets of relatively independent petroleum systems in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata respectively;this is the basis for the‘upper oil and lower gas’distribution ***,the vertical communication of these faults is favorable for oil and gas migration,thus contributing to the typical characteristics of multiple oil and gas fields within the basin,*** and gas reservoirs with multiple

关键词： Coherent attribute Strike-slip fault Flower structure Shale oil Ordos basin

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Full waveform inversion based on hybrid gradient

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1660-1670页

作者： Chuang Xie Zhi-Liang Qin Jian-Hua Wang Peng Song Heng-Guang Shen Sheng-Qi Yu Ben-Jun Ma Xue-Qin Liu Qingdao Innovation and Development Base Harbin Engineering University Qingdao Innovation and Development Center Harbin Engineering University CNOOC Research institute Co. Ltd. College of Marine Geoscience Ocean University of China Weihai Sunfull geophysical exploration Equipment Co. Ltd.

The low-wavenumber components in the gradient of full waveform inversion(FWI) play a vital role in the stability of the inversion. However, when FWI is implemented in some high frequencies and current models are not far away from the real velocity model, an excessive number of low-wavenumber components in the gradient will also reduce the convergence rate and inversion accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper firstly derives a formula of scattering angle weighted gradient in FWI, then proposes a hybrid gradient. The hybrid gradient combines the conventional gradient of FWI with the scattering angle weighted gradient in each inversion frequency band based on an empirical formula derived *** weighted hybrid mode, we can retain some low-wavenumber components in the initial lowfrequency inversion to ensure the stability of the inversion, and use more high-wavenumber components in the high-frequency inversion to improve the convergence rate. The results of synthetic data experiment demonstrate that compared to the conventional FWI, the FWI based on the proposed hybrid gradient can effectively reduce the low-wavenumber components in the gradient under the premise of ensuring inversion stability. It also greatly enhances the convergence rate and inversion accuracy,especially in the deep part of the model. And the field marine seismic data experiment also illustrates that the FWI based on hybrid gradient(HGFWI) has good stability and adaptability.

关键词： Full waveform inversion Hybrid gradient Scattering angle weighted Low-wavenumber component

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Fine description of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 289-303页

作者： Huanqing Chen Research institute of Petroleum exploration&Development PetroChinaChina

The latest researches reveal that studies on unconventional clastic oil reservoirs in China generally lag far behind those in other countries in respect of content and *** study presents the definition and classification of unconventional oil reservoirs and analyzes the problems in the fine description of unconventional oil *** key content of the fine description of unconventional oil reservoirs is summarized from four aspects:fine fracture characterization based on fine structure interpretation,reservoir architecture characterization based on sedimentary facies,characteristics of nanoscale microscopic pore structure of reservoir,and evaluation of source rock and“sweet spot zone”.Finally,this study suggests that development of fine description of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs in the future should focus on rock brittleness analysis and fracture modeling,geophysical characterization of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs,fluid description of tight reservoirs,and physical/numerical simulation experiments of unconventional oil reservoirs.

关键词： Unconventional clastic reservoir Fine reservoir description Oil sand Tight oilShale oil Fracture characterization Nanoscale microscopic pore structure Sweet spot

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