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Building Damage Extraction from Post-earthquake Airborne LiDAR Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第4期90卷 1481-1489页

作者： DOU Aixia MA Zongjin HUANG Shusong WANG Xiaoqing institute of geology China Earthquake Administration institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration

Building collapse is a significant cause of earthquake-related casualties; therefore, the rapid assessment of buildings damage is important for emergency management and rescue. Airborne light detection and ranging （LiDAR） can acquire point cloud data in combination with height values, which in turn provides detailed information on building damage. However, the most previous approaches have used optical images and LiDAR data, or pre- and post-earthquake LiDAR data, to derive building damage information. This study applied surface normal algorithms to extract the degree of building damage. In this method, the angle between the surface normal and zenith （0） is used to identify damaged parts of a building, while the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean absolute deviation （σ/δ） of θ is used to obtain the degree of building damage. Quantitative analysis of 85 individual buildings with different roof types （i.e., flat top or pitched roofs） was conducted, and the results confirm that post-earthquake single LiDAR data are not affected by roof shape. Furthermore, the results confirm that θ is correlated to building damage, and that σ/δ represents an effective index to identify the degree of building damage.

关键词： airborne LiDAR surface normal building damage earthquake damage extraction

Upper crustal velocity and seismogenic environment of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake region in Sichuan, china

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第4期5卷 348-361页

作者： DaHu Li ZhiFeng Ding Yan Zhan PingPing Wu LiJun Chang XiangYu Sun Chengdu institute of the Tibetan Plateau earthquake Research China Earthquake AdministrationChengdu 610041China institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China institute of geology China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China

On August 8,2017,a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County,Sichuan Province,china.The deep seismogenic environment and potential seismic risk in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau have once again attracted the close attention of seismologists and scholars at home and abroad.The post-earthquake scientific investigation could not identify noticeable surface rupture zones in the affected area;the complex tectonic background and the reason(s)for the frequent seismicity in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region are unclear.In order to reveal the characteristics of the deep medium and the seismogenic environment of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake region,and to interpret the tectonic background and genesis of the seismicity comprehensively,in this paper,we have reviewed all available observation data recorded by the regional digital seismic networks and large-scale,dense mobile seismic array(china Array)for the northern section of the North-South Seismic Belt around Jiuzhaigou earthquake region.Using double-difference seismic tomography method to invert the three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure characteristics of the upper crust around the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region,we have analyzed and discussed such scientific questions as the relationship between the velocity structure characteristics and seismicity in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region,its deep tectonic environment,and the ongoing seismic risk in this region.We report that:the P-wave velocity structure of the upper crust around the Jiuzhaigoug earthquake region exhibits obvious lateral inhomogeneity;the distribution characteristics of the shallow P-wave velocity structure are closely related to surface geological structure and formation lithology;the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake sequence is closely related to the velocity structure of the upper crust;the mainshock of the M7.0 earthquake occurred in the upper crust;the inhomogeneous variation of the velocity structure of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake area and its surrounding medium appears to be the deep s

关键词： the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake 3D P-wave velocity structure deep tectonic seismogenic environment

A review of seismo-electromagnetic research in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2022年第7期65卷 1229-1246页

作者： Guoze ZHAO Xuemin ZHANG Juntao CAI Yan ZHAN Qinzhong MA Ji TANG Xuebin DU Bing HAN Lifeng WANG Xiaobin CHEN Qibin XIAO Xiangyu SUN Zeyi DONG Jijun WANG Jihong ZHANG Ye FAN Tao YE State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China institute of earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China National institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Shanghai earthquake Agency Shanghai 200062China china earthquake administration Lanzhou institute of earthquake Lanzhou 730000China Shandong earthquake Agency Jinan 250014China china earthquake Network Center Beijing 100045China

The seismo-electromagnetic(EM)method is an important geophysical method that plays a major role in the observation of seismic anomalies related to earthquake precursors.It is the most promising method for a breakthrough in short-term earthquake prediction.The digital transformation and network upgrading implemented in the“Ninth five-year plan”and“Tenth five-year plan”have optimized the original observation system,improved the quality of observed data,enriched the seismicelectromagnetic information,and enhanced the analysis capability and timeliness of seismic-electromagnetic anomalies.These improvements are of major importance for the research on seismo-electromagnetics as well as for the development of new technologies.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,china has launched a satellite named CSES that was designed for the generation and study of seismo-electromagnetic data and built a high-power transmitting source and a new CSELF observation network that is used specifically for earthquake monitoring.This platform has promoted the full-time three-dimensional EM monitoring and the identification of earthquake anomalies.Based on the study of anomalies related to earthquake precursors,the physical and numerical simulations,and the study on generation mechanism of anomalies in china,we summarize the characteristics of earthquake EM anomalies and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different EM observation methods.Finally,considering the related questions of the seismo-electromagnetic prediction and implementing the recent developments both in china and abroad,we review the current status of seismo-electromagnetic research and propose strategies for future research.

关键词： Seismo-electromagnetism Seismic anomaly Electromagnetic observation Experiment and simulation earthquake prediction Prospect

Deep Seismogenic Environment in the Southern Section of the Longmenshan Fault Zone on the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Lushan M_s 7.0 earthquake

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第2期89卷 519-530页

作者： LI Dahu DING Zhifeng ZHAN Yan WU Pingping YE Qingdong institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration earthquake administration of Sichuan Province institute of geology China Earthquake Administration

The 2,026 earthquake events registered by the Sichuan regional digital seismic network and mobile seismic array after the April 20th, 2013 Lushan earthquake and 28,188 pieces of data were selected to determine direct P waves arrival times. We applied the tomographic method to inverse the characteristics of the velocity structure for the three-dimensional （3D） P wave in the mid-upper crust of the seismic source region of the Lushan earthquake. The imaging results were combined with the apparent magnetization inversion and magnetotelluric （MT） sounding retest data to comprehensively study the causes of the deep seismogenic environment in the southern section of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the formation of the Lushan earthquake. Research has shown that there are obvious differences in velocity structure and magnetic distribution between the southern and northern sections of the Longmenshan fault zone. The epicenter of the Lushan earthquake is located near the boundary of the high and low-velocity anomalies and favorable for a high-velocity section. Moreover, at the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake located on the magnetic dome boundary of Ya＇an, the development of high velocity and magnetic solid medium favors the accumulation and release of strain energy. Low- velocity anomalies are distributed underneath the are of seismogenic origin, The inversion results of the MT retest data after the April 20th Lushan earthquake also indicate that there a high-conductor anomaly occurs under the area of seismogenic origin of the Lushan earthquake, Therefore, we speculated that the presence of a high-conductivity anomaly and low-velocity anomaly underneath the seismogenic body of the Lushan earthquake could be related to the existence of fluids. The role of fluids caused the weakening of the seismogenic layer inside the mid-upper crust and resulted in a seismogenic fault that was prone to rupture and pIayed a triggering role in the Lushan earthquake.

关键词： The Longmenshan fault zone Lushan earthquake the three-dimensional velocitystructure the apparent magnetization inversion magnetotelluric sounding

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南北地震带主要断裂的强震潜能（英文）

Science Bulletin 2024年第2期 179-182页

作者：李彦川单新建屈春燕张国宏宋小刚 china earthquake administration State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics institute of geology

关键词：

Tectonic geomorphology of Türkiye and its insights into the neotectonic deformation of the Anatolian Plate

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earthquake Research Advances 2024年第1期4卷 23-35页

作者： Yuqiao Chang Yihui Zhang Huiping Zhang Yunnan earthquake Agency Kunming650216China State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100029China

Quantitative geomorphic analyses are usually powerful in identifying active tectonics across global orogenic belts.Our present study will focus on the Anatolian Plate which hosts a lot of recent catastrophic earthquakes in Türkiye.Six geomorphic indices for 100 sub-basins around Türkiye have been computed including local relief,slope,normalized steepness index(k_(Sn)),hypsometric curve and integral(HI),transverse topographic symmetry factor(Tf),and the basin asymmetry factor(Af).The averaged kSnand Af values have shown four high-value anomalous zones,suggesting relatively high uplift rates featured by high river incision and regional tilting.The values of 0.35≤HIearthquake occurrence.

关键词： Geomorphic indices Quantitative Türkiye Tectonic activity

The Interpretation of Seismogenic Fault of the Maduo Mw 7.3earthquake,Qinghai Based on Remote Sensing Images——A Branch of the East Kunlun Fault System

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 857-868页

作者： Guanghao Ha Jinrui Liu Zhikun Ren Xiaoxiao Zhu Guodong Bao Dengyun Wu Zhiliang Zhang Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China

On May 22,2021,a Mw 7.3 earthquake occurred in Maduo County,Qinghai Province with the epicenter of 34.59°N,98.34°E.The distribution of aftershocks and surface ruptures suggested that the seismogenic structure might be the Jiangcuo fault(JF),~70 km south of East Kunlun fault(EKLF).Due to the high altitude and sparse human habitats,there are very few researches on the Jiangcuo fault,which makes us know little about the deformation features and even the geometry of Jiangcuo fault.In this study,we used the high-resolution pre-earthquake satellite images to interpret the spatial distribution and geometry of the Jiangcuo fault.Our results show that the Jiangcuo fault strikes nearly east,extending 180-km-long from Eling Lake to east of Changmahe Town.Based on the geometric features,the Jiangcuo fault could be divided into three segments characterized as the linear structures,fault valleys,scarps and systematic offset of channels.The boundary between Bayan Har Block and Qaidam Block is presented as a wide deformation zone named of Kunlun belt that is composed of East Kunlun fault and several branch faults around Anemaqen Mountain.Geometric analysis and deep lithosphere structure around Maduo County suggest that the Jiangcuo fault should be one of branch of East Kunlun fault at south,where the Kunlun fault developed as a giant flower structure.In addition,the seismic hazards potential of Jiangcuo fault should be given enough attention in the future,because west of the Jiangcuo fault,there is a rupture gap between the co-seismic surface ruptures of the 2001 Kunlun,2021 Maduo and 1937 Huashixia earthquakes.

关键词： Jiangcuo fault seismogenic fault East Kunlun fault Maduo earthquake rupture gap earthquakes

Deep electrical structures of Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone in Guangxi and seismogenic environment of the 1936 Lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 584-603页

作者： Bin ZHOU Chunheng YAN Yan ZHAN Xiangyu SUN Sha LI Xiang WEN Yajun MO Yongdong YUAN Yuan YUAN Meili HUANG earthquake Agency of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning530022China State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100029China Guangxi Geophysical Survey institute Liuzhou545005China

The tectonic position of the southwest section of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Tectonic Junction Zone(QHTJZ)can be determined by examining the Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone(QFJZ)in Guangxi.This zone is significant because it was the location of the largest earthquake ever recorded in the inland region of South china,specifically the 1936 Lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake in Guangxi.Therefore,this region serves as an optimal location for researching the origins of intraplate earthquakes in South china.This study presents a display of a broadband magnetotelluric(MT)prospecting profile that traverses the Guangxi QFJZ and the Lingshan earthquake zone,extending from the northwest(NW)to the southeast(SE).A resistivity structure model was generated using three-dimensional(3D)inversion technology along the profile.The main faults in QFJZ were analyzed in terms of their deep extension forms and tectonic attributes.This analysis was performed by integrating the results obtained from geology,gravity,wave velocity ratio,Global Position System(GPS),and geothermal flow.The results showed that(1)the Dongzhong-Xiaodong fault(DXf),the eastern Fangcheng-Lingshan fault(FLf2),and the eastern Hepu-Beiliu fault(HBf2)were all trans-crustal deep faults,and crust-mantle ductile shear zones developed in the deep part.Two electrical boundary zones,DXf and HBf2,were identified.DXf inclined towards the northwest,while HBf2 inclined towards the southeast.The FangchengLingshan fault(FLf)exhibits a tectonic style resembling a“flower”shape in the upper crust.In the deeper section,it is characterized by an electrical boundary zone that gradually slopes towards the southeast direction.(2)The Hunan-Guangxi Passive Continental Margin(HGPCM)on the NW side of DXf had a stratified resistivity structure and relatively stable Bouguer gravity anomalies,which conformed to the quasi-craton tectonic attribute of the local failure at the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block(YB).The southeastern side of this block is marked by the presence of the QFJZ and Yunk

关键词： South china Block Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone Magnetotelluric 1936 Lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake Deep seismogenic environment

速度非均匀性和径向各向异性揭示青藏高原东缘强震位置

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Science Bulletin 2022年第20期67卷 2026-2029,M0003页

作者：董兴朋杨顶辉 institute of geology China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China

As the largest and highest plateau on the Earth,the Tibetan Pla-teau is the most important natural laboratory we have for under-standing continent–continent collision and mountain building;the Tibetan Plateau is characterized by conspicuous crustal thick-ening,considerable deformation,complex metamorphism,and sig-nificant uplift[1].Because of the resistance of the rigid Tarim lithosphere in the west,the eastern Tibetan Plateau has been the main region for the occurrence of lateral motions of escaped pla-teau materials caused by the continued penetration of India into Eurasia[2].To compensate for the compression of ongoing conver-gence,the eastward motion of crustal blocks is accommodated by a series of active strike-slip faults(e.g.,Xianshuihe,Kunlun,and AilaoShan-Red River).Based on geologic and geodetic observations,the hypothesis of lower crustal flow has been proposed to reconcile the paradox between limited young upper crustal shortening and anomalously high topography across the eastern plateau margin[3].

关键词： crustal Tibetan plateau