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Coulomb stress evolution along the Kongur Extensional System since 1895 and present seismic hazard

geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第1期10卷 1-9页

作者： Wei Xiong Xuejun Qiao Gang Liu Wei Chen Zhaosheng Nie Key Laboratory of Earthquake geodesy Institute of Seismology CEA School of geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University

The present-day tectonic activities on the northeastern margin of the Pamir Plateau are mainly E-W oriented extensions, among which the Kongur Extensional System(KES) plays an important role in the internal expansion of the Pamir. As the largest earthquake since Taxkorgan earthquakes in 1895 and 1896, the Aketao earthquake occurred on the Muji fault on the northern portion of the KES in 2016. Since then, the trend of seismic activities along the KES has been paid much attention to. Based on the visco elastic layered lithosphere model, we calculate the co-seismic and post-seismic stress changes caused by five historical earthquakes on the KES and its adjacent areas since 1895, and analyze the interaction among strong earthquakes. The results show that all of the historical earthquakes after 1895 occurred in the areas where the co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress increased. Coulomb stress loading at the hypocenters of the 1896 Taxkorgan earthquake, the 1974 Markansu earthquake and the 2016 Aketao earthquake were 0.251 MPa, 0.013 MPa and 0.563 MPa, respectively. The three earthquakes were catalyzed by such variations. The historical earthquakes increased the stress state on most segments of the Southern Kungai Mountain fault and Kongur fault along the KES. In particular, we can identify 2 visible earthquake gaps with increasing seismic hazard formed on the Qimugan segment and Bulunkou segment of the KES. The Qimugan section and the Bulunkou section are located at the fault transition zone with concentrated stress and high extension rate, so great attention should be paid to their seismic hazard at present day.

关键词： Kongur extensional system Coulomb stress Stress accumulation Seismic hazard

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Seismic inversion with generalized Radon transform based on local second-order approximation of scattered field in acoustic media

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Earthquake Science 2014年第4期27卷 433-439页

作者： Wei Ouyang Weijian Mao Xuelei Li Wuqun Li Center for Computational and Exploration Geophysics Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Sound velocity inversion problem based on scattering theory is formulated in terms of a nonlinear integral equation associated with scattered field. Because of its nonlinearity, in practice, linearization algorisms （Born/ single scattering approximation） are widely used to obtain an approximate inversion solution. However, the linearized strategy is not congruent with seismic wave propagation mechanics in strong perturbation （heterogeneous） medium. In order to partially dispense with the weak perturbation assumption of the Born approximation, we present a new approach from the following two steps： firstly, to handle the forward scattering by taking into account the second- order Born approximation, which is related to generalized Radon transform （GRT） about quadratic scattering poten- tial; then to derive a nonlinear quadratic inversion formula by resorting to inverse GRT. In our formulation, there is a significant quadratic term regarding scattering potential, and it can provide an amplitude correction for inversion results beyond standard linear inversion. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the linear single scattering inversion is only good in amplitude for relative velocity perturbation （3c/c0） of background media up to 10 %, andits inversion errors are unacceptable for the perturbation beyond 10 %. In contrast, the quadratic inversion can give more accurate amplitude-preserved recovery for the per- turbation up to 40 %. Our inversion scheme is able to manage double scattering effects by estimating a trans- mission factor from an integral over a small area, and therefore, only a small portion of computational time is added to the original linear migration/inversion process.

关键词： Scattering potential Second-order Bornapproximation True-amplitude inversion

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geoinformatics and digital earth initiatives:a German perspective

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2008年第1期1卷 17-30,I0002页

作者： M.Ehlers institute for geoinformatics and Remote Sensing University of OsnabrueckSeminarstr.19 abD-49074 OsnabrueckGermany

This paper discusses the role of geoinformatics as a new scientific discipline designed for handling of geospatial *** on the scientific background of the people involved in shaping the emerging discipline,emphasis may be placed on different aspects of *** and developments may address geoscientific,spatial planning,or computer science related *** scientific field of geoinformatics encompasses the acquisition and storing of geospatial data,the modelling and presentation of spatial information,geoscientific analyses and spatial planning,and the development of algorithms and geospatial database *** is the position of the author that these tools from geoinformatics are necessary to bridge the gap between Digital Earth models and the real world with its real-world problems(‘connecting through location’).It is,however,crucial that geoinformatics represents a coherent integrated approach to the acquisition,storage,analysis,modeling,presentation,and dissemination of geo-processes and not a patchwork solution of unconnected fields of *** is as such not a part of Geography,Surveying,or Computer Science,but a new self-contained scientific *** current paper highlights international and national trends of the discipline and presents a number of geoinformatics *** research and teaching activities of the newly formed institute for geoinformatics and Remote Sensing(IGF)at the University of Osnabrueck serve as an example for these *** these developments have lead to the long overdue formation of a scientific‘Society for geoinformatics’(German:Gesellschaft fu¨r Geoinformatik-GfGI)in Germany.

关键词： geoinformatics digital earth modeling position paper emerging scientific discipline academic programmes

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Source parameter and rupture process of the M_W6.3 early strong aftershock immediately following the 2016 M_W7.8 Kaikoura earthquake(New Zealand)

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Earthquake Science 2019年第1期32卷 1-11页

作者： Qingjun Meng Aizhi Guo Xiangteng Wang Shuofan Wang institute of geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The 2016 A/w7.8 Kaikoura(New Zealand)earthquake was the most complex event ever instrumentally recorded and geologically investigated,as it ruptured on more than 12 fault segments of various *** study the mainshock rupture characteristics,geodetic methods like InSAR and GPS play an essential role in providing satisfactory spatial ***,early strong aftershocks may cause extra ground deformation which bias the mainshock rupture inversion *** this paper,we will focus on studying the Mw 6.3 aftershock,which is the only A/6+thrust slip aftershock that occurred only 30 minutes after the Kaikoura *** will relocate the hypocenter of this event using the hypo 2000 method,make the finite fault model(FFM)inversion for the detailed rupture processes and calculate the synthetic surface displacement to compare with the observed GPS data and figure out its influence on the mainshock *** we are not able to resolve the real ruptured fault of this event because of limited observation data,we infer that it is a west-ward dipping event of oblique slip mechanism,consistent with the subfault geometries of the Kaikoura *** to the inverted FFM,this event can generate 10-20 cm ground surface displacement and affect the ground displacement observation at nearby GPS stations.

关键词： Kaikoura mainshock aftershock finite fault model surface displacement

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Source model of the 2018 M_(w)7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake constrained by InSAR measurements: Insight into a blind rupture beneath the New Guinea Highlands

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geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第4期15卷 315-325页

作者： Wei Chen Tianchen Sheng Wei Xiong Key Laboratory of Earthquake geodesy Institute of SeismologyChina Earthquake AdministrationWuhan 430071China Qinghai Provincial Basic Surveying and Mapping institute Xining 810001China School of geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

The Southern Highland Fold and Thrust Belt(SHFTB),the boundary of the Australian plate and the New Guinea Highland block,significantly contributes to the convergent deformation along the plate ***,due to the lack of observation data,the detailed slip pattern of the SHFTB and the orogenic mechanism beneath the New Guinea Highlands remains *** 25 February 2018,the M_(w)7.5 Papua New Guinea(PNG)earthquake struck the southeastern segment of the *** detailed rupture characteristics of this event is significant for further clarifying the inter-seismic slip pattern along the ***,the coseismic deformation field of this earthquake was obtained using high-resolution ALOS-2 satellite *** find that the 2018 M_(w)7.5 PNG earthquake ruptured a large-scaled fault(SHFTB)extending to the lower crust(deeper than 20 km)beneath the New Guinea Highlands,with a dip angle of 24°.The slips on the fault plane are equivalent to moment magnitudes of M_(w)*** major asperities with thrust-dominated slip of up to 3.94 m are detected on the fault *** finding implies that the slip pattern on the eastern segment of the SHFTB is dominated by thrust,rather than with significant sinistral movement,as previously *** tectonic deformation across the New Guinea Highlands is possibly concentrated on the large-scale fault SHFTB and primarily controls the intra-continental orogeny in the central Papua New Guinea.

关键词： 2018M_(w)7.5PapuaNewGuineaearthquake The Southern Highlands Fold-and-Thrust Belt InSAR Slipdistribution Seismicrisk

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Global sea level variations from altimetry,GRACE and Argo data over 2005-2014

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geodesy and Geodynamics 2015年第4期6卷 274-279页

作者： Feng Wei Zhong Min State Key Laboratory of geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Institute of Geodesy and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Total sea level variations（SLVs） are caused by two major components：steric variations due to thermal expansion of seawater,and mass-induced variations due to mass exchange between ocean and *** this study,the global SLV and its steric and mass components were estimated by satellite altimetry,Argo float data and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） data over *** gravimetry observations from GRACE suggested that two-thirds of the global mean sea level rise rate observed by altimetry（i.e.,3.1 ± 0.3 mm/a from 2005 to 2014） could be explained by an increase in ocean ***,the global mean sea level was observed to drop significantly during the2010/2011 La Nina event,which may be attributed to the decline of ocean mass and steric *** early 2011,the global mean sea level began to rise rapidly,which was attributed to an increase in ocean *** findings in this study suggested that the global mean sea-level budget was closed from 2005 to 2014 based on altimetry,GRACE,and Argo data.

关键词： Sea level variations Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)Altimetry ArgoOcean mass change La Nina event Steric sea level Sea level budget

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A new approach for separating mixed model parameters:application to simultaneous inversion of earthquake source parameters

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Earthquake Science 2014年第2期27卷 189-196页

作者： Weijian Mao Center for Computational and Exploration Geophysics Institute of Geodesy and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Institute of Geodesy and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

A method for simultaneous determination of mixed model parameters,which have different physical dimensions or different responses to data,is *** parameter estimation from observed data within a single model space shows instabilities and trade-offs of the solutions. We separate the model space into N-subspaces based on their physical properties or computational convenience and solve the N-subspaces systems by damped least-squares and singular-value decomposition. Since the condition number of each subsystem is smaller than that of the single global system,the approach can greatly increase the stability of the inversion. We also introduce different damping factors into the subsystems to reduce the tradeoffs between the different parameters. The damping factors depend on the conditioning of the subsystems and may be adequately chosen in a range from 0.1 % to 10 % of the largest singular value. We illustrate the method with an example of simultaneous determination of source history,source geometry,and hypocentral location from regional seismograms,although it is applicable to any geophysical inversion.

关键词： Separation of model parameters Damped least-squares Singular value decomposition(SVD) Source inversion

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Progress in satellite gravity recovery from implemented CHAMP,GRACE and GOCE and future GRACE Follow-On missions

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geodesy and Geodynamics 2015年第4期6卷 241-247页

作者： Zheng Wei Xu Houze State Key Laboratory of geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Institute of Geodesy and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Firstly, the Earth＇s gravitational field from the past Challenging Minisatellite Payload （CHAMP） mission is determined using the energy conservation principle, the combined error model of the cumulative geoid height influenced by three instrument errors from the current Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） and future GRACE Follow-On missions is established based on the semi-analytical method, and the Earth＇s gravitational field from the executed Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer （GOCE） mission is recovered by the space-time-wise approach. Secondly, the cumulative geoid height errors are 1.727 × 10^-1 m, 1.839 × 10^-1 m and 9.025 × 10^ -2 m at degrees 70,120 and 250 from the implemented three-stage satellite gravity missions consisting of CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, which preferably accord with those from the existing earth gravity field models involving EIGEN-CHAMP03S, EICEN-GRACE02S and GO_CONS GCF 2 DIR R1. The cumulative geoid height error is 6.847 × 10 ^-2 m at degree 250 from the future GRACE Follow-On mission. Finally, the complementarity among the four-stage satellite gravity missions including CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE and GRACE Follow-On is demonstrated contrastively.

关键词： CHAMP (Challenging Minisatellite Payload)GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer)GRACE Follow-OnEnergy conservation principle Semi-analytical method Space-time-wise approach

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NIBU: a new approach to representing and analysing interior utility networks within 3D geo-information systems

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2012年第1期5卷 22-42页

作者： Ihab Hamzi Hijazi Manfred Ehlers Sisi Zlatanova institute for geoinformatics and Remote SensingIGF University of OsnabrueckOsnabrueckGermany OTB Research Institute for HousingUrban and Mobility StudiesDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Facility management departments’responsibilities include monitoring and maintenance of building infrastructure,such as water,gas or *** often these tasks are completed using paper maps,which make integrated analysis of networks *** to consider interior network structure and provide semantic and connectivity information supporting the required analysis operations are thus *** paper presents an approach relying on Building Information Model(BIM)as a data source for obtaining information about interior *** semantic and connectivity information of BIM is mapped onto a new model called Network for Interior Building Utilities(NIBU).NIBU is based on the semantic categorisation of utilities,and the spatial functions that have to be *** scenarios(‘maintenance operation’,‘emergency response’and‘inspection operation’)are developed to test the proposed *** model and its functions are implemented in spatial *** model is populated directly from a BIM server applying an Industrial Foundation Class(IFC)parser developed *** analysis functions are implemented to support spatial operations:trace upstream,trace downstream,find ancestors,find source and find *** investigation proves that BIM provides both the required semantics and attributes,and connectivity information that can facilitate analysis of interior utility *** provides a simple yet flexible way to manage interior network information,which can be integrated into Digital Earth.

关键词： building information model(BIM) building service system graph spatial DBMS utility network industrial foundation class(IFC)

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Precise geoid computation using Stokes-Helmert’s scheme and strict integrals of topographic effects

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geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第4期10卷 290-296页

作者： Dongmei Guo Huiyou He Peng Sang State Key Laboratory of geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics The Chinese Academy of Science

The high-precision local geoid model was computed based on the improved Stokes-Helmert0 s boundary value problem and strict integrals of topographic effects. This proposed method involves three ***, the mathematical form of Stokes-Helmert0 s boundary value problem was derived, and strict computational formulas regarding topographic effects were provided to overcome the disadvantage of planar approximations. Second, a gravimetric geoid model was constructed using the proposed StokesHelmert0 s scheme with a heterogeneous data set. Third, a least squares adjustment method combined with a multi-surface function model was employed to remove the bias between the gravimetric geoid model and the GNSS/leveling data and to refine the final local geoid model. The accuracy of the final geoid model was evaluated using independent GNSS/leveling data. Numerical results show that an external precision of 1.45 cm is achievable.

关键词： Geoid computation Stokes-Helmert’s method Surface integration Heterogeneous heights

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