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Genome editing in crops: from bench to field

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National Science Review 2015年第1期2卷 13-15页

作者： Caixia Gao institute of genetics and Developmental biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Conventional plant breeding can accelerate crop improvement by crossing superior plants with other compatible plants,or randomly induced variants generated by chemical-or radiation-induced ***,its contribution to crop... 详细信息

关键词： NHEJ DNA Genome editing in crops from bench to field SSN

Genetic analysis of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat grown in different light intensities

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2014年第6期56卷 594-604页

作者： Hongwei Li Gui Wang Qi Zheng Bin Li Ruilian Jing Zhensheng Li State Key Laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Crop Sciences the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Growth light intensities largely determine photo-synthesis, biomass, and grain yield of cereal crops. To explore the genetic basis of light responses of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, a quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis was carried out in a doubled haploid （DH） population grown in low light （LL）, medium light （ML）, and high light （HL）, respectively. The results showed that the wheat seedlings grown in HL produced more biomass with lower total chlorophyll content （Chl）, carotenoid content, and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II （Fv/Fm） while the wheat seed-lings grown in LL produced less biomass with higher Chl compared with those grown in ML. In total, 48 QTLs were identified to be associated with the investigated parameters in relation to growth light intensities. These QTLs were mapped to 15 chromosomes which individually explained 6.3%-36.0% of the phenotypic variance, of which chromo-somes 3A, 1D, and 6B were specifically involved in LL response, 5D and 7A specifically involved in ML response, and 4B specifically involved in HL response. Several light-responsive QTLs were co-located with QTLs for photosyn-thetic parameters, biomass, and grain weight under various conditions which may provide new hints to uncover the genetic control of photosynthesis, biomass, and grain weight.

关键词： Biomass carotenoids chlorophyll Fv/Fm quantitative trait locus Triticum aestivum L.

Test on Wilt-Resistance of Simple Hybrides F7 and Beckross Hybrid Lines F6 B1 of G. hirsutumL. of Cotton to New Virulent Isolates of Fungus Fusarium verticillioidesand Verticillium dahliae

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 1025-1030页

作者： Abdulaxat A. Azimov Ilkham Dj. Kurbanbaev Alisher B. Amanturdiev Hilola X. Matniyazova institute of genetics and plant experimental biology Academy of Science Tashkent Uzbekistan

The article presents the results of studies on the resistance of hybrid cotton lines to a new virulent isolate (strain) of the fungus Fusarium verticillioides upon inoculation of the host plant. Based on the studies, it was found that the complex genotypic resistance of the studied lines, when the host plants are inoculated with isolates of -100 V. dahliae Kleb fungus and 103 Fusarium verticillioides fungi,

Regulators of alternative polyadenylation operate at the transition from mitosis to meiosis

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2017年第2期44卷 95-106页

作者： Lingjuan Shan Chan Wu Di Chen Lei Hou Xin Li Lixia Wang Xiao Chu Yifeng Hou Zhaohui Wang State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100102China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Computational biology Chinese Academy of Sciences-Man Planck Partner Institute for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics and National Center for plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Cenetic Network biology Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

In the sexually reproductive organisms, gametes are produced by meiosis following a limited mitotic amplification. However, the intrinsic program switching cells from mitotic to meiotic cycle is *** polyadenylation（APA） is a highly conserved means of gene regulation and is achieved by the RNA 30-processing machinery to generate diverse 30 UTR profiles. In Drosophila spermatogenesis, we observed distinct profiles of transcriptome-wide 30 UTR between mitotic and meiotic cells. In mutant germ cells stuck in mitosis, 30 UTRs of hundreds of genes were consistently shifted. Remarkably, altering the levels of multiple 30-processing factors disrupted germline＇s progression to meiosis, indicative of APA＇s active role in this transition. An RNA-binding protein（RBP） Tut could directly bind 30 UTRs of 30-processing factors whose expressions were repressed in the presence of Tut-containing complex. Further,we demonstrated that this RBP complex could execute the repression post-transcriptionally by recruiting CCR4/Twin of deadenylation complex. Thus, we propose that an RBP complex regulates the dynamic APA profile to promote the mitosis-to-meiosis transition.

关键词： Germ cell Mitosis to meiosis Alternative polyadenylation RNA-binding protein 3'UTR

Identification of the resistance gene to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第1期17卷 37-45页

作者： XU Xiao-dan FENG Jing FAN Jie-ru LIU Zhi-yong LI Qiang ZHOU Yi-lin MA Zhan-hong State Key Laboratory for biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests/institute of plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of plant Protection China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering/institute of genetics and Developmental biology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of plant Protection Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）, is one of the most damaging diseases to wheat in the world. The cultivation of resistant varieties of wheat is essential for controlling the powdery mildew epidemic. Wheat landraces are important resources of resistance to many diseases. Mapping powdery mildew resistance genes from wheat landraces will promote the development of new varieties with disease resistance. The Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao possesses characteristic of disease resistance to powdery mildew. To identify the resistance gene in this landrace, Baiyouyantiao was crossed with the susceptible cultivar Jingshuang 16 and seedlings of parents and F1, BC1, F2, and F~：3 were tested with Bgt isolate E09. The genetic results showed that the resistance of Baiyouyantiao to E09 was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively designated PmBYYT. An Illumina wheat 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） array was applied to screen polymorphisms between F2-resistant and F2-susceptible DNA bulks for identifying the chromosomal location of PmBYYT. A high percentage of polymorphic SNPs between the resistant and susceptible DNA bulks was found on chro- mosome 7B, indicating that PmBYYT may be located on this chromosome. A genetic linkage map of PmBYYTconsisting of two simple sequence repeat markers and eight SNP markers was developed. The two flanking markers were SNP markers W7BL-8 and W7BL-15, with genetic distances of 3 and 2.9 cM, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated the rapid characterization of a wheat disease resistance gene and SNP marker development using the 90K SNP assay. The flanking markers of gene PmBYYTwill benefit marker-assisted selection （MAS） and map-based cloning in breeding wheat cultivars with powdery mildew resistance.

关键词： wheat landrace powdery mildew genetic mapping single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array

The impact of space environment on gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2017年第6期60卷 902-910页

作者： LI HuaSheng LU JinYing ZHAO Hui SUN Qiao YU FuTong PAN Yi CHEN Yu SU Liang LIU Min Space Molecular Biological Laboratory China Academy of Space Technology Department of plant Nutrition China Agricultural University institute of genetics and Developmental biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

One of the important questions in space biology is the mechanisms underlying plant responses to an outer space environment,i.e.,how gene expression is altered in *** this study,the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was analyzed as a part of Germany SIMBOX(science in microgravity box)spaceflight experiment on Shenzhou 8 *** experiment involved the following treatments:spaceflight with microgravity(Fμg),spaceflight with 1g centrifugal force(F 1g),and ground 1g control(G 1g).Gene chips were used to screen gene expression differences in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings among these *** analysis revealed that 621 genes were differentially expressed in samples Fμg vs.G 1g,249 genes in samples F 1g vs.G 1g,and 368 genes in samples Fμg vs.F *** ontology analysis indicated that the genes were involved in metabolism of stress response,gravitropic response,and DNA damage and repair,suggesting that plants adjust these metabolic pathways to space environmental stress,microgravity,and radiation.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana space flight microgravity microarray gene expression profile

TRIM-9 functions in the UNC-6/UNC-40 pathway to regulate ventral guidance

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2011年第1期38卷 1-11页

作者： Song Song Qinglan Ge Jinbo Wang Haiyang Chen Sanyuan Tang Junfeng Bi Xia Li Qi Xie Xun Huang Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

TRIpartite Motif （TRIM） family proteins are ring finger domain-containing, multi-domain proteins implicated in many biological processes. Members of the TRIM-9/C-I subfamily of TRIM proteins, including TRIM-9, MIDI and MID2, have neuronal functions and are associated with neurological diseases. To explore whether the functions of C-I TRIM proteins are conserved in invertebrates, we analyzed Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila trim-9 mutants. C. elegans trim-9 mutants exhibit defects in the ventral guidance of hermaphrodite specific neuron （HSN） and the touch neuron AVM. Further genetic analyses indicate that TRIM-9 participates in the UNC-6-UNC-40 attraction pathway. Asymmetric distribution of UNC-40 during HSN development is normal in trim-9 mutants. However, the asymmetric localization of MIG-10, a downstream effector of UNC-40, is abolished in trim-9 mutants. These results suggest that TRIM-9 functions upstream of MIG- 10 in the UNC- 40 pathway. Moreover, we showed that TRIM-9 exhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro and this activity is important for TRIM-9 function in vivo. Additionally, we found that Drosophila trim-9 is required for the midline attraction of a group of sensory neuron axons. Over-expression of the Netrin/UNC-6 receptor Frazzled suppresses the guidance defects in trim-9 mutants. Our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved function of TRIM-9 in the UNC-40/Frazzled-mediated UNC-6/Netrin attraction pathway.

关键词： TRIM-9 Axon guidance UNC-6/Netrin UNC-40/Frazzled

Unfolded protein response activation compensates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation deficiency in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2017年第7期59卷 506-521页

作者： Qingliang Li Hai Wei Lijing Liu Xiaoyuan Yang Xiansheng Zhang Qi Xie State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics National Center for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Crop biology Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University

Abiotic stresses often disrupt protein folding and induce endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. There is a sophisticated ER quality control （ERQC） system to mitigate the effects of malfunctioning proteins and maintain ER homeostasis. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER activates the unfolded protein response （UPR） to enhance ER protein folding and the degradation of misfolded proteins mediate by ER- associated degradation （ERAD）. That ERQC reduces abiotic stress damage has been well studied in mammals and yeast. However, in plants, both ERAD and UPR have been studied separately and found to be critical for plant abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we discovered that UPR-associated transcription factors AtbZlP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 responded to tunicamycin （TM） and NaCl induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress tolerance. They regulated the expression level of ER chaperones and the HRD1-complex components. Moreover, overexpression of AtbZIP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 could restore stress tolerance via ERAD in the HRD1-complex mutant hrd3a-2, which suggested that UPR and ERAD have an interactive mechanism in Arabidopsts.

关键词： ZIP ERAD HRD in of UPR

Regulation of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/microRNA 156 Module by the Homeodomain Proteins PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis

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Molecular plant 2011年第6期4卷 1123-1132页

作者： Shruti Lal Leo Bryan Pacis Harley M.S. Smith genetics Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Center for plant Cell biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The morphology of inflorescences is regulated in part by the temporal and spatial events that regulate flower specification. In Arabidopsis, an endogenous flowering time pathway mediated by a subset of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER- BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE （SPL） transcription factors, including SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5, function to specify flowers by activating floral meristem identity genes. During shoot development, SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA156 （miR156）. The photoperiod regulated florigenic signal, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, promotes floral induction, in part by activating SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5. In turn, these SPLs function in parallel with FT to specify flower meristems. Two related BELLl-like homeobox genes PENNYWISE （PNY） and POUND-FOOLISH （PNF） expressed in the shoot apical meristem are absolutely required for the specification of floral meristems. Genetic studies show that the floral specification function of FT depends upon PNYand PNF; however, the interplay between these homeodomain proteins and SPLs is not known. In this manuscript, we show that the photoperiodic floral induction of SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 is dependent upon PNY and PNE Further, PNY and PNF also control SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 expression by negatively regulating miR156. Lastly, ectopic expres- sion of SPL4 partially rescues the pny pnf non-flower-producing phenotype, while overexpression of SPL3 or SPL5 in pny pnf plants was unable to restore flower specification. These results suggest that：（1） SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 function is dependent upon PNY and PNF, or （2） expression of multiple SPLs is required for floral specification in pny pnf plants.

关键词： Development meristem homeodomain flowering microRNA.