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Identification of Chromosomes from Multiple Rice Genomes Using a Universal Molecular Cytogenetic Marker System

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2007年第6期49卷 953-960页

作者： Xiaomin Tang Weidong Bao Wenli Zhang Zhukuan Cheng State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics and Center for plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

To develop reliable techniques for chromosome identification is critical for cytogenetic research, especially for genomes with a large number and smaller-sized chromosomes. An efficient approach using bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） clones as molecular cytological markers has been developed for many organisms. Herein, we present a set of chromosomal arm-specific molecular cytological markers derived from the gene-enriched regions of the sequenced rice genome. All these markers are able to generate very strong signals on the pachytene chromosomes of Oryza sativa L. （AA genome） when used as fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） probes. We further probed those markers to the pachytene chromosomes of O. punctata （BB genome） and O. officinalis （CC genome） and also got very strong signals on the relevant pachytene chromosomes. The signal position of each marker on the related chromosomes from the three different rice genomes was pretty much stable, which enabled us to identify different chromosomes among various rice genomes. We also constructed the karyotype for both O. punctata and O. officinalis with the BB and CC genomes, respectively, by analysis of 10 pachytene cells anchored by these chromosomal arm-specific markers.

关键词： molecular cytologenetic marker pachytene chromosome rice.

The pathogenic site of the C-toxin derived from Bipolaris maydis race C in maize (Zea mays)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第19期45卷 1787-1791页

作者： GAO Zhihuan XUE Yongbiao DAI Jingrui Department of plant genetics and Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Laboratory of plant genetics and Developmental biology Institute of Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China

Bipolaris maydis race C strain 523 (C523) induces severer leaf blight on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-C maize than on normal (N) maize. Previously, a pathotoxin isolated from C523 (C-toxin) was shown to be responsible for the disease. To understand the basis of the differential responses between CMS-C and N maizes to this fungus, protein synthesis in vitro by mitochondria from N and CMS-C cytoplasms was monitored after their incubation in a solution containing the toxin (0.3%). Similar protein products were detected between the two alloplasmic lines, indicating that the toxin does not directly act on the mitochondrial membrane, nor inhibits the expression of mitochondrial genes. To further locate the action site of the toxin, intact leaves from both N and several subtypes of CMS-C lines were treated by 0.3% toxin. Analysis of electrolyte leakage of leaf cells showed that the leakage rates were similar to one another among the alloplasmic maize lines. In contrast, at a lower concentration of the

关键词： maize Bipolaris maydis race C specificity.

cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals that maize resistance to Bipolaris maydis is associated with the induction of multiple defense-related genes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第17期46卷 1454-1458页

The fungal pathogen Bipolaris maydis invades by direct penetration into maize leaf veins. In order to understand the resistance mechanism of maize to B. maydis strain 523, cDNA-AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis was conducted to compare the changes in mRNA transcripts hi response to B. maydis infection between a highly disease-resistant (HDR) line and a susceptible (S) line. 13 cDNA fragments derived from the genes showing enhanced expression after fungal infection, named HDR genes, were isolated from the HDR line. Northern blot analysis showed that 5 HDR genes were induced by fungal infection in the HDR, but not the S lines. The 5 HDR genes showed homology to previously characterized genes involved in disease resistance. A full-length HDR10 cDNA was isolated. It had a capacity to encode a protein of 284 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the HDR10 gene was homologous to a fungal infection-induced protein from Cicer arietinum and a hypersensitive response protein from

关键词： maize Bipolaris maydis cDNA-AFLP plant defense gene expression.

Arabidopsis RING Peroxins are E3 Ubiquitin Ligases that Interact with Two Homologous Ubiquitin Receptor Proteins

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2013年第1期55卷 108-120页

作者： Navneet Kaur Qingzhen Zhao Qi Xie Jianping Hu MSU-DOE plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University institute of genetics and Developmental biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Peroxisomes are essential eukaryotic organelles that mediate various metabolic processes. Peroxisome import depends on a group of peroxisome biogenesis factors called peroxins, many of which are evolutionarily conserved. PEX2, PEX10, and PEX12 are three RING-finger-domain-containing integral membrane peroxins crucial for protein import. In yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisae）, RING peroxins act as E3 ligases, facilitating the recycling of the peroxisome import receptor protein PEX5 through ubiquitination. In plants, RING peroxins are essential to plant vitality. To elucidate the mode of action of the plant RING peroxins, we employed in vitro assays to show that the Arabidopsis RING peroxins also have E3 ligase activities. We also identified a PEX2-interacting protein, DSK2b, which is a member of the ubiquitin receptor family known to function as shuttle factors ferrying polyubiquitinated substrates to the proteasome for degradation. DSK2b and its tandem duplicate DSK2a are localized in the cytosol and the nucleus, and both interact with the RING domain of PEX2 and PEX12. DSK2 artificial microRNA lines did not display obvious defects in plant growth or peroxisomal processes, indicating functional redundancies among Arabidopsis ubiquitin receptor proteins. Our results suggest that Arabidopsis RING peroxins can function as E3 ligases and act together with the ubiquitin receptor protein DSK2 in the peroxisomal membrane-associated protein degradation system.

关键词： Arabidopsis RING domain proteins peroxisomes ubiquitin receptor.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of the Bifunctional Agglutinin/Trypsin Inhibitor from Helianthus tuberosus L.

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2006年第8期48卷 971-982页

作者： Tuanjie Chang Hongli Zhai Songbiao Chen Guisheng Song Honglin Xu Xiaoli Wei Zhen Zhu State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

In order to find new insect resistance genes, four homologous cDNAs, hta-a, hta-b, hta-c and hta-d with lengths of 775, 718, 784 and 752 bp, respectively （GenBank accession numbers AF477031-AF477034）, were isolated from a tuber cDNA expression library of Helianthus tuberosus L. Sequence analysis revealed that all four cDNAs contain an open reading frame of 444 bp, coding a polypeptide of 147 amino acid residues, and that the sequences of the cDNAs are very similar to those of the mannose-binding agglutinin genes of the jacalin-related family. In hemagglutination reactions and hapten inhibition assays, affinity-purified HTA （Helianthus tuberosus agglutinin） from induced Escherichia coli BL21（DE3） expressing GST-HTA shows hemagglutination ability and a higher carbohydrate-binding ability for mannose than other tested sugars. Trypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the crude extracts of induced E. coli BL21（DE3） expressing HTA, and was further verified by trypsin inhibitory activity staining on native polyacrylamide gel. The mechanism of interaction between HTA and trypsin was studied by molecular modeling. We found that plenty of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions can be formed between the supposed binding sites of HTA-b and the active site of trypsin, and that a stable HTA/trypsin complex can be formed. The results above imply that HTA might be a bifunctional protein with carbohydrate-binding activity and trypsin inhibitory activity. Moreover, Northern blotting analysis demonstrated that hta is predominantly expressed in tubers of H. tuberosus, very weakly expressed in stems, but not expressed at all in other tissues. Southern blotting analysis indicated that hta is encoded by a multi-gene family. The insect resistance traits have been described in another paper.

关键词： bifunctional protein carbohydrate-binding activity Helianthus tuberosus agglutinin (HTA) trypsin inhibitoryactivity.

Ten Years of Gene Discovery for Meiotic Event Control in Rice

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2014年第3期41卷 125-137页

作者： Qiong Luo Yafei Li Yi Shen Zhukuan Cheng College of plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics and Center for plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Meiosis is the crucial process by which sexually propagating eukaryotes give rise to haploid gametes from diploid cells. Several key processes, like homologous chromosomes pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation, sequentially take place in meiosis. Although these widely conserved events are under both genetic and epigenetic control, the accurate details of molecular mechanisms are continuing to investigate. Rice is a good model organism for exploring the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in higher plants. So far, 28 rice meiotic genes have been characterized. In this review, we give an overview of the discovery of rice meiotic genes in the last ten years, with a particular focus on their functions in meiosis.

关键词： Chromosome pairing Synapsis Crossover Meiosis Rice

Role of Soybean GmbZIP132 under Abscisic Acid and Salt Stresses

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2008年第2期50卷 221-230页

作者： Yong Liao Jin-Song Zhang Shou-Yi Chen Wan-Ke Zhang National Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

plant basic-leucine zipper （bZlP） transcription factors play important roles in many biological processes. In the present study, a bZlP gene, GmbZIP132, was cloned from soybean and its biological function under abiotic stresses was studied. The transcription of GmbZIP132 was induced by drought and high salt treatments. Among all of the organs analyzed, its expression was the highest in cotyUedon and stems. GmbZIP132 could weakly bind to the GCN4-1ike motif （GLM）（5＇-GTGAGTCAT-3＇） in yeast one-hybrid assay. Compared with wild-type （WT） Arabidopsis plants, transgenic plants overexpressing GmbZlP132 showed reduced abscisic acid sensitivity and increased water loss rate. At the stage of germination, transgenic plants were more tolerant to salt treatment than wild-type plants. The expression of some abiotic stress-related genes, such as rd29B, DREB2A, and PSCS, were upregulated in the transgenic plants. These results indicated that GmbZlP132 was an abioUc stress-related gene, and its overexpression could increase the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants during germination, yet no significant difference of tolerance to abiotic stresses was found between transgenic and wild type plants at the seedling stage.

关键词： abiotic stresses basic-leucine zipper soybean.

Ethylene Signaling in Rice and Arabidopsis： Conserved and Diverged Aspects

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Molecular plant 2015年第4期8卷 495-505页

作者： Chao Yang Xiang Lu Biao Ma Shou-Yi Chen Jin-Song Zhang State Key Lab of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Ethylene as a gas phytohormone plays significant roles in the whole life cycle of plants, ranging from growth and development to stress responses. A linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established in the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis. However, the ethylene signaling mechanism in monocotyledonous plants such as rice is largely unclear. In this review, We compare the ethylene response phenotypes of dark-grown seedlings of Arabidopsis, rice, and other monocotyledonous plants （maize, wheat, sorghum, and Brachypodium distachyon） and pinpoint that rice has a distinct phenotype of root inhibition but coleoptile promotion in etiolated seedlings upon ethylene treatment. We further summarize the homologous genes of Arabidopsis ethylene signaling components in these monocotyledonous plants and discuss recent progress. Although conserved in most aspects, ethylene signaling in rice has evolved new features compared with that in Arabidopsis. These analyses provide novel insights into the understanding of ethylene signaling in the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis and monocotyledonous plants, particularly rice. Further characterization of rice ethylene-responsive mutants and their corresponding genes will help us better understand the whole picture of ethylene signaling mechanisms in plants.

关键词： ethylene response signaling Arabidopsis rice monocotyledonous plants crosstalk

Genomics progress will facilitate molecular breeding in soybean

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第8期58卷 813-815页

作者： WANG Zheng TIAN ZhiXi State Key Laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

It has been suggested that the soybean （Glycine max [L.] Merr.） currently cultivated in commercial agriculture was domesticated from the wild soybean （G. soja Sieb. ＆ Zucc.） in China approximately 5,000 years ago. Because of its high protein and oil content, cultivated soybean has become a major economic crop by providing 69% and 30% of the world＇s plant protein and oil. Soybean breeders have made considerable efforts to develop elite varieties that can meet this ever-increasing demand. However, over the last century, advances in soybean breeding have progressed slowly. One of the major reasons is the genetic bottlenecks caused by the domestication practice of using seeds from only a small number of plants with desirable traits to propagate each new generation during introduction and im- provement [1]. Well-established genome sequences and a better understanding of the underlying genetic bases of agronomically important traits will expedite the progress of marker-assisted breeding programs for soybean.

关键词：野生大豆基因组学分子育种植物蛋白遗传基础农艺性状基因组序列栽培驯化