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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 471-481页

作者： Mahmudov Azizbek Valijonovich institute of the gene pool of plants and animals Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan

The results of the study Crocus korolkovii Regel & Maw, were introduced into the Tashkent Botanical Garden. Bioecological features, morphological and anatomical characteristics of Crocus korolkovii were studied. Phenology was studied by I.N. Beideman, biology bloom by A.P. Ponomarev, breeding and seed production of plants by T.T. Rakhimova. The study of the biology of flowering determined the optimal humidity, air temperature and soil surface. The anatomic study used fresh tissue samples which were fixed in 70% alcohol. A cross-section of the sheet and the structure of the flower in the introduction of conditions were studied.

关键词： Crocus korolkovii Regel & Maw Introduced Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics Phenology Flowering Biology Conditions

Present State of Pasture Types of the Central Kyzylkum

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第4期7卷 677-683页

作者： Adilov Bekhzod Rakhimova Tashkhonim Rakhimova Nodira Alimova Rano Sagdiev Mirqosim Vakhidov Yusuf institute of gene pool of plants and animals as ruz Tashkent Uzbekistan Tashkent State Agrarian University Tashkent Uzbekistan Unitary Enterprise Geoinform Cadastre of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan

The modern state of desert pastures of the Central Kyzylkum has been studied. The pasture territories of the Central Kyzylkum are distributed on sandy soils (14%), salt marshes (6%), gravellyloamy gray-brown soils (75%) and riparian nature-territorial complexes (5%). The main (75%) areas of pasture are occupied by the gravelly-loamy gray-brown soils which are dominated by species of sagebrushes. There are formed of 8 pasture types depending on the properties of natural complexes. The main type of pasture is sagebrushes (Mixto artemisieta), which occupy 60% of the pasture area, and then follow Peganeta harmala, Mixto calligoneta, Halocnemeta strobilacei, Tamariceta varia, Haloxyleta aphylli, Convolvuleta hamadae and Mixshrubs pasture types. The share of fodder plants is high (an average of 83%) in the flora of the study area. According to seasonal grazing, pastures of the Central Kyzylkum can be divided 5 groups: year-round, spring, spring-summer, autumn-winter and unsuitable pastures for grazing. Among them are prevail year-round grazing pastures. The numbers of annual plants and abundance venomous plants in the flora are indicators of pasture degradation in the study area. Annual plants may occupy 55% of composition of plant communities on degraded sites, besides the pasture types which formed under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In Central Kyzylkum newly formed and transformed pasture types occupy 25% of pastures.

关键词： Types of Pasture Venomous plants Productivity Seasonal Use Degradation Indicators

Perspective Plant Species for Stabilization of Sand Dunes on the Exposed Aral Sea Bed

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2013年第10期3卷 655-662页

作者： Habibullo F. Shomurodov Tashkhanim T. Rakhimova Shakhnoza U. Saribaeva Nodira K. Rakhimova Rasul A.ESOV Bekhzod A. Adilov institute of gene pool of plants and animals Uzbek Academy of Sciences Tashkent 98-371 Uzbekistan

A new salty and sandy desert of ca 5 million ha has emerged on the exposed Aral Sea bed. Every year, 170-200 tons of salt and dust rise into the air and fall on the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. A number of experiments have been *** in order to study the salt tolerance of plants and select drought- and salt-resistant plant species, which show a wide ecological range, to fix quick-sand dunes on the exposed Aral Sea bed. Among the studied species of Calligonum genus C. caput-medusae Schrenk was the most resistant to the saline solution. At the end of the vegetation experiment, the survivability of individuals constituted 44.1% at the concentration of 1.0% of sodium chloride. Artemisiaferganensis Krasch. ex Poljak. and Salsola richteri （Moq.） Kar. ex Litv. showed a good resistance to the concentration of saline solution as high as 150 ram, at which no dried plants were recorded. As the concentration grew to 300 mM, the survivability of Artemisiaferganensis dropped to 40.0% while 66.7 Salsola richteri individuals were developing successfully. An almost similar result was obtained during the experiment on Nitraria schoberi L.. The survivability ofKrascheninnikovia ewersmanniana （Stschegl. ex Losinsk.） Grub. individuals significantly decreased at the concentration of 200 mm （33.4%）, while for Agropyron cristatum the concentration of 300 mm was threshold, at which the survivability of individuals was below 3.3%. The most resistant to the deflation of sands on the exposed bed were Salsola richteri and Calligonum caput-medusae, whose survivability on the sandy dunes was 17%-41%.

关键词： Aral Sea phyto-melioration salt resistance deflation halophytes.

Distribution Pattern and State of Coenotic Population of Tulipa lehmannianaMerckl. in Kyzylkum Desert Conditions (Uzbekistan)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第2期8卷 288-296页

作者： Ozodbek S. Abduraimov Habibullo F. Shomurodov Azizbek S. Abduraimov institute of the gene pool of plants and animals Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Ecology and Geography Gulistan State University Gulistan Uzbekistan

The current state of coenotic populations of rare and endangered species of Uzbekistan-Tulipa lehmanniana Merckl. is given. Within the western part of the area (Kyzylkum desert) in different ecological and phytocenotic conditions, 8 coenotic populations of the species were identified. Based on the number of organism and population traits, the current state of coenotic populations of the species was evaluated. It was revealed that the vast majority of coenopopulations are in pessimal state. Coenopopulation only growing on the eastern part of the mountain Kuljuktau was assessed as optimal.

关键词： Tulipa lehmanniana Liliaceae Kyzylkum Distribution Coenotic Population

A Demographic Structure of Populations of Salvia LilacinocoeruleaNevski, a Rare Species Endemic to the Western Pamir-Alay (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 1411-1422页

作者： Habibullo F. Shomurodov Uktam E. Khuzhanazarov Natalya Yu Beshko Barno Akhmadalieva Vasila K. Sharipova institute of the gene pool of plants and animals Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named after Nizamiy Tashkent Uzbekistan

Salvia lilacinocoerulea Nevski (Lamiaceae) is an endemic to the Western Pamir-Alay mountain range. Usually it grows on eroded clay soils among sparse juniper forests in the middle mountain belt. Studied coenopopulations of S. lilacinocoerulea are normal, but are not complete. Coenopopulations self-maintenance is carried out by the seed of renewal. The characteristic spectrum of S. lilacinocoerulea coenopopulation is centered, with a peak in the middle-generative individuals. In most cases, specific developmental spectrum of coenopopulation does not coincide with the characteristic ones. The demography structure of mostly investigated coenopopulations is satisfactory. The population growing on the grey clay soil, on strongly eroded slope among sparse juniper woodland was evaluated as critical due to absence in ontogenetic spectrum young individuals and small percentage of generative plant as well.

关键词： Salvia lilacinocoerulea Lamiaceae Western Pamir-Alay Mountain Coenopopulation

The Ontogenesis and Ontogenetic Structure of Lagochilus proskorjakovii Ikram (Lamiaceae) Coenopopulations in Nuratau Mountain Range (Uzbekistan)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 928-936页

作者： A. K. Akhmedov H. F. Shomurodov Z. B. Nomozova Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Samarkand State University Samarkand Uzbekistan institute of the gene pool of plants and animals Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan

Lagochilus proskorjakovii Ikram is a strict endemic in Nuratau ridge (north-western spurs of the mountain range of the Pamir-Alai). It grows as a part of Amygdalus bucharica and Perovskia scrophulariifolia formation, where the total projective cover of grass does not exceed 20%. In natural conditions growth, ontogeny of L. proskorjakovii is simple and complete. The duration of ontogenesis in the condition of Nuratau is no more than 22 - 23 years. Studied coenopopulations are normal, but are not complete. Coenopopulation self-maintenance is carried out by the seed of renewal. The characteristic spectrum of coenopopulation centered, with a peak in the middle-generative individuals. In most cases, specific developmental spectrum of coenopopulation coincides with the characteristic ones. The absence or small proportion of the young fraction in surveyed of coenopopulation is related to the elimination of young fragile individuals. According to the classification of “delta-omega”, the most of coenopopulations are maturing which confirms the positive state of coenopopulation demography. Studied the ontogeny and structure of adult endemic Nuratau established that the species belongs to caudexum shrubs, perennial that forms the axis of the short multicipital caudex. Buds renewal is at a height of 2 - 3 cm above the substrate. Investigated coenopopulations L. proskorjakovii are successiveness conditions. In addition to the Artemisia juncea + Perovskia scrophulariifolia + Ferula ovina + Stipa hohenackeriana community 1st coenopopulation (CP) mature;the 2nd CP is mature which was a part of the Amygdalus bucharica + Perovskia scrophulariifolia + Prangos pobularia + Bromus scoparius community;3rd CP is maturing being a part of Lonicera nummulariifolia + Perovskia scrophulariifolia + Hypericum scabrum + Bromus danthoniae community and the 4th CP is mature which occurred in Amygdalus bucharica + Ferula varia + Acroptilon repens + Taeniath

关键词： Demographic Characteristics Ontogenetic Spectrum Maturing Mature Plant Community Coenopopulation Types

From genetic Mapping to Molecular Breeding： Genomics Have Paved the Highway

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 959-960页

作者： Xuehui Huang National Center for gene Research CAS Center for Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200233 China

Owing to the recent advances in sequencing technology, genetic mapping of mutations has been revolutionized by whole-genome deep sequencing and bulk segregant analysis （Schneeberger et al., 2009; Abe et al., 2012）. Once the mapping population for a mutant is available, genetic analysis can be simplified by using the pool of F2 plants with mutant phenotype and the pool of those showing wild-type phenotype. Since most mutant phe- notypes are of qualitative character and follow simple inheritance patterns, genome-wide comparisons between the two DNA pools could localize the causal gene within a small genomic region. In most cases, the causative mutation （e.g., an in-frame indel） can be detected as well because there are only a limited number of sequence differences between the mutant and its wild-type. Hence, rapid mutant mapping via genomics ap- proaches is now becoming practical and cost-effective.

关键词： mutations available qualitative

Regulation of mitochondrial NAD pool via NAD^+ transporter 2 is essential for matrix NADH homeostasis and ROS production in Arabidopsis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 991-1002页

作者： Lilan Luo Yajun He Yannan Zhao Qian Xu Jian Wu Haiyan Ma Hongyan Guo Lin Bai Jianru Zuo Jian-Min Zhou Hong Yu Jiayang Li State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyTheInnovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Plant Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) play a crucial role in numerous biological processes in plants, including development, responses to environmental stimuli, and programmed cell death(PCD). Deficiency in MOSAIC DEATH 1(MOD1), a plastid-localized enoyl-ACP reductase essential for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, leads to the increased malate export from chloroplasts to mitochondria, and the subsequent accumulation of mitochondria-generated ROS and PCD. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a mod1 suppressor, som592. SOM592 encodes mitochondrion-localized NAD^+ transporter 2(NDT2). We show that the mitochondrial NAD pool is elevated in the mod1 mutant. The som592 mutation fully suppressed mitochondrial NADH hyper-accumulation, ROS production, and PCD in the mod1 mutant, indicating a causal relationship between mitochondrial NAD accumulation and ROS/PCD phenotypes. We also show that in wild-type plants, the mitochondrial NAD+uptake is involved in the regulation of ROS production in response to continuous photoperiod. Elevation of the alternative respiration pathway can suppress ROS accumulation and PCD in mod1, but leads to growth restriction. These findings uncover a regulatory mechanism for mitochondrial ROS production via NADH homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana that is likely important for growth regulation in response to altered photoperiod.

关键词： mitochondrial NAD pool NAD^+ transporter 2 mtROS

A telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of watermelon and its mutation library provide important resources for gene discovery and breeding

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1268-1284页

作者： Yun Deng Shoucheng Liu Yilin Zhang Jingsheng Tan Xiaopeng Li Xiao Chu Binghua Xu Yao Tian Yudong Sun Bosheng Li YunbiXu Xing Wang Deng Hang He Xingping Zhang Peking University institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at WeifangWeifangShandong 261000China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jiangsu Xuhuai Area Huaiyin institute of Agricultural Science HuaianJiangsu 223300China

Watermelon,Citrullus lanatus,is the world's third largest fruit *** genomes with gaps and a narrow genetic base hinder functional genomics and genetic improvement of ***,we report the assembly of a telomere-to-telomere gap-free genome of the elite watermelon inbred line G42 by incorporating high-coverage and accurate long-read sequencing data with multiple assembly *** 11 chromosomes have been assembled into single-contig pseudomolecules without gaps,representing the highest completeness and assembly quality to *** G42 reference genome is 369321829 bp in length and contains 24205 predicted protein-coding genes,with all 22 telomeres and 11 centromeres ***,we established a pollen-EMS mutagenesis protocol and obtained over 200000M1 seeds from *** a sampling pool,48 monogenic phenotypic mutations,selected from 223M1and 78 M2 mutants with morphological changes,were *** average mutation density was 1 SNP/1.69Mband1 indel/4.55 Mb per M1 plant and 1SNP/1.08Mb and 1 indel/6.25 Mb per M2 *** advantage of the gap-free G42 genome,8039 mutations from 32 plants sampled from M1 and M2 families were identified with 100%accuracy,whereas only 25% of the randomly selected mutations identified using the 97103v2 reference genome could be *** this library and the gap-free genome,two genes responsible for elongated fruit shape and male sterility(CiMs1)were identified,both caused by a single basechange from G to *** validated gap-free genome and its EMS mutation library provide invaluable resources for functional genomics and genetic improvement of watermelon.

关键词： watermelon gap-free genome EMS,mutation library gene discovery genome-wide sequencing genic male sterility

generation of a series of mutant lines resistant to imidazolinone by screening an EMS-based mutant library in common wheat

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 1030-1038页

作者： Zhuo Chen Zheng Wang Yanfang Heng Jian Li Jiawei Pei Ying Cao Xing Wang Deng Ligeng Ma College of Life Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental ImprovementCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking UniversityWeifang 261000ShandongChina

The breeding of herbicide-resistant wheat varieties has helped control weeds in wheat fields economically and *** (IMI) herbicides are popular as they have low toxicity in mammals,are effective at small doses,and exhibit broad-spectrum herbicidal action in the ***,the isolation and genetic and molecular characterization of IMI-resistant wheat mutants will enhance weed management in wheat *** the present study,352 IMI-resistant plants were isolated by genetic screening from a mutant pool prepared by EMS-based random *** of the mutated genes from the IMI-resistant plants indicated that ten taals alleles had been isolated,and mutation in one of three Ta ALS homolog genes conferred IMI resistance,and such a mutation is a dominant *** analysis showed that taals-d exhibited the greatest IMI resistance,whereas taals-b exhibited the weakest resistance to IMI among three homologous taals *** terms of IMI resistance,the taals triple mutant was stronger than the taals double mutants,and the taals double mutants were stronger than the single mutants,indicating a dose-dependent effect of the Ta ALS mutation on IMI resistance in *** analysis indicated that the mutation in Ta ALS increased the tolerance of Ta ALS to inhibition by *** work details the genetic and molecular characterization of als wheat mutants,provides a foundation for understanding IMI resistance and breeding wheat varieties with herbicide resistance,and indicates that genetic screening using a mutagenized pool is an effective and important means of breeding crops with additional desired agricultural traits.

关键词： Wheat Herbicide genetic screening Imidazolinone resistance Taals alleles